2018年高考英语二轮复习与增分策略 专题一 阅读理解 第三节 题组练习 6 社会文化

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精PAGE8学必求其心得，业必贵于专精PAGE第三节题组练习A(2017·第三次全国大联考）AskanyAmericanwhathe/sheisdoingonSunday，February7andtheanswerislikelytobeeitherhostingorattendingaSuperBowlParty.PlayedforthetitleoftheNationalFootballLeagueChampion，SuperBowlisthemostwatchedannualtelevisionprogramintheUnitedStates.That’sbecauseSuperBowlwhichiscelebratingitsGoldenAnniversarythisyear，ismorethanjusta60-minutefootballgame—itisawell-designedproductionthatfeatureshalf-timeperformances，fireworksshowsandtelevisionadsthatpeoplediscussfordays.Butmostimportantofall，itisthedaytosetasidealldietsandenjoyfoodsonewouldnormallyavoidoratleastnotconsumeatthesametime.Itshould，therefore，comeasnosurprisethatSuperBowlSundayisoneofthebiggestfoodconsumptiondaysintheUS—secondonlytoThanksgiving。Thenoshingwillstartearlyintheday,longbeforematchesbeginandcontinuelongafterthe2016NFLChampionshaveretiredtocelebrate.Asaresult,itisestimatedthatonSunday，thenationwillconsume1.2millionpoundsofpotatochips，8。2millionpoundsoftortillachips,3.8millionpoundsofpopcornand3millionpoundsofnuts.Whentherealhungerpainsstarttohit，theywillseekoutcomfortfoods。Notsurprisingly,pizzatopsthelist。Chickenwingsarealsoverypopular.Itisestimatedthatalmost1.3billionwingswillbeconsumedonSuperBowlSunday。Otherfavoritesincludebacon，hotdogsandburgers.Butthefoodconsumptionisnotwithoutconsequences.Datareleasedindicatesthatantacid(解酸药）salesincreaseby20%ontheMondayfollowingthebiggame.Additionally，oversevenmillionAmericanscallinsick。ItisnowonderthatfanshavebeenurgingthegovernmenttodeclareSuperBowlMondayaholiday。语篇解读一年一度的美国超级橄榄球杯大赛不仅是全美收视率最高的电视节目，而且超级碗星期天也是美国单日食品消费量最高的节日之一，食品消费量仅次于感恩节.1．WhydoesSuperBowlbecomethemostpopulartelevisionprogram?A．Itisthelongestfootballgame。B．Itishostedbyfamousfilmstars.C．Itcontainsthemostwonderfulads.D．Itinvolvesvariousperformances。答案D解析细节理解题。由第二段中的“itisawell—designedproductionthatfeatureshalf—timeperformances，fireworksshowsandtelevisionadsthatpeoplediscussfordays”可知选D.2．Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“noshing”inParagraph4?A．Playing. B．Eating。C．Competing. D．Resting.答案B解析词义猜测题。前后段均介绍在超级橄榄球杯大赛期间食品的消费情况，由此判断选B.3．Whichcomfortfoodisconsumedthemost?A．Hotdogs. B．Pizza.C．Nuts。 D．Chickenwings。答案B解析细节理解题。根据第六段前两句“Whentherealhungerpainsstarttohit，theywillseekoutcomfortfoods。Notsurprisingly，pizzatopsthelist.”可知选B。4．WhatbadresultmightSuperBowlSundayleadto?A．Lotsoffoodiswasted.B．Publicdisorderiscaused.C．Somepeoplehaveanupsetstomach.D．Manypeoplelosetheirwork.答案C解析推理判断题.根据末段中“Datareleasedindicatesthatantacid(解酸药)salesincreaseby20%ontheMondayfollowingthebiggame.Additionally，oversevenmillionAmericanscallinsick.”可知人们会因为毫无顾忌地大吃大喝而生病。故选C。B（2017·福建师大附中期中）Thewalletisheadingforextinction.Asaday—to—dayessential，itwilldieoffwiththegenerationwhoreadprintnewspapers.Thekindofshopping，whereyouhandovernotesandcountoutchangeinreturn，nowhappensonlyinthemostminorofourretailers(零售商）,likebuyingabarofchocolateorapintofmilkfromacornershop.Attheshopswhereyouspendanyrealmoney,thatmoneyisincreasinglyabstracted。Andthisismoreandmoretrue，thehigherupthescaleyougo.Atthemostcutting-edge（前沿的)retailstores,VictoriaBeckhamonDoverStreet,forinstance，youdon’tgoandstandatanykindofcashregisterwhenyoudecidetopay。ThestaffareequippedwithiPadstotakeyourpaymentwhileyourelaxonasofa。Acrosssociety，theabstractionoftheideaofcashmakesmeuneasy。MaybeI’mjustold-fashioned.Butearningmoneyisn’tquickoreasyformostofus。Isn’titabitweird(怪异）thatspendingitshouldhappeninhalfablink(眨眼)ofaneye？Doesn’tawallet—thattime—honoredFriday—nightfeelingofpleasing,promisingfatness-representsomethingthatmatters？ButI'llleavetheeconomicstotheexperts。Whatbothersmeaboutthedeathofthewalletisthechangeitrepresentsinourphysicalenvironment.Everythingaboutthelookandfeelofawallet，thewaythematerialswearandtearandloosenwithage，theplasticandpaperandgoldandsilver,andhandwrittenphonenumbersandprintedcinematickets，istheveryoppositeofwhatourworldisbecoming.TheoppositeofawalletisasmartphoneoraniPad。Theroundededges，coolglass，smoothandunknowableasapebble（鹅卵石)．Insteadofdiggingthroughpiecesofpaper，wemoveourfingersleftandright。Nomorecountingoutcoins。Showyourwallet，ifyoustillhaveone。Itmaynotbeheremuchlonger.语篇解读文章叙述了现代社会，人们的支付方式逐步电子化，传统的钱包正走向消失。作者对于这种现象所代表的社会发展趋势感到不安。5．Whatishappeningtothewallet？A．Itisdisappearing.B．Itisbecomingcostly。C．Itisbeingfattened.D．Itischanginginstyle.答案A解析细节理解题。由文章首句“Thewalletisheadingforextinction。”可知，钱包正在消失。故选A。6．Whatmakestheauthorfeeluncomfortablenowadays？A．Savingmoneyisbecomingathingofthepast.B．ThepleasingFriday—nightfeelingisfading.C．Spendingmoneyissofastandeasy。D．Earningmoneyisgettingmoredifficult.答案C解析细节理解题。由文章第二段前四句可知,金钱概念的抽象化使作者不安，挣钱不容易但在瞬间就会花掉很多钱。故选C。7．Whatcanweinferfromthepassageabouttheauthor？A．Heisresistanttosocialchanges.B．Heisagainsttechnologicalprogress.C．Hewantstosaygoodbyetothetraditionalwallet.D．Hefeelsinsecureintheever—changingmodernworld。答案D解析推理判断题。本文主要叙述了传统的钱包在消失，人们的支付方式在发生巨大的变化，作者对于不断改变的社会感到不安。故选D项。C(2017·贵州遵义航天高级中学五模）EveryyearinAmerica,high—schoolstudentswhowanttogotocollegetakeanationalexaminationcalledtheScholasticAptitudeTest,orSATinashortenedway.Theirscoreisanimportantfactorindeterminingwhichcollegeswilladmitthemorwhetheranywillbeadmittedatall.TheScholasticAptitudeTestmeasuresone’smathematicalabilityanduseoftheEnglishlanguage。Traditionally，theEnglishpartinvolvedgrammaticalquestionsandparagraphsthattestreadingcomprehension。ButtheSATfolkshaveaddedasinglequestion,tobeansweredinanessay，hand-writtenonthespot。That’saninterestingwaytotestwritingability,butcontentaside，haveyoueverseenyoungpeople’shandwritinglately?Oranyone’sforthatmatter，inthisageofcomputerkeyboards?Studentswritenumbersandsigntheirnamesonbankchecks.Theyscribbleclassnotesinwhatcangenerouslybedescribedasthewrittenword.Yettoday’skidsareaskedtowrite，thoughtfullyandclearly，forseveralminutesonthisSATTest。Goodlucktothetextscorerswhomustworkoutdifficultlythescrawl（潦草的字迹）ofyoungpeoplewho’vebeentypingoncomputerssincetheageofthree！Teachersinsistthatgoodhandwritingcannotonlyhelpone’sscoreontheSAT，butalso，lateroninlife，impresspotentialemployers。Anddon’tforget，weallhavetoturntohandwritingfromtimetotime,ascomputersgodownwhenpowergoesout.Thenhowtoimprovethehandwriting？Well，withafewsimplestepsyoucanimproveyourhandwriting.Positionthepen。Youshouldholdthepenbetweentheforefingerandthethumb，thenrestitnearthefirstknuckle（指节）ofthemiddlefinger.Therestofyourfingersshouldbecurled(卷曲)underyourhandandyourhandshouldremainrelaxed。Evaluateyourwriting。Makechangestoyourletterstillyoulikehowtheylook。Takeyourtime.Speedisboundtomakeyourwritingmessy-looking。Practice.Practiceitalot；it'snotenoughtodoitonceandhopeforthebest。Ithastobesomethingyouworkattomakegreatimprovements。语篇解读文章由SAT考试增加书面表达，引入话题-—当前学生不注重书写.此项改革旨在让学生改掉书写潦草的坏习惯。

8．Theunderlinedword“scribble”inParagraph2probablymeans“"．A．writequicklyandroughlyB．typesimplyandcorrectlyC．paintclearlyandneatlyD．describeproperlyandwell答案A解析词义猜测题。由“.。.haveyoueverseenyoungpeople’shandwritinglately？Oranyone'sforthatmatter，inthisageofcomputerkeyboards？Studentswritenumbersandsigntheirnamesonbankchecks。”可推知学生在课堂上记笔记非常潦草。故选A.9．AccordingtoParagraph3，studentswithgoodhandwritingskill。A．canpasstheSATB．candevelopgoodcharactersC．canimpresstheirclassmatesD．cangetmorejobopportunities答案D解析细节理解题.由该段第三句“Teachersinsistthatgoodhandwritingcannotonlyhelpone’sscoreontheSAT，butalso,lateroninlife，impresspotentialemployers。”可知选D。10．Whichofthefollowingshouldyouavoidwhenimprovingyourhandwriting？A．Practicingwritingalot.B．Writingasfastasyoucan.C．Relaxingyourhandwhenholdingthepen。D．Changingyourletterstillyoulikehowtheylook.答案B解析细节理解题.根据最后四段的内容可知B项是书写时应该避免的。故选B。11．Thetextistopresentthefactthat。A．writingseemstobeveryimportantintheSATB．thosewhowillgotocollegehavetotaketheSATC．studentsshouldpracticehandwritingmoreoftenD．kidsdon’tknowhowtowriteinthecomputerage答案C解析推理判断题。文章由SAT考试增加书面表达，引入话题——当前学生不注重书写。此项改革旨在让学生改掉书写潦草的坏习惯。故选C.D（2017·贵州遵义航天高级中学四模)Fightingracialstereotypes（模式化）onUScampusesoftenbeginsbyputtingstudentsofdifferentethnicbackgroundstogether—underonedormitoryroof.SamBoakyewasafreshmanatOhioStateUniversityandtheonlyblackstudentonhisfloor.Hewasdeterminedtogetgoodgrades—inparttomakesurehiswhiteroommatehadnobasisfornegativeracialviews.“You'repushedtodobetter，tochallengethestereotypethatblackpeoplearenotthatsmart，”hetoldtheNewYorkTimes.Severalrecentstudieshavefoundthathavingaroommateofadifferentracecanreduceprejudice（偏见）,diversify(使多样化)friendshipsandevenpromotestudents’academicperformance.InastudybyOhioStatepsychologyprofessorRussellFazio,blackfreshmenwhocametocollegewithhightestscoresearnedbettergradesiftheyhadawhiteroommate—eveniftheroommate’stestscoreswerelow。AnotherstudyonstudentinteractionbyDukeUniversitysuggeststhatfreshmenwithroommatesofadifferentracewerethemostlikelytodiversifytheirfriendships。“Justhavingdiversityinclassroomsdoesn’tdoanythingtoincreaseinterracialfriendships，"saidClaudiaBuchman，anauthoroftheDukestudy。“Butlivingtogetherwithadifferent—raceroommatedoesleadtomoreinterracialfriendships.”Thereare,however，someproblemswithsuchroomassignments.Fazio’sstudyfoundthatthreetimesasmanyrandomly(随机地)assignedinterracialroommatesweren’tlivingtogetherattheendofthesemester，comparedwithwhiteroommates.Interracialroommatesalsospentlesstimetogether，hadfewerjointactivitiesandwerelessinvolvedwitheachother’sfriendsthanwhitepairs。AsforBoakye,thisisnotthecase。“Alotofwhitestudentscomewithoutmuchexposure(暴露)todiversity,sowhentheirfirstinteractionwithablackguyisn’tbad，theywillmakemoreblackfriends.IthinkImadeagoodimpressiononmyfreshmanroommate。Isawhimthisyear，andhesaid，‘Heydude，you’renottheonlyblackfriendIhave.'Thatfeltgood。”语篇解读美国大学校园为了抵制种族模式化，专门把不同种族文化背景的人放在同一个寝室里，这样做经过研究后发现利大于弊。12．HavingaroommateofadifferentracecanhavethefollowingbenefitsEXCEPT。A．makingmorefriendsB．reducingprejudiceC．earningbettergradesD．improvingphysicalhealth答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二、三段的描述可知A、B、C三项都有提及，唯一没提到的是D项。故选D.13．SamBoakyewasdeterminedtogetgoodgradespartlybecause.A．hewantedtoprovehewasasmartboyB．heintendedtopleasehisparentsC．hewishedtoearnthescholarshipD．hewantedtoshowblackpeopleareassmartaswhitepeople答案D解析推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“‘You’repushedtodobetter,tochallengethestereotypethatblackpeoplearenotthatsmart,’hetoldtheNewYorkTimes。”可知他是想证明他跟白人一样聪明。故选D.14．WecanconcludethatBoakye。A．gotalongwellwithhiswhiteroommateB．sharedfewerjointactivitieswithhiswhiteroommateC．hadanegativeattitudetowardshiswhiteroommateD．isstilllivingtogetherwithhisfreshmanwhiteroommate答案A解析推理判断题.根据最后一段中的“IthinkImadeagoodimpressiononmyfreshmanroommate.Isawhimthisyear，andhesaid，‘Heydude，you’renottheonlyblackfriendIhave。'Thatfeltgood.”可知，他跟室友相处得很好。故选A。15．The4thparagraphismainlyabout。A．theinterracialfriendshipB．someproblemswithhavinganinterracialroommateC．somecommentsontheinterracialroommatesD．theinteractionbetweentheblackstudentandthewhitestudent答案B解析段落大意题。该段主要是讲不同种族文化的学生在一个寝室产生的问题。故选B.Ⅰ.单词梳理1．HespeaksEnglishasthoughhewereanAmerican(America)．2．Industryandagriculturearethetwoimportantsectorsofthenational（nation)economy.3．Thehotelhadagrandcelebration（celebrate）foritsopening。4．Proposaliseasierthanperformance(perform)．5．Thepatientbegantobreathenormally(normal）．6．Shegavethelidafewtapstoloosen(loose）it.7．I’veaskedhimtoshorten(short）mytrousers.8．Shehasth