英语考级-2016年06月六级真题（第3套）

机密*启用前大学英语六级考试COLLEGEENGLISHTEST—BandSix—(2016年6月第3套)试题册敬告考生一、在答题前，请认真完成以下内容:1.请检查试题册背面条形码粘贴条、答题卡的印刷质量，如有问题及时向监考员反映，确认无误后完成以下两点要求。2.请将试题册背面条形码粘贴条揭下后粘贴在答题卡1的条形码粘贴框内，并将姓名和准考证号填写在试题册背面相应位置。3.请在答题卡1和答题卡2指定位置用黑色签字笔填写准考证号、姓名和学校名称，并用HB-2B铅笔将对应准考证号的信息点涂黑。二、在考试过程中，请注意以下内容:1.所有题目必须在答题卡上规定位置作答，在试题册上或答题卡上非规定位置的作答一律无效。2.请在规定时间内在答题卡指定位置依次完成作文、听力、阅读、翻译各部分考试，作答作文期间不得翻阅该试题册。听力录音播放完毕后，请立即停止作答，监考员将立即收回答题卡1，得到监考员指令后方可继续作答。3.作文题内容印在试题册背面，作文题及其他主观题必须用黑色签字笔在答题卡指定区域内作答。4.选择题均为单选题，错选、不选或多选将不得分，作答时必须使用HB-2B铅笔在答题卡上相应位置填涂，修改时须用橡皮擦净。三、以下情况按违规处理:1.未正确填写(涂)个人信息，错贴、不贴、毁损条形码粘贴条。2.未按规定翻阅试题册、提前阅读试题、提前或在收答题卡期间作答。3.未用所规定的笔作答、折叠成毁损答题卡导致无法评卷。4.考试期间在非听力考试时间佩戴耳机。全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会

PartⅠWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayone—learning.Trytoimaginewhatwillhappenwhenmoreandmorepeoplestudyonlineinsteadofattendingschool.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)2因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections：Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theroboticsrevolutionissettobringhumansfacetofacewithanoldfear-man-madecreationsassmartandcapableaswearebutwithoutamoralcompass.Asrobotstakeonevermorecomplexroles.Thequestionnaturally26Whowillberesponsiblewhentheydosomethingwrong?Manufacturers?Users?Softwarewriters?Theanswerdependsontherobot.Robotsalreadysaveustime,moneyandenergy.Inthefuture,theywillimproveourhealthcare,socialwelfareandstandardofliving.The27ofcomputationalpowerandengineeringadvanceswill28enablelower-costin-homecareforthedisabled,29useofdriverlesscarsthatmayreducedrunk-anddistracted-drivingaccidentsandcountlesshomeandservice—industryusesforrobots,fromstreetcleaningtofoodpreparation.Butthereare30tobeproblems.Robotcarswillcrash.Adrone(遥控飞行器)operatorwill31someone'sprivacy.Aroboticlawnmowerwillrunoveraneighbor'scat.Juriessympathetictothe32ofmachineswillpunishentrepreneurswithcompany—crushing33anddamages.Whatshouldgovernmentsdotoprotectpeoplewhile34spaceforinnovation?Big,complicatedsystemsonwhichmuchpublicsafetydepends,likedriverlesscars,shouldbebuilt,35andsoldbymanufacturerswhotakeresponsibilityforensuringsafetyandareliableforaccidents.Governmentsshouldsetsafetyrequirementsandthenletinsurerspricetheriskoftherobotsbasedonthemanufacturer'sdrivingrecord.notthepassenger's.A.arisesB.ascendsC.boundD.combinationE.definiteF.eventuallyG.interfereH.invadeI.manifestingJ.penaltiesK.preservingL.programmedM.proximatelyN.victimsO.widespreadSectionBDirections：Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ReformandMedicalCosts[A]Americansaredeeplyconcernedabouttherelentlessriseinhealthcarecostsandhealthinsurancepremiums.Theyneedtoknowifreformwillhelpsolvetheproblem.Theansweristhatnoonehasaneasyfixforrisingmedicalcosts.Thefundamentalfix—reshapinghowcareisdeliveredandhowdoctorsarepaidinawasteful.abnormalsystem—islikelytobeachievedonlythroughtrialanderrorandincremental(渐进的)gains.[B]ThegoodnewsisthatabilljustapprovedbytheHouseandabillapprovedbytheSenateFinanceCommitteewouldimplementortestmanyreformsthatshouldhelpslowtheriseinmedicalcostsoverthelongterm.AsareportinTheNel4,EnglandJournalofMedicineconcluded."Prettymucheveryproposedinnovationfoundinthehealthpolicyliteraturethesedaysiscontainedinthesemeasures."[C]Medicalspending,whichtypicallyrisesfasterthanwagesandtheoveralleconomy,ispropelledbytwothings：thehighpriceschargedformedicalservicesinthiscountryandthevolumeofunnecessarycaredeliveredbydoctorsandhospitals,whichoftenperformalotmoretestsandtreatmentsthanapatientreallyneeds.[D]HerearesomeoftheimportantproposalsintheHouseandSenatebillstotrytoaddressthoseproblems,andwhyitishardtoknowhowwelltheywillwork.[E]BothbillswouldreducetherateofgrowthinannualMedicarepaymentstohospitals,nursinghomesandotherprovidersbyamountscomparabletotheproductivitysavingsroutinelymadeinotherindustrieswiththehelpofnewtechnologiesandnewwaystoorganizework.ThisproposalcouldsaveMedicaremorethan$100billionoverthenextdecade.Ifprivateplansdemandedsimilarproductivitysavingsfromproviders,andrefusedt01etprovidersshiftadditionalcoststothem.thesavingscouldbemuchlarger.CriticssayCongresswillgiveintolobbyistsandletinefficientprovidersoffthehook(放过).ThatisfarlesslikelytohappenifCongressalsoadoptsstrong"pay—go"rulesrequiringthatanyincreaseinpaymentstoprovidersbeoffsetbynewtaxesorbudgetcuts.[F]TheSenateFinancebillwouldimposeanexcisetax(消费税)onhealthinsuranceplansthatcostmorethan$8,000foranindividualor$21.000forafamily.Itwouldmostlikelycauseinsurerstoredesignplanstofallbeneaththethreshold.Enrolleeswouldhavetopaymoremoneyformanyservicesoutoftheirownpockets,andthatwouldencouragethemtothinktwiceaboutwhetheranexpensiveorredundanttestwasworthit.Economistsprojectthatmostemployerswouldshiftmoneyfromexpensivehealthbenefitsintowages.TheHousebillhasnosimilartax.Thefinallegislationshould.[G]Anydoctorwhohaswrestledwithmultipleform.sfromdifferentinsurers,orpatientswhohavetriedtounderstandtheirownparadeofstatements,knowthatsimplificationoughttosavemoney.Whenthehealthinsuranceindustrywasstillcooperatinginreforinefforts.itstradegroupofferedtoprovidestandardizedformsforautomatedprocessing.Itestimatedthatstepwouldsavehundredsofbillionsofdollarsoverthenextdecade.Thebillswouldlockthatpledgeintolaw.[H]Thestimuluspackageprovidedmoneytoconverttheinefficient,paper—drivenmedicalsystemtoelectronicrecordsthatcanbeeasilyviewedandtransmitted.Thisrequiresopeninvestmentstohelpdoctorsconvert.Intimeitshouldhelprestraincostsbyeliminatingredundanttests.preventingdruginteractions,andhelpingdoctorsfindthebesttreatments.[I]Virtuallyallexpertsagreethatthefee.for—servicesystem—doctorsarerewardedforthequantityofcareratherthanitsqualityoreffectiveness—isaprimaryreasonthatthecostofcareissohigh.Mostagreethatthesolutionistopushdoctorstoacceptfixedpaymentstocareforaparticularillnessorforapatient'sneedsoverayear.Nooneknowshowtomakethathappenquickly.ThebillsinbothhouseswouldstartpilotprojectswithinMedicare.Theyincludesuchmeasuresasaccountablecareorganizationstotakechargeofapatient'sneedswithaneyeonbothcostandquality,andchronicdiseasemanagementtomakesuretheseriouslyill.whoareresponsibleforthebulkofallhealthcarecosts.aretreatedproperly.Forthemostpart.theseexperimentsrelyonincentivepaymentstogetdoctorstotrythem.[J]Testinginnovationsdonogoodunlessthegoodexperimentsareidentifiedandexpandedandthebadonesaredropped.TheSenatebillwouldcreateanindependentcommissiontomonitorthepilotprogramsandrecommendchangesinMedicare'sPaymentpoliciestourgeproviderstoadoptreformsthatwork.ThechangeswouldhavetobeapprovedorrejectedasawholebyCongress,makingithardfornarrow—interestlobbiestobendlawmakerstotheirwill.[K]Thebillsinbothchamberswouldcreatehealthinsuranceexchangesonwhichsmallbusinessesandindividualscouldchoosefromanarrayofprivateplansandpossiblyapublicoption.Alltheplanswouldhavetoprovidestandardbenefitpackagesthatwouldbeeasytocompare,Togetaccesstomillionsofnewcustomers.insurerswouldhaveastrongincentivetosellontheexchange.Andthehead—to—headcompetitionmightgivethemastrongincentivetolowertheirprices.perhapsbyacceptingslimmerprofitmarginsordemandingbetterdealsfromproviders.[L]Thefinallegislationmightthrowapublicplanintothecompetition,butthankstothefierceoppositionoftheinsuranceindustryandRepublicancritics.itmightnotsavemuchmoneyTheoneintheHousebillwouldhavetonegotiaterateswithproviders.ratherthanusingMedicarerates.asmanyreformerswanted.[M]Thepresident'sstimuluspackageispumpingmoneyintoresearchtocomparehowwellvarioustreatmentswork.Issurgery,radiationorcarefulmonitoringbestforprostate(前列腺)cancer?Isthelatestandmostexpensivecholester01.10weringdruganybetterthanitscommoncompetitors?Thependingbillswouldspendadditionalmoneytoacceleratethiseffort.[N]Criticshavechargedthatthissensibleideawouldleadtorationingofcare.(Thatwouldbetrueonlyifyoubelievedthatpatientsshouldhaveanunrestrainedrighttotreatmentsproventobeinferior.)Asaresult,thebillsdonotrequire,astheyshould,thattheresultsofthesestudiesbeusedtosetpaymentratesinMedicare.[O]CongressneedstofindthecouragetoallowMedicaretoPaypreferentiallyfortreatmentsproventobesuperior.Sometimesthebesttreatmentmightbespendingwouldcomedownthrougheliminationoftreatments,themostexpensive.Butoverall,wesuspectthatalotofunnecessaryorevendangeroustestsand[P]TheHousebillwouldauthorizethesecretaryofhealthandhumanservicestonegotiatedrugpricesinMedicareandMedicaid.Someauthoritativeanalystsdoubtthatthesecretarywouldgetbetterdealsthanprivateinsurersalreadyget.Webelievenegotiationcouldwork.Itdoesinothercountries.[Q]Missingfromthesebillsisanyseriousattempttoreininmalpracticecosts,Malpracticeawardsdodriveupinsurancepremiumsfordoctorsinhigh.riskspecialties,andthereissomeevidencethatdoctorsengagein"defensivemedicine"byperformingtestsandtreatmentsprimarilytoprovetheyarenotnegligentshouldtheygetsued.36.Withataximposedonexpensivehealthinsuranceplans,mostemployerswilllikelytransfermoneyfromhealthexpensesintowages.37.Changesinpolicywouldbeapprovedorrejectedasawholesothatlobbyistswouldfindithardtoinfluencelawmakers.38.ItisnoteasytocurbtherisingmedicalcostsinAmerica.39.Standardizationofformsforautomaticprocessingwillsavealotofmedicalexpenses.40.Republicansandtheinsuranceindustryarestronglyopposedtothecreationofapublicinsuranceplan.41.Conversionofpapertoelectronicmedicalrecordswillhelpeliminateredundanttestsandpreventdruginteractions.42.Thehighcostofmedicalservicesandunnecessarytestsandtreatmentshavedrivenupmedicalexpenses.43.Onemainfactorthathasdrivenupmedicalexpensesisthatdoctorsarecompensatedfortheamountofcareratherthanitseffect.44.Contrarytoanalysts'doubts,theauthorbelievesdrugpricesmaybeloweredthroughnegotiation.45.Faircompetitionmightcreateastrongincentiveforinsurerstochargeless.SectionCDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Facingwatershortagesandescalatingfertilizercosts,farmersindevelopingcountriesareusingrawsewage(下水道污水)toirrigateandfertilizenearly49millionacresofcropland,accordingtoanewreport—anditmaynotbeabadthing.Whilethepracticecarriesserioushealthrisksformany,thosedangersareoutweighedbythesocialandeconomicgainsforpoorurbanfarmersandconsumerswhoneedaffordablefood."Thereisalargepotentialforwastewateragriculturetobothhelpandhurtgreatnumbersofurbanconsumers."saidLiqaRaschid.Sally,wholedthestudy.Thereportfocusedonpoorurbanareas。wherefarmsinornearcitiessupplyrelativelyinexpensivefood.Mostoftheseoperationsdrawirrigationwaterfromlocalriversorlakes.Unlikedevelopedcities.however,theseareaslackadvancedwater-treatmentfacilities,andriverseffectivelybecomesewers(下水道).Whenthiswaterisusedforagriculturalirrigation,farmersriskabsorbingdisease-causingbacteria,asdoconsumerswhoeattheproducerawandunwashed.Nearly2.2millionpeopledieeachyearbecauseofdiarrhea—related(与腹泻相关的)diseases,accordingtoWHOstatistics.Morethan80％ofthosecasescanbeattributedtocontactwithcontaminatedwaterandalackofpropersanitation.ButPayDrechsel,anenvironmentalscientist.arguesthatthesocialandeconomicbenefitsofusinguntreatedhumanwastetogrowfoodoutweighthehealthrisks.Thosedangerscanbeaddressedwithfarmerandconsumereducation,hesaid,whilethefreewaterandnutrientsfromhumanwastecanhelpurbanfarmersindevelopingcountriestoescapepoverty.Agricultureisawater-intensivebusiness,accountingfornearly70％ofglobalfleshwaterconsumption.Inpoor,dryregions,untreatedwastewateristheonlyviableirrigationsourcetokeepfarmersinbusiness.Insomecases,waterissoscarcethatfarmersbreakopensewagepipestransportingwastetolocalrivers.Irrigationistheprimaryagriculturaluseofhumanwasteinthedevelopingworld.Butfrequentlyuntreatedhumanwasteharvestedfromlavatoriesisdeliveredtofarmsandspreadasfertilizer.Inmostcases,thehumanwasteisusedongraincrops,whichareeventuallycooked,minimizingtheriskoftransmittingwater-bornediseases.Withfertilizerpricesjumpingnearly50％permetrictonoverthelastyearinsomeplaces,humanwasteisanattractive,andoftennecessary,alternative.Incaseswheresewagemudisused,expensivechemicalfertilizerusecanbeavoided.Themudcontainsthesamecriticalnutrients."Overlystrictstandardsoftenfail,"JamesBartram,aWHOwater—healthexpert.said."Weneedtoacceptthatfactacrossmuchoftheplanet,sowastewithlittleornotreatmentwillbeusedinagricultureforgoodreason."46.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheuseofrawsewageforfarming?A.Itsriskscannotbeoverestimated.B.Itshouldbeforbiddenaltogether.C.Itsbenefitsoutweighthehazardsinvolved.D.Itispollutingmillionsofacresofcropland.47.Whatisthemainproblemcausedbytheuseofwastewaterforirrigation?A.Riversandlakesnearbywillgraduallybecomecontaminated.B.Itwilldriveproducersofchemicalfertilizersoutofbusiness.C.Farmersandconsumersmaybeaffectedbyharmfulbacteria.D.Itwillmakethefarmproducelesscompetitiveonthemarket.48.WhatisenvironmentalscientistPayDrechsel'sattitudetowardstheuseofuntreatedhumanwasteinagriculture?A.Favorable.B.Skeptical.C.Indifferent.D.Responsible.49.WhatdoesPayDrechselthinkoftherisksinvolvedinusinguntreatedhumanwasteforfarming?A.Theyhavebeensomewhatexaggerated.B.Theycanbedealtwiththrougheducation.C.Theywillbeminimizedwithnewtechnology.D.Theycanbeaddressedbyimprovedsanitation.50.WhatdowelearnaboutJamesBartram'spositionontheuseofhumanwasteforfarming?A.HeechoesPayDrechsel'sopinionontheissue.B.HechallengesLiqaRaschid—Sally'sconclusion.C.Hethinksittheonlywayoutofthecurrentfoodcrisis.D.Hedeemsitindispensableforcombatingglobalpoverty.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thesedays,nobodyneedstocook.Familiesgrazeonhigh—cholesteroltake—awaysandmicrowavedready-meals.Cookingisanoccasionalhobbyandavehicleforcelebritychefs.Whichmakesitoddthatthekitchenhasbecometheheartofthemodemhouse：whatthegreathallwastothemedievalcastle.thekitchenistothe21st—centuryhome.Themoneyspentonkitchenshasrisenwiththeirstatus.InAmericathekitchenmarketisnowworth$170billion,fivetimesthecountry'sfilmindustry.IntheyeartoAugust2007,IKEA.aSwedishfurniturechain,soldoveronemillionkitchensworldwide.Theaveragebudgetfora"major"kitchenoverhaulin2006,calculatesRemodelingmagazine,wasastaggering$54,000；evena"minor"improvementcostonaverage$18.000.Exclusivity,morefamiliarintheworldofhighfashion,hasreachedthekitchen：Robinson&Cornish,aBritishmanufacturerofcustom—madekitchens,offersaGeorgian—styleonewhichwouldcost￡145.000-155,000—excludingbuilding,plumbingandelectricalwork.Itsbigsellingpointisthatnobodyelsewillhaveit："Youwon'tseethiskitchenanywhereelseintheworld."Theelevationoftheroomthatoncebelongedonlytotheservantstothatofdesignshowcaseforthemodemfamilytellsthestoryofacenturyofsocialchange.Rightintotheearly20thcentury,kitchensweresmoky,noisyplaces.generallylocatedunderground,ortothebackofthehouse,andasfarfromlivingspaceaspossible.Thatwasasitshouldbe：kitchenswereforservants,andtheaspiringmiddleclasseswantednothingtodowiththem.Butastheworkingclassesprosperedandtheservantshortagesetin,housekeepingbecameamatterofinteresttotheeducatedclasses.OneofthepioneersofaradicalnewwayofthinkingaboutthekitchenwasCatharineEstherBeecher.sisterofHarrietBeecherStowe.InAmericanWoman'sHome,publishedin1869,theBeechersistersrecommendedascientificapproachtohouseholdmanagement,designedtoenhancetheefficiencyofawoman'sworkandpromoteorder.ManycontemporaryideasaboutkitchendesigncanbetracedbacktoanotherAmerican,ChristineFrederick.whosetaboutenhancingtheefficiencyofthehousewife.Herl919work,HouseholdEngineeringScientificManagementintheHome.wasbasedondetailedobservationofahousewife'sdailyrou