案例c5t2阅读by修订

READINGPASSAGEYoushouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13,whicharebasedonReadingPassage1below.Thebirthof In1907,LeoHendrickBaekeland,aBelgianscientistworkinginNewYork,discoveredandpatentedarevolutionarynewsyntheticmaterial.Hisinvention,whichhenamed'Bakelite,’wasofenormoustechnologicalimportance,andeffectivelylaunchedthemodernsticsindustry.---Q11Bakelite rstTheterm'stic'comesfromtheGreekssein,meaning'tomould'.Somesticsarederivedfromnaturalsources,somearesemi-synthetic(theresultofchemicalactiononanaturalsubstance),andsomeareentirelysynthetic,thatis,chemicallyengineeredfromtheconstituentsofcoaloroil.Someare'thermostic',whichmeansthat,likecandlewax,theymeltwhenheatedandcanthenbere thersare'thermosetting':likeeggs,theycannotreverttotheirorigina sstate,andtheirshapeisthusBakelite rstsyntheticThehistoryoftoday's sticsbeginswiththediscoveryofaseriesofsemi-synthetic ehinddevelopmentoftheseearly beroffactors—immensetechnologicalprogressinthe changes,andthepragmaticneedtofindacceptablesubstitutesfordwindling of'luxury'materialssuchastortoises andivory.Baekeland'sinterestinsticsbeganin1885when,asayoungchemistrystudentinBelgium,heembarkedonresearchintophenolicresins,thegroupofstickysubstancesproducedwhenphenol(carbolicacid)combineswithanaldehyde(avolatilefluidsimilartoalcohol).Hesoonabandonedthesubject,however,onlyreturningtoitsomeyearslater.By1905hewasawealthyNewYorker,havingrecentlymadehisfortunewiththeinventionofanewphotographicpaper.WhileBaekelandhadbeenbusilyamassingdollars,someadvanceshadbeenmadeinthedevelopmentofstics.Theyears1899and1900hadseenthepatentingofthefirstsemi-syntheticmaterialthatcouldbemanufacturedonanindustrialscale.Inpurelyscientificterms,Baekeland'smajorcontributiontothefieldisnotsomuchtheactualdiscoveryofthematerialtowhichhegavehisname,butratherthemethodbywhichareactionbetweenphenolandformaldehydecouldbecontrolled,thusmakingpossibleitspreparationonacommercialbasis.On13July1907,Baekelandtookouthisfamouspatentdescribingthispreparation,theessentialfeaturesofwhicharestillinusetoday.---Q11Theoriginalpatentoutlinedathree-stageprocess,inwhichphenolandformaldehyde(fromwoodorcoal)wereinitiallycombinedundervacuuminsidealargeegg-shapedkettle.TheresultwasaresinknownasNovalakwhichbecamesolubleandmalleablewhenheated.---Q4Theresinwasallowedtocoolinshallowtraysuntilithardened,andthenbrokenupandgroundintopowder.Othersubstanceswerethenintroduced:includingfillers,suchaswoodflour,asbestosorcotton---Q5,whichincreasestrengthandmoisture ,catalystssubstancestospeedupthereactionbetweentwochemicalswithoutjoiningtoeither)andhexa,acompoundofammoniaandformaldehydewhich dtheadditionalformaldehydenecessarytoformathermosettingresin.---Q6Thisresinwasthenlefttocoolandharden,andgroundupasecondtime.TheresultinggranularpowderwasrawBakelite---Q7,readytobemadeintoavastrangeofmanufacturedobjects.Inthelaststage,theheatedBakelitewaspouredintoahollowmouldoftherequiredshapeandsubjectedtoextremeheatandpressure,thereby'setting'itsformforlife.---Q8ThedesignofBakeliteobjects,everythingfromearringsto evisionsets,wasernedtoalargeextentbythetechnicalrequirementsofthemoldingprocess.Theobjectcouldnotbedesignedsothatitwaslockedintothemouldandthereforedifficulttoextract.---Q9Acommongeneralrulewasthatobjectsshouldtapertowardsthedeepestpartofthemould,andifnecessarytheproductwasmoldedinseparatepieces.MouldshadtobecarefullydesignedsothatthemoltenBakelitewouldflowevenlyand yintothemould.---Q10Sharpcornersprovedimpracticalandwerethusavoided,givingrisetothesmooth,streamlined'stylepopularinthe1930s.Thethicknessofthewallsofthemouldwasalsocrucial:thickwallstooklongertocoolandharden,.afactorwhichhadtobeconsideredbythedesignerinordertomaketheefficientuseofBaekeland'sinvention,althoughtreatedwithdisdaininitsearlyyears,wentontoenjoyanunparalleledpopularitywhichlastedthroughoutthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury---Q12.Itbecamethewonderproductofthenewworldofindustrialsexpansion—‘thematerialofathousanduses’.Beingbothnon-porousandresistant,resistant,BakelitekitchengoodswerepromotedasbeingandElectricalmanufacturersseizedonitsinsulatingproperties,andconsumerseverywhererelisheditsdazzlingarrayofshades,delightedthattheywerenow,atlast,nolongerrestrictedtothewoodtonesanddrabbrownsofthepresticera.---Q13Itthenfellfromfavouragainduringthe1950s,andwasdespiseanddestroyedinvast Recently,however,ithasbeenexperiencingsomethingofarenaissance,withreneweddemandfororiginalBakeliteobjectsinthecollectors'marketce,andmuseums,societiesanddedicatedindividualsonceagainappreciatingthestyleandoriginalitythisinnovativeQuestions1-CompletetheChooseONEWORDONLYfromthepassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes1-3onyouranswersheet.SomeSomesticsbehaveinasimilarwayto1…candlewax……inthattheymeltunderheatandcanbemouldedintonewforms.Bakelitewasuniquebecauseitwasthefirstmaterialtobebothentirely2…synthetic……inorigin,andthermosetting.Therewereseveralreasonsfortheresearchintosticsinthenineteenthcentury,amonythemthegreatadvancesthathadbeenmadeinthefieldof3…chemistry………andthesearchforalternativestonaturalresourceslikeivory.答案在第二段中找到定位词melt和heated，就很快能找到similar的同义词like。Someare'thermo stic',whichmeansthat,likecandlewax,theymeltwhenheatedandcanthenbereshaped.。。答案Bakelitehadthedistinctionofbeingthefirsttotallysyntheticthermosetting distinctionfirstuniqueBakelitehadthedistinctionofbeingthefirsttotallysyntheticthermosetting 。补充：。补充：entirely（完全地）对应totally（完全的。答案根据nineteenthcentury和ivory定位然后仔细寻找greatadvances对应词immensetechnologicalprogress，随后马上可以看到field的对应词 Theimpetusbehindthedevelopmentoftheseearly sticswasgeneratedbyaofoffactors—immensetechnologicalprogressinof。。Questions4-Completetheflow-ChooseONEWORDONLYfromthepassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes4-8onyouranswersheet.通过called和knownas ，先找到phenol，先找到phenolandformaldehyde，最后找到resin答案答案很好选定，找到和cotton，asbestosOthersubstanceswerethenintroduced:includingfillers,suchaswoodflour,asbestosorcotton.答案此题目位置稍有颠倒，但是明白compound是混合物的意思就能找到答案。Othersubstanceswerethenintroduced:includingfillers,suchaswoodflour,asbestosorcotton,whichincreasestrengthandmoisture ,catalystssubstancestospeedupthereactionbetweentwochemicalswithoutjoiningtoeither)andhexa,acompoundofammoniaandformaldehydewhich dtheadditionalformaldehydenecessarytoformathermosettingresin. 的混合物这些物质能够提供额外 来形成热固性树脂答案第五段先找到cool和harden，然后很快看到BakeliteThisresinwasthenlefttocoolandharden,andgroundupasecondtime.TheresultinggranularpowderwasrawBakelite.答案找到第五段extremeheattheheatedBakelitewaspouredintoahollowmouldoftherequiredshapeandsubjectedtoextremeheatandpressure,thereby'setting'itsformforlife.TheProductionofQuestions9andChooseTWOlettersA-Writeyouranswersinboxes9and10onyouranswerNBYouranswersmaybegivenineitherWhichTWOofthefollowingfactorsinfluencingthedesignofBakeliteobjectsarementionedinthetext?thefunctionwhichtheobjectwouldtheeasewithwhichtheresincouldfillthethefacilitywithwhichtheobjectcouldberemovedfromthethelimitationsofthematerialsusedtomanufacturethethefashionablestylesoftheAD大题位置将此题定位在第六段中C答案对应Theobjectcould….difficulttoextract.B答案对应Mouldshadtobe…comple yintothemould.Theobjectcouldnotbedesignedsothatitwaslockedintothemouldandthereforedifficulttoextract.MouldshadtobecarefullydesignedsothatthemoltenBakelitewouldflowevenly yintothe ，解题关键 y，basedDothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassageInboxes11-13onyouranswersheet, ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthisModern-day sticpreparationisbasedonthesameprinciplesasthatpatentedin答案文中launch1907年获得专利的技术开启了现代塑料工业的大Hisinvention,whichhenamed'Bakelite,’wasofenormoustechnologicalimportance,andeffectivelylaunchedthemodern sticsindustry.On13July1907,Baekelandtookouthisfamouspatentdescribingthispreparation,theessentialfeaturesofwhicharestillinusetoday.Bakelitewas edasapracticalandversatile答案欢迎。下面的文章又提到itthenfellfromfavouragainduringthe1950s.Baekeland'sinvention,althoughtreatedwithdisdaininitsearlyyears,wentontoenjoyanunparalleledpopularitywhichlastedthroughoutthefirsthalfofthetwentiethBakelitewasonlyavailableinalimitedrangeof答案定位到第七段…delightedthattheywere…这句话告诉我们在塑料发展的初期，人consumerseverywhererelisheditsdazzlingarrayofshades,delightedthattheywerenow,atlast,nolongerrestrictedtothewoodtonesanddrabbrownsofthepre READINGPASSAGEYoushouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions14-27,whicharebasedonReadingPassage2below.What'ssoJohnMcCronereviewsrecentresearchonThejokecomesovertheheadphones:'Whichsideofadoghasthemosthair?Theleft.'No,notfunny.Tryagain.'Whichsideofadoghasthemosthair?Theoutside.'Hah!Thepunchlineissillyyetfitting,temptingas,evenalaugh.Laughterhasalwaysstruckpeopleasdeeplymysterious,perhapspointless.ThewriterArthurKoestlerdubbedittheluxuryreflex:‘uniqueinthatitservesnoapparentbiologicalpurpose.’--Theoriesabouthumorhaveanancientpedigree.toexpressedtheideathathumorissimplyadelightedfeelingofsuperiorityoverothers.KantandFreudfeltthatjoke-lingreliesonbuildingupapsychictensionwhichissafelypuncturedbytheludicrousnessofthepunchline---Q16.ButmostmodernhumortheoristshavesettledonsomeversionofAristotle'sbeliefthatjokesarebasedonareactiontoorresolutionofincongruity---Q17,whenthepunchlineiseitheranonsenseor,thoughappearingsilly,hasacleversecondmeaning.GraemeRitchie,acomputationallinguistinEdinburgh,studiesthelinguisticstructureofjokesinordertounderstandnotonlyhumorbutlanguageunderstandingandreasoninginmachines.---Q18Hesaysthatwhilethereisnosingleformatformanyrevolvearoundasuddenandsurprisingconceptualshift.Acomedianwillpresentasituationfollowedbyanunexpectedinterpretationthatisalsoapt.Soevenifapunchlinesoundssilly,thelistenercanseethereisacleversemanticfitandthatsuddenmental'Aha!'isthebuzzthatmakesuslaugh.Viewedfromthisangle,humorisjustaformofcreativeinsight,asuddenleaptoanew.However,thereisanothertypeoflaughter,thelaughterofsocialappeasementanditisimportanttounderstandthistoo.yisacrucialpartofdevelopmentinmostyoungmls.Ratsproduceultrasonicsqueakstopreventtheirscufflesturningnasty.Chimpanzeeshavea‘y-face’—agaexpression paniedbyapanting'ahah'noise---Q20.Inhumans,thesesignalshavemutatedintosandlaughs.Researchersbelievesocialsituations,ratherthancognitiveeventssuchasjokes,triggertheseinstinctualmarkersofyorappeasement.Peoplelaughonfairgroundridesorwhentickledtoflagaysituation,whethertheyfeelamusedornot.Bothsocialandcognitivetypesoflaughtertapintothesameexpressivemachineryinourbrains,theemotionandmotorcircuitsthatproducesandexcitedvocalizations.However,ifcognitivelaughteristheproductofmoregeneralthoughtprocesses,itshouldresultfrommoreexpansivebrainactivity.PsychologistVinodGoelinvestigatedhumorusingthenewtechniqueof'singleevent'functionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI).AnMRIscannerusesmagneticfieldsandradiowavestotrackthechangesinoxygenatedbloodthat panymentalactivity.Untilrecently,MRIscannersneededseveralminutesofactivityandsocouldnotbeusedtotrackrapidthoughtprocessessuchascomprehendingajoke.Newdevelopmentsnowallowhalf-second'snapshots'ofallsortsofreasoningandproblem-solvingactivities.AlthoughGoelfeltbeinginsideabrainscannerwashardlytheidealceforappreciatingajoke,hefoundevidencethatunderstandingajokeinvolvesawidespreadmentalshift.Hisscansshowedthatatthebeginningofajokethelistener'sprefrontalcortexlitup,particularlytherightprefrontalbelievedtobecriticalforproblem--Q21Buttherewasalsoactivityinthetemporallobesatthesideofthehead(consistentwithattemptstorousestoredknowledge)andinmanyotherbrainareas.---Q22Thenwhenthepunchlinearrived,anewareasprangtolife—theorbitalprefrontalcortex.ThispatchofbraintuckedbehindtheorbitsoftheeyesisassociatedwithevaluatingMakingarapidemotionalassessmentoftheeventsofthemomentisanextremelydemandingjobforthebrain,animalorhuman.---Q24Energyandarousallevelsmayneedtoberetunedintheblinkofaneye.Theseabruptchangeswillproduceeitherpositiveornegativefeelings.Theorbitalcortex,theregionthat esactiveinGoel'sexperiment,seemsthebestcandidateforthesitethatfeedssuchfeelingsintohigher-levelthoughtprocesses,withitscloseconnectionstothebrain'ssub-corticalarousalapparatusandcentresofmetaboliccontrol.Allwarm-bloodedanimalsmakeconstanttinyadjustmentsinarousalinresponsetoexternalevents,buthumans,whohavedevelopedamuchmorecomplicatedinternallifeasaresultoflanguage,respondemotionallynotonlytotheirsurroundings,buttotheirownthoughts.---Q25Wheneverasought-foranswersnapsintoce,thereisashudderofpleasedrecognition.Creativediscoverybeingpleasurable,humanshavelearnedtofindwaysofmilkingthisnaturalresponse.Thefactthatjokestapintoourgeneralevaluativemachineryexinswhythelinebetweenfunnyanddisgusting,orfunnyandfrightening,canbesofine.Whetherajokegivespleasureorpaindependsona 'soutlook.---Q26Humormaybealuxury,butthemechanismbehinditisnoevolutionaryaccident.AsPeterDerks,apsychologistatWilliamandMaryCollegeinVirginia,says:'Iliketothinkofhumourasthedistortedmirrorofthemind.It'screative,perceptual,yticalandlingual.Ifwecanfigureouthowthemindprocesseshumor,thenwe'llhaveaprettygoodhandleonhowitworksingeneral.'---Q27Questions14-DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassageInboxes14-20onyouranswersheet, ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthisArthurKoestlerconsideredlaughterbiologicallyimportantinseveral文中明 文中明 以是抵触型的ThewriterArthurKoestlerdubbedittheluxuryreflex:‘uniqueinthatitservesnoapparentbiologicalpurpose.作家亚瑟将它称为奢侈的反映：独特之处在于作家亚瑟将它称为奢侈的反映：独特之处在于 务于显著的生物目的tobelievedhumourtobeasignofabove-average NOT。补充：有的同学可能会因为看到a。补充：有的同学可能会因为看到adelightedfeelingofsuperiorityover 他人地优越感而带来地欢愉）而判断位TRUE的的 平均水平的智力。这在原文中并未提及Kantbelievedthatasuccessfuljokeinvolvesthecontrolledreleaseofnervous答案原文中的tension等同于energy，而safelypunctured等同于controlledrelease。KantandFreudfeltthatjoke- lingreliesonbuildingupapsychictensionwhichissafelypuncturedbytheludicrousnessofthepunchline.和和CurrentthinkingonhumourhaslargelyignoredAristotle’sviewonthe答案题目中的ignore和settleon决定这个观 了ButmostmodernhumortheoristshavesettledonsomeversionofAristotle'sbeliefthatjokesarebasedonareactiontoorresolutionofincongruity.但是最潮的幽默理论家解决了但是最潮的幽默理论家解决了 理论的几个版本即笑话是基于对不，ignore（GraemeRitchie’sworklinksjokestoartificialin答案atificialinligenceA.I.,其实是指机器可以具有理解语言GraemeRitchie,acomputationallinguistinEdinburgh,studiesthelinguisticstructureofjokesinordertounderstandnotonlyhumorbutlanguageunderstandingandreasoninginmachines.爱丁堡的计算机语言学爱丁堡的计算机语言学 研究了笑话的语言结构从而能够理解幽默同。补充：A.I.就是人工智能，但是还是机器，对应inmachine（用机器Mostcomediansuse alsituationsasasourceofNOTChimpanzeesmakeparticularnoiseswhentheyare答案Chimpanzeeshavea‘ y-face’—aga expression paniedbyapanting'ahah'noise.黑猩猩有一种游戏表情，把嘴张的大大的，同时发出“啊啊黑猩猩有一种游戏表情，把嘴张的大大的，同时发出“啊啊 Questions21-ThediagrambelowshowstheareasofthebrainactivatedbyLabletheChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes21-23onyouranswersheet.Rightprefrontalcortexlightsup-areaofbrainlinkedto21…problem答案problem问题要求填出rightprefrontalcortexHisscansshowedthatatthebeginningofajokethelistener'sprefrontalcortexlitup,particularlytherightprefrontalbelievedtobecriticalforproblemsolving.22………temporal eactive答案temporal题目中active对应文中的activity，实际上这道题目若能将题目中的tooalsoButtherewasalsoactivityinthetemporallobesatthesideofthehead(consistentwithattemptstorousestoredknowledge)andinmanyotherbrainareas.识的尝试相一致识的尝试相一致Orbitaolprefrontalcortexisactivated-involvedwith23…evaluating答案evaluating题目中的involvedwith相当于文中的associatedwithThenwhenthepunchlinearrived,anewareasprangtolife—theorbitalprefrontalcortex.Thispatchofbraintuckedbehindtheorbitsoftheeyesisassociatedwithevaluatinginformation.Questions24-CompleteeachsentencewiththecorrectendingA-GWritethecorrectletterA-Ginboxes24-27onyouranswerandandthenledourancestorsto’ssubjectiverelatetocopewithdifficultGreacttotheirownhelpedcreatelanguageinrespondinstantlytowhateveris mayprovidevaluableinformationabouttheoperationofthe24Oneofthebrain’smostdifficulttasksis答案Crespondinstantlytowhateverisextremelydemandingmostdifficultarapidemotionalassessment相当于respondinstantlyto.Makingarapidemotionalassessmentoftheeventsofthemomentisanextremelydemandingjobforthebrain,animalorhuman.25Becauseofthelanguagetheyhavedeveloped,答案Areacttotheirown第十段buthumans,whohave….buttotheirownthoughts.buthumans,whohavedevelopedamuchmorecomplicatedinternallifeasaresultoflanguage,respondemotionallynotonlytotheirsurroundings,buttotheirown26Individualresponses26Individualresponsesto答案Frelateto ’ssubjectiveoutlook指观点、观念，相当于答案中的subjectiveviewsWhetherajokegivespleasureorpaindependsona 's。补充：。补充：subjective观念27PeterDerksbelievesthat答案Dmayprovidevaluableinformationabouttheoperationofthe第十一段中ifwecanfigureout……itworksingeneral，其中mind相当于答案中的brain，works相当于operation。Ifwecanfigureouthowthemindprocesseshumor,thenwe'llhaveaprettygoodhandleonhowitworksingeneral.'READINGPASSAGEYoushouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions28-40,whicharebasedonReadingPassage3below.TheBirthofScientificWorldscienceisdominatedtodaybyasmallnumberoflanguages,includingJapanese,GermanandFrench,butitisEnglishwhichisprobablythemostpopulargloballanguageofscience.ThisisnotjustbecauseoftheimportanceofEnglish-speakingcountriessuchas

USAinscientificresearch;thescientistsofmanynon-English-speakingcountriesfindthattheyneedtowritetheirresearchpapersinEnglishtoreachawideinternationalaudience.GiventheprominenceofscientificEnglishtoday,itmayseemsurprisingthatnooneknewhowtowritescienceinEnglishbeforethe17thcentury.Beforethat,LatinwasregardedasthelinguafrancaforEuropeaninlectuals.---Q28TheEuropeanRenaissance(c.14th-16thcentury)issometimescalledthe'revivaloflearning',atimeofrenewedinterestinthe'lostknowledge'ofclassicaltimes.Atthesametime,however,scholarsalsobegantotestandextendthisknowledge.TheemergentnationstatesofEuropedevelopedcompetitiveinterestsinworldexplorationandthedevelopmentoftrade.Suchexpansion,whichwastotaketheEnglishlanguagewesttoAmericaandeastto ,wassupportedbyscientificdevelopmentssuchasthediscoveryofmagnetismandhencetheinventionofthecompassimprovementsincartography scientificrevolutionofthemall—thenewtheoriesofastronomyandthemovementoftheEarthinrelationtothe Copernicus(1473-1543).---Englandwasoneofthefirstcountrieswherescientistsadoptedandpublicized.Copernicanideaswithenthusiasm.Someofthesescholars,includingtwowithinterestsinlanguage—JohnWallisandJohnWilkins—helpedfoundtheRoyalSocietyin1660.inordertopromoteempiricalscientificresearch.---Q37AcrossEuropesimilaracademiesandsocietiesarose,creatingnewnationaltraditionsofscience.Intheinitial

ofthescientificrevolution,mostpublicationsinthenationallanguageswerepopularworks,encyclopaediaseducationaltextbooksandtranslations.OriginalsciencewasnotdoneinEnglishuntilthesecondhalfofthe17thcentury.Forexample,Newtonpublishedhismathematicaltreatise,knownasthePrincipia,inLatin,butpublishedhislaterworkonthepropertiesoflight—Opticks—inEnglish.---Q39TherewereseveralreasonswhyoriginalsciencetobewrittenintoLatin.Thefirstwassimplyamatterofaudience.Latinwassuitableforaninternationalaudienceofscholars,whereasEnglishreachedasociallywider,butmorelocal,audience.---Q40Hence,popularsciencewaswritteninEnglish.---AsecondreasonforwritinginLatinmay,perversely,havebeenaconcernforsecrecy.---Q28Openpublicationhaddangersinputtingintothepublicpreliminaryideaswhichhadnotyetbeenfullyexploitedbytheir'author'.Thisgrowingconcernaboutinlectualpropertyrightswasafeatureoftheperiod—itreflectedboththehumanistnotionoftheindividual,rationalscientistwhoinventsanddiscoversthroughprivateinlectuallabour,andthegrowingconnectionbetweenoriginalscienceandcommercialexploitation.Therewassomethingofasocialdistinctionbetween'scholarsandgentlemen'whounderstoodLatin,menoftradewholackedaclassicaleducation.Andinthemid-17thcenturyittokeeptheirdiscoveriesandproofssecret,bywritingthemincipher,inobscurelanguages,orinprivatemessagesdepositedinasealedboxwiththeRoyalSociety.SomescientistsmighthavefeltmorecomfortablewithLatinpreciselybecauseitsaudience,thoughinternational,wassociallyrestricted.DoctorsclungthemostkeenlytoLatinasan‘insiderlanguage’.---Q29AthirdreasonwhythewritingoforiginalscienceinEnglishwasdelayedmayhavebeentodowiththelinguisticinadequacyofEnglishintheearlymodernperiod.Englishwasnotwellequippedtodealwithscientificargument.Firstitlackedthenecessarytechnicalvocabulary.---Q30Second,itlackedthegrticalresourcesrequiredtorepresenttheworldinanobjectiveandim alway,andtodiscusstherelations,suchascauseandeffect,thatmightholdbetweencomplexandhypotheticalentities.Fortunay,severalmembersoftheRoyalsocietypossessedaninterestinLanguageandbecameengagedinvariouslinguisticprojects.---Q31&Q32Althoughaproposalin1664toestablishacommitteeforimprovingtheEnglishlanguagecametolittle,thesociety'smembersdidagreatdealtofosterthepublicationofscienceinEnglishandtoencouragethedevelopmentofasuitablewritingstyle.Manymembersof

RoyalSocietyalsopublishedmonographsinEnglish.OneofthefirstwasbyRobertHooke,thesociety'sfirstcuratorofexperiments,whodescribedhisexperimentswithmicroscopesinMicrographia(1665).Thisworkislargelynarrativeinstyle,basedonatranscriptoforaldemonstrationsandIn1665anewscientificjournal,PhilosophicalTransactions,wasinaugurated.PerhapsthefirstinternationalEnglish-languagescientificjournal,itencouragedanewgenreofscientificwriting,thatofshort,focusedaccountsofparticularexperiments.The17thcenturywasthusaformativeperiodintheestablishmentofscientificEnglish.InthefollowingcenturymuchofthismomentumwaslastasGermanestablisheditselfastheleadingEuropeanlanguageofscience.---Q33Itisestimatedthatbytheendofthe18thcentury401Germanscientificjournalshadbeenestablishedasopposedto96inFranceand50inEngland.However,inthe19thcenturyscientificEnglishagainenjoyedsubstantiallexicalgrowthastheindustrialrevolutioncreatedtheneedfornewtechnicalvocabulary,andnew,specialized,professionalsocietieswereinstitutedtopromoteandpublishinthenewdisciplines.---Q34Questions28-CompletetheInEurope,modernscienceemergedatthesametimeasthenationstate.Atfirstthescientificlanguageofchoiceremained28…Latin………….ItallowedscientiststocommunicatewithothersociallyprivilegedthinkerswhileprotectingtheirworkunwantedInEurope,modernscienceemergedatthesametimeasthenationstate.Atfirstthescientificlanguageofchoiceremained28…Latin………….Itallowedscientiststocommunicatewithothersociallyprivilegedthinkerswhileprotectingtheirworkunwanted答案Beforethat,LatinwasregardedasthelinguafrancaforEuropean 这道题目非常复杂涉及对原文三个段落的理解在首段末句作者提到了Beforethat,LatinwasregardedasthelinguafrancaforEuropean AsecondreasonforwritinginLatinmay,perversely,havebeenaconcernforSometimesthedesiretoprotectideasseemstohavebeenstrongerthanthedesiretocommunicatethem,particularlyinthecaseofmathematiciansand定位mathematicians定位mathematicians一词，题目意思是有时候保护个人观点 远远大于与 观点 ，空格需要一个表示职业的名词DoctorsclungthemostkeenlytoLatinasan‘insiderInBritain,moreover,scientistsworriedthatEnglishhadneitherthe30…technicalvocabulary…………northe ticalresources………toexpresstheir30&3130&31答案technicalvocabulary和 tical定位到第七段，找到first和second两个词，是并列关系，答案可以进而确定。Firstitlackedthenecessarytechnical y,severalmembersoftheRoyalsocietypossessedaninterestinLanguageThissituationonlychangedafter1660whenscientistsassociatedwiththe32…RoyalSociety………setaboutdeveloEnglish.Anearlyscientificjournalfosteredanewkindofwritingbasedonshortdescriptionsofspecificexperiments.答案Royal y,severalmembersoftheRo