Issue重点题目提纲

Issue重点题目提纲

作者：发烧2000

来源：太傻网

*1.Wecanusuallylearnmuchmorefrompeoplewhoseviewswe

sharethanfrompeoplewhoseviewscontradictourown;

disagreementcancausestressandinhibitlearning.[1]

*1.我们通常从与我们意见一致的人那里学到的东西比从与我们意见相悖的人

那里学到的东西要多得多；(因为)意见分歧会产生压力并阻碍学习。

[BEGIN:]Thespeakerassertsthatpeoplearealwayslearningmuchmore

fromthosewhoseideasareinaccordwiththem,while,thediscordalwayspose

detrimentaleffectstowardsthelearningprocess.Iconcedethattheundue

disagreementmaycausestressandinhibitlearning.However,listentothe

contradictingviewanddiscusseditwiththosedissidentswillprovidethe

controversialistwithmoreknowledgeandaboarderspectrumofperspective.

1、1、过分的分歧不好(Admittedly,undersomecircumstance,the

contradictingviewsmayimpedelearning.)

2、2、不同意见能够拓宽人们的视野，让人们了解不同的文化和思想(Though

thecontradictingviewshavecertainamountofadverseeffectstowardsthe

discussions,whiletheadvantagesfaroutweighthem.Hrstly,the

contradictingviewsmaygiveusachancetofocusourattentiontosome

alternativeperspectivesthatwehaveneverconsideredbefore.)

3、3、不同意见能够提高人们的认识并纠正错误(Secondly,abroadspectrum

ofopinionwhichisprovidedbythosecontradictingviewsenablesusto

improveourunderstanding.)

[END:]Insum,everyiconhastwosides,ontheoneaspect;oneshouldlisten

carefullytoandtoleratethosewhoholdcontradictingviews.Ontheother

aspect,oneshouldalsohavethecouragetodisagreeanddefendtherightto

disagree.Listeningtodifferentexplanationsofissueshelpusgetclosertothe

truthandmoreeasiercometothebestjudgment.Thankstothediversityof

thisworld,wenowenjoyamuchbroaderspectrumofopinionsthanever

before.

*4.Nofieldofstudycanadvancesignificantlyunlessoutsidersbring

theirknowledgeandexperiencetothatfieldofstudy.[2]

*4.在任何一个学术研究领域，除非有领域之外的人带来他们的知识和经验，

否则该领域就不能取得长足的进步。

[BEGIN:]Intoday'scomplexandrapidlychangingsociety,cooperation

betweenvariousfieldsofstudyhasbecomemoreandmoreimportant.

Comparedwiththeoldformofresearchthatengagedbyscientistsofsingle

field,theinterdisciplinaryresearchnotonlybringthenewmethodsandideas

intosomeolddisciplinesbutalsocausedtheemergenceofsomenewmixed

subjects,suchasgeophysics,intothisworld.

1、1、借鉴和利用别的学科的成果为本学科服务能够拓展传统学科的研究领

域，地质学和最先进的航天科技相结合，将领域扩展到研究宇宙中各个行星

的构造以及矿物成分，地层结构。新兴学科的产生：地球物理学：用物理学

的观点方法研究地球。(Throughassociatingwiththeoutsidersandtake

advantageoftheiremergenttechnologyandfruitions,thetraditional

disciplinescanexpandtheirsphereofresearchinginamuchbroader

scope.)

2、2、外部学科的思路和方法还能够为其他学科带来新思路和新方法，现代商

业经常借鉴。(Thecurrentperspectiveandmethodsinsomedisciplinescan

alsoprovidetheothersubjectswiththefreshperspectivesandideas.)

3、3、借助其他学科长期的积累知识和理论，能够使新兴学科具备较高的起点

(Nascentdisciplinescanalsogainamuchhigherstartpointbyborrowthe

completesystemsofknowledgefromtheclassicaldisciplineswhichhave

alreadyaccumulatedforalongperiod.)

[END:]Insum,referenceandexploitthefruitionsandachievementfromthe

outsidersisserveasthemainimputesofthemostdisciplinesineraof

globalization.,andtheassociationbetweenexpertsfromdifferentfieldscannot

onlyintroducedmorefreshapproaches,solutions,andevencreatednew

interdisciplinaryfieldsofstudybutalsowillhelphumanbeingstoextendtheir

researchfieldsintowiderrangeandgetbetterrecognitionofourlife.

*5.Anationshouldrequireallitsstudentstostudythesamenational

curriculumuntiltheyentercollegeratherthanallowschoolsin

differentpartsofthenationtodeterminewhichacademiccoursesto

offer.[3]

*5.一个国家应该要求所有的学生在进入大学之前都学习由国家统一制定的课

程，而不是允许由不同地区的学校去决定自己的教学课程。

[BEGIN:]Someexpertsgrantedtherightofselectingcurriculumtoschools

andthinkitwillfitthespecificdemandsforeveryschool,however,byclose

scrutinizingmostaspectsofthisproblem,onecanconcludethatadoptingthe

unifiednationalcurriculumcouldpossessmoreadvantagestothegrowingof

children.

1、1、向学生们灌输相同的价值观能够确保所有的学生都学到传统价值观念中

的优点(Introducingtheunifiednationalcurriculumsforallthestudentsmay

havecertainamountofpositiveeffectstotheentirenation.Frstofall,

inculcatingourstudentswiththecommongroundsandstandardssharedby

allthepersonsinthenationcanensureallofourstudentsbefavoredwith

theopportunitytolearnallmeritsofthetraditionalvaluesthathavebeen

createdandtestedforalongtimebyourancestors.)

2、2、集中了全国最著名的学者编撰的国家统一教材能够全面和高质量的满足

学生的需要，并使得他们能够站在相同的起跑线上。(Inaddition,compared

withtheparochialcurriculumwhichhasbeendeterminedbythelimited

teachersinthelocalarea,theunifiednationalcurriculumcanprovidethe

studentsinthedifferentpartofthenationwiththeequalopportunityto

receiveahighqualityofeducation.)

3、3、但是，therearetwosidesforeveryicon.统一的国家教材也有一些缺陷。

首先，对于某些特殊民族和地区，统一的国家教材可能难以满足他们的需要，

甚至可能破坏他们的传统习俗和生活方式(While,therearetwosidesfor

everyicon,theunifiednationalcurriculumalsoposecertainamountof

detrimentaleffects.Onthefirstplace,insomespecialregionswherelocal

personsmaypossesssomekindoftraditionsandcustomstotallydifferent

fromtherestofthenation,undulyemphasizetheapplicationofthenational

curriculummayruintheircultureandvaluesystem.)0其次，不禾U于教学仓

新(Onthesecondplace,thenationalcurriculumalsodeprivetheactivityof

thelocaleducatorstoseeksomeinnovationsontheselectionsand

determinationsofthecontendofthecurriculum.)

4、4、正确的对待国家教材的态度应当是，一方面，国家教材应当专注于基本

道德观念和原理的灌输，而其他的方面，比如能力培养等应当是由地方的政

府根据自身需要进行。(Overemphasizingeitherthenationalgovernmentor

theparochialleaders'roletowardsthedeterminationsofthenational

curriculummayfallsintoajeopardizesituations.Ontheonehand,the

nationalcurriculumshouldnotcoveralltheaspectsofthestudents'growth

butplacemorefocusonthefundamentalvaluesystemandmoralstandard.

Ontheotherhand,eachschoolshouldtrytheireffortstoinculcatethe

practicalfacultyforthestudentsaccordingthedetailpositionoftheirown.)

[END:]Thenationalcurriculumcanimportourstudentswiththebasicidea

andconceptaboutthisworld,includingthetraditionsofthenation,theproper

attitudetowardsemergentthings,andsoforth.However,theadverseeffectsof

thenationalcurriculumshouldalsobecompensatedbygivingtheadditional

courseaccordingtotheconcretesituations.Thetwinideasofprimary

education,preservationofthecultureandprepareforthefuture,havebeen

fuelledbytheassociationsofthenationalcurriculumandtheparochialcourse.

*7.Thevideocameraprovidessuchanaccurateandconvincing

recordofcontemporarylifethatithasbecomeamoreimportant

formofdocumentationthanwrittenrecords.[4]

*7.摄像机可以如此精确有力地记录当代人们的生活，因此它已经成为比纸笔

记录更重要的记录方式。

[BEGIN:]Though,theapplicationofvideocameraasthemeansofrecording

canprovidemoreaccurateandconvincingofcontemporarylife,itisstilltoo

gratuitoustoconcludethatthevideodocumentationwilltaketheplaceof

writtenrecordsinaforeseeablefuture.Besides,closescrutinyshowsthateach

ofthesetworecordingmethodshasitsadvantagesandfoibles,onlythrough

thecollaborationcangivethenextgenerationaperfectrecordofthehuman

history.

1>1、数码相机好。(Thevideodocumentation,astheresultofadvanceddigital

technology,introducesmanynewinnovationsintherecordingof

contemporarysocietyandpeople'slives.)首先，后代可以更清楚地了解以前

的事情(Firstofall,thevideocameramakesitpossiblefordescendantsto

learntheeventsmorevividanddirected.Peoplecanseewhathappenedby

themselvesratherthantoreadthestorywrittenbytheirancestorand

postulatethespectacleoftheevents.)此外，数码媒体占地更小。这些对于

文字来说都是未可能的(Allthisisimpossibleforwrittenrecords,people

havetousetheirwritingskillstorecordwhathesaw,andinmostofthe

cases,eachpersonhasdifferentdescriptionsaboutthesameevens,not

onlybecausethevariousliterarystyleoftheauthorsbutalsoforthe

differentstandpointforthesewritertomemories.)

2、2、文字媒体好(However,theshortcomingsofvideomediaalsomakeit

impossibletouseineverycircumstanceofrecording.Ontheonehand,the

videodocumentcanonlyappliedintherecordingoftherealevents,suchas

someaccidents.Itishardlytogivepeopleageneralsummaryandmore

detaildescriptionsofcertainissueinarelativelyshortperiod.)

3、3、最后，两者各有所长，还能取长补短：需要再现场景(scene)用照片-；

需要记录相关事实，挖掘内在含义，用文字；很多情况下，照片和文字结合

使用，图文并茂(thepictureanditsaccompanyingessayarebothexcellent)

才能完整的描述一件事情。

[END:]Insum,thevideodocumentshaveprovidedpeoplewithaninnovative

approachofrecordingandalsogivethedescendantstheopportunityto

retrospecttothepasteventsinamorevividway.Butwithoutthewritten

records,itisimpossibleforpeopletogainthegeneralspectrumabouthistory.

Sothesetwomediashouldcompensatewitheachother,onlyinthiswaycan

wepreservethecontemporarysocietyandpeople'slivesinacompletewayfor

ournextgeneration.

*8.Itisoftennecessary,evendesirable,forpoliticalleadersto

withholdinformationfromthepublic.[5]

*8.政治领导人在公众面前有所保留通常是必要的，甚至是有益的。

[BEGINE:]Inmostofthedemocraticnations,peoplehavetherighttoknow

anyinformationaboutthenationandtheleaders,while,undersome

circumstance,itisnecessaryforthegovernmenttowithholdsomeinformation

thatconcerningthenationalsecurityormayhampertheoverallinterestofthe

societywhenpublic.Closescrutinyshowsthatoverstateeithertheimportance

ofthepublictransparenceorthesignificanceofthegovernmenttowithhold

theinformationmayfallsintoanendangeredposition.

1、1、公开一些人们关心以及涉及到人们利益的信息，不光能够加强政府和人

们之间的交流，还可以促进人们积极执行政府的政策和决定。(Providingthe

citizenswiththeopportunityforlearningmostoftheinformationtheyneed

andconcernmaycontributethemanagementofthegovernmenttowards

theentiresociety.)首先，能促进人们和政府的了解，人民更支持政府并积

极执行政策；其次，能够吸引人民参政，为政府出点子，增强人们爱国心

(Makingtheinformationtransparentwillprovidemorebeneficialeffectsin

thedemocraticsociety.)

2、2、但是，过分的公开信息，尤其是涉及到国家安全的信息，会带来危害。

(However,someinformation,especiallythoseconcerningthesecurityofthe

nationandmayhavepotentialpossibilitytoleadsthejeopardizesituations,

shouldbewithholdbythegovernmentinordertomaintaintheorderofthe

entiresociety.)其外，对于政府的一些秘密计划，如果公开会毫无用处。

(secretproject)(Ifthegovernment'sstrategytothwartdeliberateplansof

theinternationalterroristoradrugtraffickerhasbeendisclosedbeforeit

hasbeenacted,nousefulpurposescanbeachieveultimately)

3、3、相反的，过度的隐瞒信息也会使得政府难以和群众取得沟通，并可能最

终破坏民主的根基(While,ontheotherhand,distributethegovernment

withtherightstofreelyconcealtheinformationmayalsoruinthe

philosophicalunderpinningsofthedemocraticclimate)

[END:]Insum,thoughpublishingmostoftheinformationtothecitizencan

notonlyencouragepublictopaythetaxbutalsoenableallthepeoplehavethe

opportunitytosupervisethemanagementofthegovernment,keepingsomeof

themessageconcerningournationalsecurityshouldbepermittedinorderto

maintainthenormalorderofoursociety.Onlyinthiswaycanwetakethesteps

towardsthefuturethriveofoursociety.

*10.Governmentsmustensurethattheirmajorcitiesreceivethe

financialsupporttheyneedinordertothrive,becauseitisprimarily

incitiesthatanation'sculturaltraditionsarepreservedand

generated.[6]

*10.政府必须确保给予主要城市发展所需的财政支持，因为一个国家的文化传

统主要发源于并保留在城市中。

lbpreserveandgenerateanation'sculturetraditionsisoneofthemajortasks

forthegovernment.Thedevelopmentofthecradleoftheculturevarious

considerably,somemaydevelopedascitiesandtheothersmayberemainedon

theruralarea.Inrecentyeas,withthetrendofglobalizationinthecityhas

becomemoreandmoremanifest,peopleshouldgivemoreattentiononthe

ruralareawheretheinfluenceoftheoutsidereffortshavemuchlessthanthe

city.

1、1、在当今的全球化时代，大城市更应当被看作是各个民族相互交流和了解

的舞台，而不是作为文明的发源地。尽管，各个民族的发源地并不相同，有

的在ruralarea有的则在大城市，但是大城市作为经济和政治发展的中心，

各个民族和文化都回汇聚于此，因此已经很难作为文明的发源地而予以保护

了。Intoday'sprocessofglobalization,thebigcitieshavenolongerbe

regardedasthebreedinggroundofthesingleformofthetraditionalculture,

buttheplatformwhichmakethedifferentculturespossibletounderstand

andcommunicatedoneanother.Foronething,theurbanareahasplayeda

muchlargerpartinthehumanworld.

2、2、相比之下，政府应当投入更多的精力和资金在ruralarea因为那里交通

相对落后，人们对外交流有限，所以能够保留相对完整的习俗和传统。此外，

那里的经济相对不发达，政府通过资助是那里的文明作为paradigm保留下

来，不光能够带动那里的经济，也能够将本国的文化延续下去。

3、3、Ruralarea和城市都应当在保留文明和传统中发挥重要作用。城市是舞

台，ruralarea是源头和保留地。欠发达地区是文化的源头，大城市是文化的

大海，两者都很重要：政府要从经济中心的角度去建设大城市，而不是直接

的物质援助；要从保护文化传统的角度去直接支援欠发达地区，并鼓励他们

走上大舞台O

11.Allnationsshouldhelpsupportthedevelopmentofaglobal

universitydesignedtoengagestudentsintheprocessofsolvingthe

world'smostpersistentsocialproblems.[7]

*11.所有的国家应共同支持建立一所全球性大学，让学生们参与到解决世界上

最持久、难以解决的社会问题的过程中。

Inrecentages,humancivilizationhasnotonlyachievedagreatimprovement

inmostofthefieldsbutalsogeneratednumeroussocietyproblems.Someof

theseproblemswouldmakeitimpossibleforhumanracetoliveinthisworldif

itwerenotsolvedassoonaspossible.So,thesuggestionofbuildingaglobal

universitydesignedtoengagestudentsintheprocessofsolvingthepersistent

socialproblemsisverymeaningfulandshouldbesupportedbyallthenations

intheworld.

第一.第一.世界各国尽管具体情况不同，但是存在很多共同的问题，共同探讨

很有价值：很多问题有相同的根源；比较研究；不同角度看问题找办法。

Aglobaluniversitycouldhelptosolvemutualproblemsthatdifferent

countryfacedandhelptofindacommongroundorreachaconsensus

inthehumanworld,e.g.pollution,thedepletionofatmosphericozone.

第二.第二.很多问题由于世界各国的看法不一致产生矛盾，共同研究利于增进

了解：文化冲突；环境污染；战争。Theglobaluniversityalsoprovides

differentnationswithaplatformthatcanlearnthedifferenceand

standpointofoneanother,andtherebycontributestothesolutionsand

mitigatingtheconflicts.

第三.第三.建立这样一所大学需要注意一些问题，才有利于产生真正有价值的

研究结果，为世界造福：相互尊重观点；保持客观的态度。While,thereare

twosidesforevericon,aglobaluniversityalsoposescertainriskswhich

mayexacerbatesomepressinginternationalproblems.(1)可能忽视地

方问题neglectingtheparochialproblems.(2)Someoftheproblemsin

theglobaluniversity,suchastheunfairlydistributionofthelimited

resource,mayeasilyspellsomediscordanceamongnations.

第四.第四.此外，全球性的大学还应当积极地吸收和听取各国的声音，尽可能

的减少政治上带来的影响Furthermore,theglobaluniversityalsoneeds

toheardifferentsoundandmakeeverynationpossibletogainaequal

opportunitytoparticipateinthesolutionsoftheproblemsandatthe

sametime,sharethemutualfruitionsoftheresearch.

*13.Manyoftheworld'slesser-knownlanguagesarebeinglostas

fewerandfewerpeoplespeakthem.Thegovernmentsofthe

countriesinwhichtheselanguagesarespokenshouldacttoprevent

suchlanguagesfrombecomingextinct.[8]

*13.许多世界上鲜为人知的语言由于越来越少的人使用正处于消失的边缘。使

用这些语言的国

家应该采取措施防止这些语言绝迹。

1、1、首先，进化论的观点来看，任何领域都存在thesurvivalofthefittest,

因此鲜为人知的语言的灭亡是必然过程。

2、2、但是，和生物界一样，人类社会同样需要保持多样性，首先，能够从语

言中看出文化和历史的痕迹，得到不同的文化和思想

3、3、不同民族的祖先的时间能够为后人提供借鉴，取其精华，去其糟粕

4、4、总之，对于那些语言确实具有历史文化方面的研究价值，政府应当支持

对于语言本身的研究和文献的保存，对于是否有很多人用这个问题，政府不

需要干预。需要进博物馆的就让它被好好的保存在博物馆供有兴趣的人研究

吧。

总结。

*16.Althoughmanypeoplethinkthattheluxuriesandconveniences

ofcontemporarylifeareentirelyharmless,infact,theyactually

preventpeoplefromdevelopingintotrulystrongandindependent

individuals.[9]

*16.尽管很多人认为现代生活的奢华和便利是丝毫没有坏处的，但是这实际上

让人们无法成为真正强大和独立的个体。

[BEGIN:]Therearetwosidestoeveryicon.Though,peopletendtodrawa

definiteconclusionaboutthisissue;bothadvantagesanddisadvantagesexert

aprofoundinfluenceintheevolutionofhumancivilization.

1>1、追求奢侈和舒适的生活是社会发展的动力之一。(Firstofall,noonecan

deny,intoday'seconomicworld,theattractionoftheluxuriesand

conveniencesofcontemporarylifeseveredasthemainmotivesformostof

theindividuals,especiallythosewhoareborninpoverty.)首先，奢侈和豪

华的生活能够提加人们想要的一切(Foronething,theluxuriouslife

providesyouwiththebestthatthetechnologicaladvancedsocietyhasto

offer.Chattingwithpeopleallaroundtheworldthroughtheinternet,

enjoyingtheentertainingshowonthetelevision,livingaleisurelifewithout

weariness,toachieveallthesecomfortsseemsimpossibletomostofthe

people,butthishasbecomeoneofthethingsthatalmostallthe

contemporaryindividualsarebusilyengagedinseeking.Allsortsofthe

conveniencesoftheluxuriouslifethatshowedbythosewhohavealready

possesssuchkindoflivingconditionwillalsoenticemoreandmorepeople

topursuetheiremploymentactivelyandtrytheireffortstoenhancethe

performanceintheirwork.Fromthisaspect,theconveniencesof

contemporarylifeareservedasacatalystfortheprogressofthesociety.)

2、2、奢侈的生活也有弊端，或让已经达到某个生活水准的人不思上进(The

adverseeffectsoftheluxuriouslifeintoday'ssocietyalwaysarethe

"counteractiveeffect"whichreducedtheenthusiasmofthosewhoattained

certainleveloflivingconditionstokeeptheirefforts.)就像糖一样，不光会

让你绝的快乐，还会使你过去觉得平常的事情觉得苦涩

3、3、尽管奢侈生活有弊端，但是通过政府的正确引导就一定会起到促进社会

发展的作用(Thoughtheluxuriouslifemay,tosomeextent,obstructthe

progressofhumanevolution,italsopossibletoprohibittheseadverse

effectsand,atthesametime,exploitthepositiveaspects,ifasetofproper

measureshavebeenintroducedbythegovernment.)

[END:]Insummary,theluxuriesandconveniencesofcontemporarylifetend

tospoilpeople,however,thepositiveadvantagealsocontributetotheprogress

ofoursociety.Sokeepingtheproperattitudesisbecomemoreandmore

importantinthedevelopmentoftheworld.Ifpeopleindulgedintheluxuries

andconveniencesoflife,theymayneveravailthemselvestoengagingany

pursuitinthesociety.

17.Therearetwotypesoflaws:justandunjust.Everyindividualina

societyhasaresponsibilitytoobeyjustlawsand,evenmore

importantly,todisobeyandresistunjustlaws.[10]

17.有两种法律：公正的和不公正的。社会中的每个人都有责任遵守公正的法

律，更重要的是，不遵守和抵制不公正的法律。

[BEGIN:]Theargumentthatpeopleinasocietyshouldobeyjustlawand

disobeyunjustlawseemsrelativelysound,whileafterconsideringtheintricate

definitionoflaw,thestatementaboveisoversimplifytheinfluenceofthelaw

uponthehumanworld.

1、1、首先，把法律归类为正义和非正义太过于简单(Firstofall,theitemsjust

andunjustaretoosimpletobeusedtocategorizethekindsoflawsbecause

somelawsmaynotbedefinedaseitherjustorunjust.)克隆、原子弹

2、2、法律并不彳象人们想象的那样是一成不变的(Thelawsshouldnotkeep

constant,asmanypeoplethink,onthecontrary,theyshouldbechallenged

andmendedintheprogressofsocialdevelopment.)

3、3、首先，正义的概念是随着传统和其他条件而变的(Inthefirstplace,the

item"just"isgoingtovarygreatlyaccordingtodifferenttraditions,costume

andotherconditions.)价宿观：堕胎abortion

4、4、同样的非正义也是随着因素而改变的(While,itispreciselythesame

whenitcomestotheunjustlaw.)时间：违抗政府的命令；电脑犯罪

(computercrime)

5、5、同样的过分强调人们遵守正义和抵制非正义的东西，也会造成一些问题

(Undulyemphasizingpeopletoresisttheunjustlawsalsospellcertainrisks.

Inthefirstplace,unjustlawsarenotconstantconceptbutmay)首先，阻

碍社会民主进程(Foronething,compellingallthepeopleunconditional

acceptandobeythejustlawsmayinsomesenseimpedetheprocessofthe

democracyinthenation.)其次，忽略了传统价值观念在社会中的作用(In

addition,itmayalsounderminethefundamentalinfluenceofthetraditional

valuesystemsuponthehumansociety.Asissooftenpointedoutthatthe

regulationsandlawsisjustamanifestationofthevalueandstandardofthe

humancivilizations.Inthisrespect,inculcatingpeoplewiththetraditional

valuesystemsarefarmoreimportantthancompelthemwithintheboundof

thelaw.)

[END:]Insummary,asoneofthecrucialelementsofmodernsociety,thelaws

havetobeservedastheguidanceforalmostallthecitizenstoliveandworkin

arightwayandalsoprovidethemwithastabilizedclimate.

*25.Anyonecanmakethingsbiggerandmorecomplex.What

requiresrealeffortandcourageistomoveintheopposite

direction-inotherwords,tomakethingsassimpleaspossible.[11]

*25.任何人都能把事情搞大搞复杂。（但是）需要真正努力和勇气的却恰恰相

反，也就是说把事情变得尽可能的简单。

随着科技的进步，更多因素在社会中发挥着作用，因此事情变得越来越复杂，而

使复杂的事情简单化成为解决问题的第一个步骤

Withthedevelopmentofthescienceandtechnology,moreelementshavebeen

introducedintothehumanaffairsandtherebymakethingsbecomemuchmore

intricatethaneverbefore.ThatisthereasonwhyIfundamentallyagreewith

theassertionthattomakethingsassimpleaspossibleisthefirststepfor

solvingmostproblems.

1.1.尽管相对而言，人们更愿意处理简单的问题，但是现在的许多事情往往

还是变得非常的复杂。首先，全球化的趋势使得单个人很难在科技发达的今

天完成任何事情。许多问题虽然是一个人解决的，但是它使用的各种工具以

及方法确实有许多他也许不认识的人创造出来的，比如一辆美国品牌的汽

车，他也许内部许多的零件会来自于日本或是中国的厂商制造的；其次，人

们之间的联系被互联网、电话等现代通信工具拉近了，这使得人际关系变得

更加的错综复杂，一件过去可能只牵扯到一个人的事，现在可能需要通过来

自不同国家的人那里才能够了解。（Intoday'stechnologicallyadvanced

society,thingshavebecomemuchmoreintricatethaneverbeforewhether

atrealmsofbusiness,politicsandpeople'slives.Withrespecttothe

developmentofthebusinessfield,tocollaboratethenewachievementand

updatedtechnologyintotheproductsasmuchaspossibleserveasoneof

theprimaryapproachestoattractthefocusofthecustomersandthereby

gainarelativelybiggermarketsharethantheircompetitors.

2.2.事情越来越复杂的趋势，使得人们不得不想办法简化复杂的事情。比如

说，许多复杂的重复性劳动，现在已经开始使用由电脑控制的机器人取代了。

这样不光能够降低劳动的成本，同时也能够有效避免由于人们的疏忽造成的

不必要的损失。同样的，在法庭上，法官也更乐于借鉴过去相似案件的审判

结果，而不是全部都重新进行一系列的分析和判断工作。While,things,with

itsevergrowingcomplexity,demonstrateanewtendency,moreandmore

personsbegantotrytheireffortstosimplifymostthematterstheyface.

3.3.尽管许多具有上百年历史的学科，在经历了漫长的从简单到复杂的发展

之后，现在已经发展成为包含多个分支，而且异常复杂的庞大学科，而单独

的一个科学家们也不可能获得全部的这些知识，相反，大多数科学家都专注

于一个或少数儿个领域进行研究。因此，尽管许多事情变的越来越复杂，科

学家们却不断在自己的领域内将这些复杂的知识进行着简化。

4.4.事情变得越来越复杂并非坏事，这只是科技发展的必然结果，而且更标

志着人类的所创造和积累的知识已经超越了人类大脑的极限。相比之下，在

维多利亚时代的诸多既精通数学，又精通物理和天文学的科学家们已经逐渐

从地球上消失了，但是人类创造和积累知识速度确实越来越快，为了能够沿

用我们祖先创造出来的，用来能够解决简单事情的方法，人们比以往任何时

候都更具备简化复杂事物的能力和需要。

总之，人类积累和创造的知识越多，就越需要能够讲事情简化的人，只有如此，

我们才可以用我们祖先使用的方法来解决现在的问题。

26.Mostpeoplewouldagreethatbuildingsrepresentavaluable

recordofanysociety'spast,butcontroversyariseswhenold

buildingsstandongroundthatmodernplannersfeelcouldbebetter

usedformodernpurposes.Insuchsituations,moderndevelopment

shouldbegivenprecedenceoverthepreservationofhistoric

buildingssothatcontemporaryneedscanbeserved.[12]

*26.大多数人都同意建筑是任何一个社会历史的重要记录，但当现代城市的规

划者觉得这些以前的建筑所占据的土地用于现在的开发可以更有价值的时候，

争议就产生了。在这样的情况下，现代发展应该比保留历史建筑优先考虑，以

便于满足眼下的需求。

Withthedevelopmentofhumansociety,thecontroversyrosefromthegap

betweentheoldbuildingandthenewonehasattractmoreandmore

attentions.Somepersonsarguethatthelandthathasbeentakenforthe

historicbuildingshouldbebetterusedformodernpurpose.Whileothersinsist

thattheoldbuildinghavegreatmeaningtohumanraceandshouldalsoplays

ancertainroleintheprogressofmodernsociety.Oneofthebestwaysto

solvingthiscontroversyistoconstructabalancebetweenthepreservationof

historicbuildingandthedevelopmentofmodernworld.

历史建筑和现代建筑之间的矛盾是人类发展的必然产物。

1、与过去的实际用途相比较，历史建筑在现代社会的主要作用是作为活的教科

书，它不光能够帮助人们重建过去的记忆，同时也能够使得年轻人更清晰的认识

历史Comparedwiththerealisticuseinthepast,thehistoricarchitectureshave

demonstratedtwoimportantrolesinthemodernsociety.Oneistheresearch

objectsforthehistoriansinordertoreconstructthesceneofthepastand

findingthetruthabouttheoldevents.Someofthebuildinginthepasthave

playsacrucialroleintheeventsthatmayhaveprofoundeffectintheevolution

ofhumansociety.Theotheristhevividhistorictextbooksthatmayhelppeople,

especiallythedescendents,toremindthelessonsandexperiencethatthe

ancestorshavehad.Asthewitnessofthehistoricevents,theoldbuildingshave

beenreckonedastherecorderofhumanhistoryandcanhelphumanbeingsto

maintaintheircivilizationinthelongrun.

2、