2023届北京市通州区一模英语试题讲评课件

北京市通州区2023年高三年级模拟考试英语课件

讲评第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AstheforeignEnglishteacheratmyschool,IhaveaweeklyEnglishmusicbroadcastwhereIshowcasedifferentEnglishsongs.Itrytogetthestudentstorecommendsongstomeforthebroadcast.Atthebroadcast,Iusuallyannouncewhorecommendedthesongandthen____1____itforeveryonetohearduringlunchtime.Ioffereveryoneanopportunitytosharethemselvesthroughtheirmusic,includingone____2____studentofmine.Thisstudent____3____getsintofightswiththeotherstudents,doesn’tstudy,andbringsdowntheenergyoftheclass.Mostoftheotherteachersandstudentspushhimaway.Iknewthoughthathejustneededafriend,oratleastsomeonehecould____4____with.Icouldtellhewaswarminguptomeoverthelastyear.Itoldhimto____5____asonghelikesthathassomeEnglishwordsinitandIwouldplayitonthebroadcastforhim.Heeventuallyrecommendedasong.IactuallyreallylikedthesongsoIputitonthebroadcastandmadesuretoannouncehisname,soeveryoneknewthathe____6____andrecommendedsuchagreatsong.Needlesstosay,theboywas____7____,andhe’sbeenmuchhappierandfocusedinEnglishclasseversince.Whileeveryoneelsemisunderstoodhimandpushedhimaway,Isawhimrightthroughandknewthathejustneededsomeonewho____8____him.There’sstillalanguage____9____betweenus,butwordsaren’tneeded,becauseyoucanalwayssensewhereyou’reatwithsomeone.HerecentlywalkedbymeandgavemethemostgenuinesmilethatI’deverseen.Mycoworkerturnedtomeandsaid“I’veneverseenhimsmilelikethatbefore.Howdidyougetthroughtohim?”“Igavehima____10____,”Isaid,“throughjustonesong.”1.A.accept B.play C.choose D.change2.A.absent B.anxious C.tough D.quiet3.A.constantly B.finally C.carefully D.obviously4.A.cooperate B.agree C.argue D.connect5.A.thinkof B.listento C.talkabout D.handout6.A.gathered B.contributed C.remembered D.wrote7.A.interested B.confused C.astonished D.excited8.A.acknowledged B.persuaded C.entertained D.impressed9.A.trap B.boundary C.barrier D.disorder10A.word B.chance C.gift D.game【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.D5.A6.B7.D8.A9.C10.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过播放一个调皮男孩推荐的歌曲，给了一个承认他的机会，男孩也因此在英语课上变得更快乐、更专注了。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在广播中，我通常会宣布是谁推荐了这首歌，然后在午餐时间播放给大家听。A.accept接受；B.play播放；C.choose选择；D.change改变。后文“itforeveryonetohearduringlunchtime”中it指代歌曲，故指播放歌曲，应用动词play。故选B。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我为每个人提供了一个通过音乐来分享自己的机会，包括我的一个棘手的学生。A.absent缺席的；B.anxious焦急的；C.tough艰难的，棘手的；D.quiet安静的。根据后文“getsintofightswiththeotherstudents,doesn’tstudy,andbringsdowntheenergyoftheclass”可知这个学生不听话，很棘手。故选C。【3题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个学生经常和其他学生打架，不学习，使班级的活力下降。A.constantly持续地；B.finally最后；C.carefully仔细地；D.obviously显然。根据后文“getsintofightswiththeotherstudents,doesn’tstudy,andbringsdowntheenergyoftheclass”指这个学生经常和其他学生打架，不学习，使班级的活力下降。故选A。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不过我知道他只是需要一个朋友，或者至少是一个他可以交流的人。A.cooperate合作；B.agree同意；C.argue争论；D.connect连接。根据上文“Iknewthoughthathejustneededafriend,oratleastsomeonehecould”可知，男孩需要一个朋友，一个可以联系交流的人。故选D。【5题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我告诉他想一首他喜欢的歌，里面有一些英语单词，我会在广播里放给他听。A.thinkof想起；B.listento听；C.talkabout谈论；D.handout分发。根据后文“asonghelikesthathassomeEnglishwordsinit”指作者让男生想一起喜欢的歌。故选A。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我真的很喜欢这首歌，所以我把它放在广播中，并确保宣布他的名字，所以每个人都知道，他贡献和推荐这样一首好歌曲。A.gathered聚集；B.contributed贡献；C.remembered记得；D.wrote写。根据后文“andrecommendedsuchagreatsong”指男生贡献和推荐这样一首好歌曲。故选B。【7题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不用说，男孩很兴奋，从那以后，他在英语课上变得更快乐、更专注了。A.interested感兴趣的；B.confused困惑的；C.astonished吃惊的；D.excited激动的。根据后文“andhe’sbeenmuchhappierandfocusedinEnglishclasseversince”可知，作者的做法让男孩很激动，因此从那以后，他在英语课上变得更快乐、更专注了。故选D。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。LastyearIruinedmysummervacationbybringingalongamodernconveniencethatwastooconvenientformyowngood:mytablet.Istucktomyworkdaydietoffournewspaperseachmorning.Andthatwastheproblem:IwasbehavingasifIwerestillintheoffice,____11____(stick)totheunendingnewscycle.Mybodywasonvacation____12____myheadwasn’t.SothisyearImakeupmymindtotrysomethingdifferent:stayingawayfromtheInternet.Iknowitwon’tbeeasy,butIamdetermined.Avacation____13____(suppose)tohelpyouresetyourbraintobecomemoreproductive.【答案】11.sticking12.but13.issupposed【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述作者决定吸取去年旅行的教训，今年旅行时不带笔记本电脑，充分放松自己。【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这就是问题所在：我表现得好像还在办公室里，被无休止的新闻循环所束缚。空处应用非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语I和stickto之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填sticking。【12题详解】考查并列连词。句意：我的身体在度假，但我的大脑却没有。结合句意可知是，上下文是转折关系，应用but连接。故填but。【13题详解】考查固定短语和时态。句意：假期应该能帮助你重新调整大脑，使其更有效率。句子陈述客观事实，用一B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Despitetherapidprogressofsociety,thereisawidespreadrecognitionthatthequalityoflifeinlargecitiesisgettingmuch____14____(bad).Theproperwaytotacklethisproblemisdevelopingmixed-useareas.Mixed-useareas,forexample,maycontainofficesandbusinesses,apartments,andentertainmentfacilities.____15____(apparent),theyattractpeoplewhowanttoliveandworkinthesamearea.Therefore,peoplespendlesstimeincarsdrivingtoworkandplay,____16____inturnreducespollutionandpossiblyimprovesthewell-beingofthepopulation.【答案】14.worse15.Apparently16.which【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。尽管社会发展迅速，人们普遍认识到大城市的生活质量越来越差。解决这一问题的正确方法是开发综合功能区。例如，混合用途区域可能包含办公室和企业、公寓和娱乐设施。显然，它们吸引了想在同一地区生活和工作的人。因此，人们花更少的时间开车去工作和娱乐，这反过来又减少了污染，并可能改善人们的福祉。【14题详解】考查比较级。句意：尽管社会发展迅速，人们普遍认识到大城市的生活质量越来越差。结合句意和much可知，此处用形容词比较级作表语。故填worse。【15题详解】考查副词。句意：显然，它们吸引了想在同一地区生活和工作的人。修饰后文句子应用副词apparently，作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Apparently。【16题详解】考查定语从句。句意：因此，人们花更少的时间开车去工作和娱乐，这反过来又减少了污染，并可能改善人们的福祉。非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故用which引导。故填which。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。TraditionalChinesetea-making____17____(consist)ofknowledge,skills,andpracticesaboutthemanagementofteaplantations,pickingoftealeaves,andtheprocessing,drinking,andsharingoftea.Notonlyaretea-relatedcustomsfoundacrossthecountry,butalsothey____18____(influence)therestoftheworldsinceancienttimesthroughtheancientSilkRoadandtraderoutes.Teashavepleasedandfascinatedtheworld____19____thousandsofyears.Theyhavefinallyreceivedtop-levelglobalrecognitionasa____20____(share)culturaltreasureofhumankind.【答案】17.consists18.havebeeninfluencing##haveinfluenced19.for20.shared【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。传统的中国制茶包括茶园的管理、茶叶的采摘、茶叶的加工、饮用和分享的知识、技能和实践。与茶有关的习俗不仅遍布全国，而且自古以来就通过古丝绸之路和贸易路线影响着世界其他地区。几千年来，茶一直为世界所喜爱和着迷。它们终于得到了全球最高级别的认可，成为人类共同的文化瑰宝。【17题详解】考查时态。句意：传统的中国制茶包括茶园的管理、茶叶的采摘、茶叶的加工、饮用和分享的知识、技能和实践。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为TraditionalChinesetea-making，谓语用三单形式。故填consists。【18题详解】考查时态。句意：与茶有关的习俗不仅遍布全国，而且自古以来就通过古丝绸之路和贸易路线影响着世界其他地区。根据后文sinceancienttimes可知表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，动作不间断，应用现在完成进行时；或表示过去的动作对现在的影响用现在完成时；主语为they，助动词用have。故填havebeeninfluencing/haveinfluenced。19题详解】考查介词。句意：几千年来，茶一直为世界所喜爱和着迷。后跟一段时间，表示“几千年来”应用介词for。故填for。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：它们终于得到了全球最高级别的认可，成为人类共同的文化瑰宝。修饰名词treasure应用形容词shared，作定语。故填shared。第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)AThroughinteractingwithpeopleandtheoutdoors,acyclingholidaycanboostbothyourphysicalandmentalwell-being.WehaveresearchedthebestroutesfortheperfectcyclingholidayhereintheUK.WithlocationsacrosstheUK,you’llbesuretofindyournextcyclingdestinationhere.CamelTrailThebestcyclingroutehereintheUKistheCamelTrailinNorthCornwall.Stretching27.8kmsfromPadstowtoWenfordbridge,thiscyclingrouteisnotonlyafairlyflatcycle,butisalsohometosomebreathtakingviewsofthecoastandfamily-friendlycampingspots.Perfectforfamilies,theCamelTrailfollowsalongsidesandybeachesandvillagesalongtheway,meaningthere’smoretodiscover.TissingtonTrailTheTissingtonTrailtakesyoufromAshbourneintheDerbyshireDales,allthewayuptoParsleyHay.TakingyouthroughthesouthofthebeautifulPeakDistrict,theTissingtonTrailfollowsanoldrailwaylinewhichstillhastheformerstationplatforms.Filledwithlotsofhistoryandnature,andonlya25-minutedrivetoAltonTowersforabitofaddedfun,thisholidayisjam-packedwithplentytodoforthewholefamily.DerbyCanalPathandCloudTrailTheDerbyCanalPathandCloudTrailstretches21.4kmsfromDerbytothemarkettownofLoughborough.Takingyoualongthepicturesquecountryside,andwatersidesections,thiscyclingroutehasitall.LocalattractionsontherouteincludeMelboumeHallandGardens,andMelboumeAnimalFarm.Marriott’sWayTheMarriott’sWayisanotherlongdistancecycleandfootpaththatstartsinNorwichandfinishesinReepham.PerfectforcyclingthroughNorfolk’spicturesquewoodlands,theMarriott’sWayalsopassesthroughpicturesquesmalltownsandvillagesincludingAttlebridge,Whitwell,andThemeThorpe.TheMarriott’sWaycyclingtrailhasthesteepestascentoutofthefourbestcyclingholidays,somaybethebestforthosewhoarekeenriders.Ifyouchoosetoventureoutonacyclingholidaythisyear,you’llfeelthebenefitofspendingtimewithfamilyandfriendswhileexploringsomeoftheUK’smostscenicandenjoyablecyclingroutes.TakeyourpickfromourbestcyclingholidaysintheUKforyournextstaycation,whetheryou’reanoviceriderorlookingforachallenge.21.Whatcanpeoplegainfromacyclingholiday?A.Improvedcyclingskills.B.Bettermoodandstrongerbody.C.Increasedknowledgeoftheocean.D.Deepenedunderstandingofgreentravelling.22.Ifyouareinterestedinthebeautifulsceneryandhistory,youcanchoose________.A.CamelTrailB.TissingtonTrailC.DerbyCanalPathandCloudTrailD.Marriott’sWay23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Todiscussthebenefitsofcycling.B.Toencouragepeopletogocycling.C.Tointroducesomecyclingholidaytracks.D.Toanalyzethedifferencesamongthefourroutes.【答案】21.B22.B23.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个在英国适合假期自行车骑行的最佳路线。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段首句“Throughinteractingwithpeopleandtheoutdoors,acyclingholidaycanboostbothyourphysicalandmentalwell-being.(通过与人们和户外活动的互动，自行车假期可以促进你的身心健康)”可知，作者认为骑行过程可以强身健体，又能是心情舒畅。故选B项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据TissingtonTrail部分“TakingyouthroughthesouthofthebeautifulPeakDistrict,theTissingtonTrailfollowsanoldrailwaylinewhichstillhastheformerstationplatforms.Filledwithlotsofhistoryandnature,andonlya25-minutedrivetoAltonTowersforabitofaddedfun,thisholidayisjam-packedwithplentytodoforthewholefamily.(TissingtonTrail将带您穿过美丽的山顶区(PeakDistrict)南部，沿着一条古老的铁路线，这里仍然保留着以前的车站月台。这里充满了历史和自然风光，距离奥尔顿塔只有25分钟的车程，可以增加一点乐趣，这个假期为全家人提供了大量的活动)”可知，对美丽景色和历史感兴趣的骑行者会对TissingtonTrail感兴趣。故选B项。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“WehaveresearchedthebestroutesfortheperfectcyclingholidayhereintheUK.WithlocationsacrosstheUK,you’llbesuretofindyournextcyclingdestinationhere.(我们研究了在英国度过完美自行车假期的最佳路线。在英国各地，你一定会在这里找到你的下一个骑行目的地)”并结合下文可知，文章主要向读者介绍了四个适合假期自行车骑行的最佳路径。故选C项。BIstillrememberhowapetmousewaspopularamongmyclassmatesinBroadbeachStateSchool.Oneday,myfriendsandIdecidedtobuyapetmouse.Thepetshopkeeperwouldn’tsellusoneuntilhegotourparents’letterthatcouldshowtheirpermissionforustogetapet.So,havingtheneatesthandwriting,Ifakedone.Thestoreownerquicklysawthroughmyhandwritingandaskedmetocontactmymothertoconfirmthesituation.Mytrickquicklyfailed,anditwasallmessedup.Mymumgotveryangryandfeltthatthepunishmentshouldfitthecrime.Knowingthatmywritingwaspoorandalwaysinneedofimprovement,shemademewriteletterstoafewrandomlyselectedrelatives.OneofthemwasmyunclewhomI’donlymetafewtimeswhenIwasakindergartner.Iwrotealongletterdetailingmylifeandlistingmyinterests.Mypunishmentwascomplete.IforgotaboutthisuntilIsuddenlygotareplyfrommyuncle.“Howlovelytohearfromyou,”hesaid,andwentontotellmeallabouthislife.He’dlovetohearaboutwhatsubjectsatschoolIenjoyed.Andsostartedacorrespondence(信件往来)thatwentonforseveralyears.Heturnedouttobethemostfascinatingman.Thenoutoftheblue,hedied.Mymumtookthephonecallandshewasshocked.Shedeeplyregretteditastheyhadnotreallyspokenforyearsbecauseoftheirbusylifeandworkload.Iwentupstairsandproducedaboxofletters,thelastonebeingfromjustafewdaysbeforehehadpassedaway.Mymumbegantoreadthemandknewthatalthoughshehadn’tbeenintouch,Ihadgrownclosetohimbywritingtohim,whichrelievedandcalmedher.Infact,Ithenbecameclosetohiswife,whomIalsowrotetoformanyyears.Ioftenthinkabouthowthatonenaughtychildhoodcrimeledtosuchanenrichingcorrespondencethatstretchedonformanyyears.Itencouragedmetowritetolotsofotherpeopleinfact,andit’ssomethingIkeepupwithtothisday.Besides,receivingaletterissuchalovelysurprise.Beboldandwritetosomeoneyoumaybedon’tknowthatwell.Whoknowswhereitwilllead?24.Whydidtheauthor’smumaskhimtowritealettertohisuncle?A.Becausehedidsomethingwrong.B.Becausetheyhadn’tspokenforyears.C.Becausehisunclewantedtohearfromthem.D.Becausehewantedtosharehisjoyofowningapet.25.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor?A.Heendedthecorrespondenceafterhisunclepassedaway.B.Hefoundhisuncleextremelyinterestingandattractive.C.Hewasnotinterestedinkeepingincontactwithhisuncle.D.Hismumkeptclosecontactwithhisunclethroughletters.26.Howdidtheauthor’smotherfeelwhenreadingtheletters?A.Comforted.B.Regretful.C.Astonished.D.Pleased.27.Whatmainmessagedoesthewriterexpressinthepassage?A.Weshouldappreciatesomethingbeforeit’sgone.B.Writingletterscanbeawaytomakeupforpastmistakes.C.It’simportanttotellthetruthandbehonestinyourwriting.D.Writinglettershasthepowerofstrengtheningbondswithothers.【答案】24.A25.B26.A27.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了小作者想要在店里买一只宠物，他伪造了一封信，表示母亲允许买宠物。事情败露，作为惩罚，妈妈要求他给亲戚写信，作者和他舅舅通信多年，直到舅舅去世时，妈妈很后悔没有和舅舅多多联系，得知孩子一直和舅舅通信感到很欣慰。作者认为，信心可以增进亲情。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Mytrickquicklyfailed,anditwasallmessedup.(我的把戏很快就失败了，一切都搞砸了)”及第二段“Mymumgotveryangryandfeltthatthepunishmentshouldfitthecrime.Knowingthatmywritingwaspoorandalwaysinneedofimprovement,shemademewriteletterstoafewrandomlyselectedrelatives.(我妈妈非常生气，觉得惩罚应该与罪行相称。她知道我的文笔很差，总是需要改进，于是让我给几个随机挑选的亲戚写信)”可知，作者做错事假冒妈妈笔迹写信，妈妈让作者给亲戚写信是作为惩罚。故选A项。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段末句“Heturnedouttobethemostfascinatingman.(事实证明他原来是最迷人的人)”可知，作者对舅舅是赞美的，fascinating一词表明舅舅是很有趣很有魅力的人。故选B项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Mymumbegantoreadthemandknewthatalthoughshehadn’tbeenintouch,Ihadgrownclosetohimbywritingtohim,whichrelievedandcalmedher.(我妈妈开始读这些信，她知道虽然她还没有联系过，但我通过给他写信已经和他亲近了，这让她松了一口气，也让她平静了下来)”可知，妈妈得知作者舅舅去世时是很震惊，很难过，并且很后悔没有和他多联系。可是她知道作者和舅舅一直在通信，并且读了那些信件时心情好多了，感到很欣慰，难过的心情得到抚慰，comforted和relieved意思相近。故选A项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Itencouragedmetowritetolotsofotherpeopleinfact,andit’ssomethingIkeepupwithtothisday.Besides,receivingaletterissuchalovelysurprise.Beboldandwritetosomeoneyoumaybedon’tknowthatwell.Whoknowswhereitwilllead?(事实上，它鼓励我给很多其他人写信，我一直坚持到今天。此外，收到一封信是一个如此可爱的惊喜。大胆地写信给你可能不太了解的人。谁知道会发生什么呢)”可知，作者建议大家给亲人写信。作者通过和之前不太熟悉的舅舅通信，和舅舅一直保持通信，和舅舅维系了亲情，并在舅舅去世妈妈伤心难过时，那些信安慰到了妈妈。由此可知，作者认为写信有着神奇的力量可以增进关系，并建议读者写信。故选D项。CRememberyourfirstdayofschool?Howdidyourmumpickoutyourclothesthedaybeforeandhownervousdidyoufeelwhenenteringtheclassroom?Orwhataboutthefirsttimeyourodeabike,withalloftheexcitementcoursingthroughyourveins(静脉)?Somememoriesstickwithusandwecanrecallthemlikescenesinamovie.Theseareknownasepisodicmemories.Anewstudypublishedinthejournal,ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,hasshownthatcertaincells,calledtimecells,makethistypeofmemorypossible.Thesecellshelpusformclearmemoriesinchronological(时间顺序的)order.Asmemoriesarebeingformed,thesetimecellsputastamponthememories.Later,thisstamphelpsusrecounttheexactsequenceofeventsandexperiences.The27participantsinthestudyhadelectrodesplacedintheirbrains.Thisallowedscientiststomeasurecellactivityinthehippocampus(海马体)andanotherareainvolvedintheperceptionoftime.Theparticipantswereshownsequencesof12to15wordsonacomputerscreeninaperiodofabout30seconds.Thentheywereaskedtorecallthewords.Duringthistime,thescientistslookedattheactivityofdifferentbraincells.Theyfoundthatspecificcellsfiredsignalsduringeachsequenceofwords.“Thetimecellsthatwefoundaremarkingoutdiscreet(不显眼的)segments(片段)oftimewithin···thisapproximately30-secondwindow,”saidBradLega,aneurosurgeonattheUniversityofTexasSouthwesternMedicalCenter,US.Thisprovesthepossibleexistenceoftimecellsinthehumanbrain.GyorgyBuzsaki,aprofessoratNewYorkUniversity,saidthestudyisimportantasitcanexplainmemoryproblemsfoundinpeoplewhosuffereddamagetotheirhippocampus.Inoneexperiment,scientistscomparedthememoriesofpeoplewhohadjusttakenatourofacollegecampus.Thosewithoutdamagetotheirhippocampushadsimilarstories.However,thosewhohadsuffereddamagetothisareaofthebrainwereunabletorecallthepropersequenceofevents.Thenumberofpeoplesufferingfrommemorydisordersisincreasingsignificantly.AsofSepetmber2019,around50millionpeopleworldwideweresufferingfromdementia(痴呆),andthenumberwilltripleby2050,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.SuchstudieswillhelpscientistsdevelopbettermedicalinterventionsforpeoplesufferingfromAlzheimer’sdisease,thecauseof60to70percentofdementiacases.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“recount”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Decide.B.Tell.C.Create.D.Predict.29.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?A.Mostoftheparticipantscouldnotrecallthewordsequence.B.Participantswererequiredtospeakoutthewordswithin30seconds.C.Peoplewithdamagedhippocampuscouldalsorecallthesequenceofevents.D.Whiletheparticipantswererecallingthewords,certainbraincellsreleasedsignals.30.Whatdoesthestudytrytofindout?A.Howhumans’feelingoftimechangesovertime.B.Howoftenbraincellssendsignalsduringanevent.C.Howbraincellsworktoremembersequencesofevents.D.Howthebrainmemorizeseventsthatpeoplehaveexperienced.31.Whatcanthestudybeappliedto?A.Findingthetruecauseofdementia.B.Discoveringtimecellsincreatures.C.Findingwaystocurememorydisorders.D.DecidingthereasonforAlzheimer’sdisease.【答案】28.B29.D30.C31.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了情景记忆的形成机制、实验过程及意义。【28题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Thesecellshelpusformclearmemoriesinchronological(时间顺序的)order.Asmemoriesarebeingformed,thesetimecellsputastamponthememories.(这些细胞帮助我们按照时间顺序形成清晰的记忆。当记忆形成时，这些时间细胞会在记忆上打上印记)”可知，时间细胞帮助我们按时间顺序形成清晰的记忆，并且打上印记。由此推知，后来这些“印记”就可以帮助我们按经历事件的顺序来讲述。即recount意为“讲述”，与tell同义。故选B。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Thentheywereaskedtorecallthewords.Duringthistime,thescientistslookedattheactivityofdifferentbraincells.Theyfoundthatspecificcellsfiredsignalsduringeachsequenceofwords.(然后他们被要求回忆这些单词。在此期间，科学家们观察了不同脑细胞的活动。他们发现，特定的细胞在每个单词序列中都会发出信号)”可知，当实验参与者们回忆这些单词时，特定的大脑细胞释放处了信号。故选D。DYoumayhaveheardoftheTasmaniantiger—butyoumostcertainlyhaveneverseenone.Alongwithmanyotherspeciesoverthepasthundredyears,thiscreaturebecameextinctbecauseofhumans.Now,scientistsinAustraliaandtheUSaretryingtobringitbacktolife.Bringingspeciesbackfromthedeadisknownasdeextinction.Thoughitsoundslikesomethingfromasciencefictionmovie,newtechnologieshavemadede-extinctionaveryrealpossibility.To“bringback”anextinctspecies,scientiststakestemcellsfromacloselyrelatedlivinganimalandeditthegenes.Then,thecellsgrowintoanewanimal.Thisnewanimalisnotanexactcopyoftheextinctone,butit’sveryclose.Intheory,scientistscouldcreateentirepopulationsofanimalsandsetthemfreeinthewild.Ifsuccessful,thede-extinctionprojectinAustraliacouldhaveafavorableimpactontheenvironment.TasmaniantigerscouldhelpbringbalancetoAustralia’sremainingforestsbyhuntingandkillinganimalsthatareharmingthetrees.Indeed,somethingsimilarhappenedwhenwolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneParkin1995,withdeerandplantpopulationsrebalancedasaresult.De-extinctionisnotaperfectsolution,however.Foronething,itwon’tchangethehumanbehaviorsthatcauseanimalstobecomeextinctinthefirstplace.Ifwecontinuepollutinganddestroyingtheenvironment,animalswillcontinuetodieout.Theonlywaywecantrulyprotectthemisbychangingourhabits.Bringingextinctspeciesbacktolifewon’tmagicallymakeusrespectnaturemore.Also,themoneythatwespendonde-extinctionwouldprobablybebetterspentonotherconservationprojects.Or,asthoseagainstde-extinctionwouldputit,it’sbettertospendmoneyonthelivingratherthanthedead.Thereasonforthisisthat,comparedtootherefforts,de-extinctionisextremelyexpensive.Infact,forthecostofbringingoneextinctspeciesbacktolife,traditionalconservationeffortscouldsaveuptoeightthreatenedones.Thepowerofscienceisamazing,butitmightbetimeforustostopanddecidewhetherde-extinctionissomethingwereallywanttoachieve.Withthetechnologywecurrentlyhave,thequestionisnolonger“canwe?”but“shouldwe?”32.Whydoesthewritermention“wolvesintroducedtoYellowstonePark”?A.Totesttheeffectofde-extinction. B.Todiscusstheimportanceofdeextinction.C.Toillustratethepossibleeffectofde-extinction. D.Topresentasuccessfulexampleofde-extinction.33.Whatcanwelearnaboutde-extinctioninthepassage?A.Itdemandslargeexpenses. B.Ithelpsadjusthumanbehaviours.C.Itthreatensthecurrentecosystem. D.Itrestoresthebalancebetweenhumansandnature.34.Whatistheauthor’sviewonde-extinction?A.Neutral. B.Opposed. C.Supportive. D.Unconcerned.【答案】32.D33.A34.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“反灭绝”技术，可以让使灭绝物种恢复。文章介绍了这项技术的操作方式以及作者对此的看法。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Ifsuccessful,thede-extinctionprojectinAustraliacouldhaveafavorableimpactontheenvironment.TasmaniantigerscouldhelpbringbalancetoAustralia’sremainingforestsbyhuntingandkillinganimalsthatareharmingthetrees.Indeed,somethingsimilarhappenedwhenwolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneParkin1995,withdeerandplantpopulationsrebalancedasaresult.(如果成功，澳大利亚的反灭绝项目将对环境产生有利影响。塔斯马尼亚虎可以通过猎杀伤害树木的动物来帮助维持澳大利亚现存森林的平衡。事实上，1995年黄石公园重新引入狼时，也发生了类似的事情，结果鹿和植物的数量重新平衡)”可推知，作者提到“引入黄石公园的狼”是为了提出一个反灭绝的成功例子。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whetheritisinafamilyboardgame,orduringcompetitivesports,itcanbeeasytospotsorelosers.Duringthosetimeswhenwearefacedwithloss.sorelosersstrugglemorethanothers.Whensorelosersnoticethattheyareloweringintherankings,theymaytrytowinatallcosts.____35____Therefore,they’repreparedtodoanythingintheirpowertoavoidthemevenifthatinvolvesimmoralbehaviours.____36____Theyconstantlycalculatetheirunlikelihoodofawininthecompetitions.Andwhentheriskoflosingisveryhigh,theywillimmediatelywithdrawfromthegame.That’sbecausequittingisthelastwaytoensurelosingdoesn’thappen.Perhapsthebiggestrevealingofsorelosersistheirattitude.____37____Thiscanbelinkedbacktoevolutionarybenefits,aschannelingthisfrustrationhelpedourancestorssucceed.Afterlosingahunt,forexample,thesefeelingsmadethemtryharderuntiltheyweresuccessful.Whatcanwedotoavoidbecomingsorelosers?Onewayinthefirstplaceistoplayandexplorewhatyou’regoodatwithoutanysuccesscriteria.Thenwhenitdoescometolosing,identifywhatwaswithinyourcontrolandwhetheritwasdowntoluck,talent,orpractice.____38____Winningfeelsessentialnow,buthowwilltheresultaffectyoutomorrow?Chancesare,it-won’tbeassignificantthen.____39____A.Thesethoughtprocessescanhelpyoutogaininsight.B.Thestrategymayinvolvetheparticipantbecomingangrybeforehand.C.Givingupbeforetheresultsarefinalizedisanothersignofsorelosers.D.Thisisbecausethelosswillbringaboutsomeunwantednegativefeelings.E.Formanypeople,controllingangerisimpossibleastheirlossisannounced.F.Mostofuscanacceptthenegativeconsequencesoflosingafiercecompetition.G.Anotherwayistoconsidertheconsequencesofwinningorlosinginyourfuture.【答案】35.D36.C37.E38.G39.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了输不起的人的特点以及解决方法。【35题详解】根据上文“Whensorelosersnoticethattheyareloweringintherankings,theymaytrytowinatallcosts.(当输不起人注意到自己的排名在下降时，他们可能会不惜一切代价争取胜利)”以及后文“Therefore,they’repreparedtodoanythingintheirpowertoavoidthemevenifthatinvolvesimmoralbehaviours.(因此，他们准备尽其所能避免他们，即使这涉及不道德的行为)”可知，后文提到了输不起的人想要避免一些东西，本句承接上文说明他们争取胜利的原因，D选项someunwantednegativefeelings对应后文them。故D选项“这是因为失去会带来一些不想要的负面情绪”符合语境，故选D。【36题详解】根据后文“Theyconstantlycalculatetheirunlikelihoodofawininthecompetitions.Andwhentheriskoflosingisveryhigh,theywillimmediatelywithdrawfromthegame.That’sbecausequittingisthelastwaytoensurelosingdoesn’thappen.(他们不断计算自己在比赛中获胜的可能性。当失败的风险非常高时，他们会立即退出游戏。那是因为放弃是确保不会失败的最后一种方法)”后文提到“当失败的风险非常高时，他们会立即退出游戏”，即在确定结果之前就放弃。故C选项“在结果确定之前放弃是输不起的人的另一个表现”符合语境，故选C。【37题详解】根据上文“Perhapsthebiggestrevealingofsorelosersistheirattitude.(也许最能揭示输不起的人的是他们的态度)”以及后文“Thiscanbelinkedbacktoevolutionarybenefits,aschannelingthisfrustrationhelpedourancestorssucceed.Afterlosingahunt,forexample,thesefeelingsmadethemtryharderuntiltheyweresuccessful.(这可以追溯到进化的好处，因为引导这种挫折帮助我们的祖先成功。例如，在一次狩猎失败后，这些感觉会让他们更加努力，直到成功)”可知，本句主要关于输不起的人对待失败的态度，故E选项“对许多人来说，当他们的损失被宣布时，控制愤怒是不可能的”符合语境，故选E。【38题详解】根据“Winningfeelsessentialnow,buthowwilltheresultaffectyoutomorrow?Chancesare,it-won’tbeassignificantthen.(现在赢感觉很重要，但结果对你明天有什么影响？很有可能，到那时它就不会那么重要了)”可知，后文提到了考虑输赢对未来