2024届高考一轮复习英语学案（人教版）Unit2MoralsandVirtues

Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．moraladj.道德的；道义上的n．品行；道德；寓意2．dilemman．进退两难的境地；困境3．moraldilemma道德困境4．entrustvt.委托；交付5．tuitionn．(小组)教学；讲课6．tuitionfees学费7．physiciann．医师；(尤指)内科医生8．residentphysician住院医师9．colleaguen．同事；同僚10．farawayadj.遥远的11．kindergartenn．学前班；幼儿园12．insurancen．保险；保险业13．importn．进口；进口商品vt.进口；输入；引进14．exportn．出口；出口商品vt.出口；输出；传播15．polen．(行星的)极；地极16．lapn．(坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈17．cafén．咖啡馆；小餐馆18．waitressn．(餐馆的)女服务员；女侍者19．pregnantadj.怀孕的；妊娠的20．disguisevt.装扮；假扮；掩盖n．伪装；化装用具21．maplen．枫树；槭树22．cartn．手推车；运货马车23．spillvt.&vi.(spilt/spilled，spilt/spilled)(使)洒出；(使)溢出24．mightn．力量；威力25．fablen．寓言；寓言故事Ⅱ.记重点单词1．virtuen．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质2．faintvi.昏倒；晕厥adj.不清楚的；微弱的3．illustratevt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图4．preciousadj.珍稀的；宝贵的5．feen．专业服务费；报酬6．unionn．协会；联合会；工会7．hirevt.聘任；雇用；租用n．租借；租用8．clinicn．诊所；门诊部9．decaden．十年；十年期10．elsewhereadv.在别处；去别处11．publishvt.发表(作品)；出版12．staffn．员工；全体职员13．principlen．道德原则；法则；原则14．passiveadj.被动的；顺从的15．whispervi.&vt.悄声说；耳语；低语n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传16．midnightn．子夜；午夜17．bitevt.&vi.(bit，bitten)咬；叮；蜇n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤18．lipn．嘴唇19．chairmann．主席；主持人；董事长20．chainn．一连串(人或事)；链子；链条21．limpvi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走22．tearn．眼泪；泪水23．despairn．绝望vi.绝望；感到无望24．courtn．(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭25．incomen．收入；收益26．perprep.每；每一27．thereforeadv.因此；所以Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．marriagen．结婚；婚姻→marryv．(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶2．majorityn．大部分；大多数→majoradj.主要的vi.主修n．主修课程；少校3．complainvi.&vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaintn．抱怨；投诉4．respondvt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应→responsen．反应；回答；回复5．scholarshipn．奖学金→scholarn．学者6．rejectvt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejectionn．拒绝接受；否决7．appointvt.任命；委派→appointmentn．约会；任命；委任→appointedadj.约定的；指定的8．electvt.选举；推选→electionn．选举；推选；当选9．tendvt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于→tendencyn．趋势；趋向10．retirevt.&vi.退休；退职；退出→retirementn．退休→retiredadj.退休的11．savingn．节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款→savevt.救；节省；储蓄12．scaredadj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scarevt.惊吓；使害怕vi.受惊吓→scaryadj.吓人的；恐怖的13．sharpadj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的→sharplyadv.急剧地；严厉地→sharpenvt.削尖；磨快；使提高14．energeticadj.精力充沛的；充满活力的→energyn．精力；活力；能量15．replacevt.接替；取代；更换→replacementn．更换；更替；替换的人/物16．accidentn．事故；车祸；失事→accidentaladj.意外的；偶然的→accidentallyadv.偶然地17．operationn．手术；企业；经营→operatevt.&vi.做手术；经营；操作；运转→operatorn．操作员；接线员；经营者18．assistvt.帮助；援助→assistantn．助理；助手→assistancen．帮助；援助19．memoryn．记忆力；回忆→memoriz(s)evt.记住；记忆20．harmn．&vt.伤害；损害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmfullyadv.有害地→harmlessadj.无害的21．flexibleadj.灵活的；可变通的→flexiblyadv.灵活地→flexibilityn．灵活性22．tensionn．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑→tenseadj.紧张的；(尤指肌肉、身体)拉紧的n．(动词的)时态1．compulsoryadj.义务的；强制的2．condemnvt.谴责；使注定3．conflictvt.冲突；抵触n．冲突；矛盾4．consciousadj.神志清醒的；有意识的5．consequencen．结果；后果6．conservativeadj.保守的；守旧的7．considerateadj.体贴的；考虑周到的8．consistentadj.一贯的；一致的Ⅳ.背核心短语1．carrysbthroughsth帮助某人渡过难关2．tendtodosth易于做某事；往往会发生某事3．firstaid急救4．passaway去世5．inmemoryof作为对……的纪念6．tripover被……绊倒7．intears流着泪；含着泪8．indespair处于绝望中9．agreatdeal(of)大量10．choosetodosth选择做某事11．carefor喜欢；照顾12．succeedindoingsth成功地做某事13．beresponsiblefor为……负责14．makeanattempttodosth尝试做某事；努力做某事Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife...(“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义)对一个人来说，生命是最宝贵的……2．SheimmediatelybecamethefirstwomanevertobehiredasaresidentphysicianintheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.(the＋序数词＋n.＋todo)她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。3．ThoughLinQiaozhinevermarried，shewasknownasthe“motheroftenthousandbabies”，havingdeliveredover50,000babiesinherlifetime.(havingdone作状语)虽然林巧稚终身未婚，但是她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。4．DrLindidnotretireuntilthedayshedied,22April1983.(not...until)林医生坚守在岗位上，直到1983年4月22日她去世的那一天。5．Nothinggoodcancometoanationwhosepeopleonlycomplainandexpectotherstosolvetheirproblems.(whose引导的定语从句)如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，而且总是期待别人来解决他们的问题，那么这个国家就不会有什么好事。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。eq\x(complain，scare，whisper，reject，precious，despair，replace)LiHua，anenergeticmedicalstudent，waswalkingbyakindergartenwhenanaccidentpregnantwomantrippedoverandfainted.Seeingthis，herfirstresponsewastoconductfirstaid，butapasser-by1.whisperedtoher“Thinktwice.”Shewasinamoraldilemma.Afterashorthesitation，shechosetosendthewomantoaclinic.Aphysicianwhohadjustretiredcametoassist，plainedaboutthisforfearofablackmail(讹诈)．LiHuabecame3.scared.Shehadnoincome，savingsorinsurance.Whatifthewomanaskedherforagreatdealofmoney?Maybeshecouldearntuitionfeesorworkasawaitressinanearbycaf．Herscholarshipmightalsochainofterriblethoughtsflashingthroughhermind，shewasalmostin4.despair，andthereforecouldnotsleepuntilmidnight.Herfather’swordscarriedherthroughthehardtime.“Patientstendtoentrustadoctorwithlifeandadoctorwillsaveapatientwithallthemight.Whatis5.morepreciousthanlife?Howcanyou6.rejectyourdutyandignoreyourprinciples？”Thefollowingday，shefoundthepregnantwoman’shusbandwaitinginherthankedLiHuaagainandagainintears.Atlast，hertension7.wasreplacedwith，LiHuawashiredbyahospitalandacceptedbyhercolleagues，shewasabletoperformoperationsinawonderfuldecadelater，shewasappointedtobechairwomanofthehospitalunion.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇respondvt.回答；回复vi.回答；响应；做出反应；回应(responsen．回答；回复；反应)•respondto对……做出回应或反应；答复•inresponseto对……的答复；对……做出反应makea/noresponseto对……做出回应/不予回答(1)Shemadenoresponse(respond)totheprinciple，whichmademeboilwithanger.(2)作为对您投诉信的回应，我做出以下承诺。Inresponsetoyourletterofcomplaint，Imadethefollowingpromises.(3)每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)EverytimeIaskedhimforadvice，hewouldrespondto/makearesponsetomeimmediately.appointvt.任命；委派(appointmentn．约会；任命；预约；委任appointedadj.约定的；指定的)•appointsbas/tobe...任命某人为……appointsbtodosth委派某人做某事•make/haveanappointment(withsb)(与某人)约会/预约(1)Ihavesomethingurgenttohandleandtherefore，Ihavetocanceltheappointment(appoint)withyou，andIwillappointmybrothertomeet(meet)youattheairport.(2)得知你已被任命为学生会主席，我真诚地祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信)Learningthatyouhavebeenappointedas/tobechairmanoftheStudentAssociation，Isincerelycongratulateyou.(3)由于已经和牙医预约，我非常抱歉不能在约定的时间陪你去书店了。(2021·北京，书面表达)BecauseIhavemade/hadanappointmentwiththedentist，Iamterriblysorryfornotaccompanyingyoutothebookshopattheappointedtime.→Havingmade/hadanappointmentwiththedentist，Iamterriblysorryfornotaccompanyingyoutothebookshopattheappointedtime.(用havingdone作状语改写)scarevt.惊吓；使害怕vi.受惊吓(scaredadj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的scaryadj.吓人的；恐怖的)•bescaredtodosth害怕/不敢做某事bescaredofsb/sth害怕某人/某事bescaredtodeath吓得要死•scaresbintodoingsth恐吓某人做某事(1)Afterwatchingascary(scare)filminthecinema，shewasscaredofwalkinghomealoneandtherefore，shecalledataxi.(2)她被老虎的吼声吓得蜷缩在一棵大树旁，心怦怦直跳。Shewasscaredintocrouchingbesideabigtreebytheshoutsoftigers，withherheartpounding.(3)当我意识到那头熊要回来攻击我们的时候，我几乎要吓死了。(2020·浙江7月，读后续写)WhenIrealizedthatthebearwascomingbacktoattackus，Iwasnearlyscaredtodeath.(4)我胆怯地低着头，不敢看爸爸那张阴云密布的脸。(读后续写之心理描写)Ibowedmyheadtimidlyandwasscaredtolookatmyfather’scloudyface.assistvt.帮助；援助(assistancen．帮助；援助assistantn．助手；助理)•assistsbtodo/indoingsth帮助某人做某事assistsbwith/insth在某方面帮助某人•come/gotoone’sassistance来/去援助某人withtheassistanceof...在……的帮助下(1)Havingagreatdealofteachingexperienceataprimaryschool，IdobelievethatIamqualifiedtobeyourassistant(assist)andIcanassistyouwith/inyourteachinginChina.(应用文写作之申请信)(2)作为对你上封信的回复，我确保我会在英语口语方面帮你。首先，我会帮你改正你的发音。(应用文写作之回复求助信)Inresponsetoyourlastletter，ImakesurethatIwillassistyouwith/inyouroralEnglish.Firstly，Iwillassistyoutocorrect/incorrectingyourpronunciation.(3)正当这对双胞胎担心做不出一顿美味的母亲节早餐的时候，爸爸来帮他们了。在他们爸爸的帮助下，这对双胞胎成功了，脸上洋溢着快乐的笑容。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)Whenthetwinswereworriedthattheycouldn’tsucceedinmakingadeliciousMother’sDaybreakfast，theirfathercametotheirassistance.Withtheassistanceoftheirfather/Withtheirfatherassistingthem/withtheirfather’sassistance，thetwinsmadeit，theirfacesbrimmingwithhappysmiles.tearn．眼泪；泪水vt.(tore，torn)撕破读后续写之哭的描写：intears流着泪；含着泪burstintotears突然大哭起来fight/holdbacktears强忍住泪水beclosetotears/beonthevergeoftears快要哭了befilledwithtears/bebrimmingwithtears泪流满面beinfloodsoftears大哭；泪如泉涌(1)Davidraisedhisheadandstaredatmeandtearsglistenedinhiseyes.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)→Davidraisedhisheadandstaredatme，tearsglisteninginhiseyes.(用独立主格结构改写)(2)看着这个绝望的女士，我忍不住掉下了眼泪。眼里噙着泪水，我拥抱她，尽力安慰她。她把头靠在我的肩膀上，大哭起来，哭诉着她自己的不幸遭遇。Seeingthewomanindespair，Icouldn’tfight/holdbacktears.Withmyeyesintears，Itriedtocomfortherbyhuggingrestedherheadonmyshoulderandburstintotears，sobbingoutthestoryofherunfortunateexperience.(3)妈妈不经允许就撕开我的信，我捶胸痛哭。MymothertoremyletteropenwithoutmypermissionandIwailedwithmyfistsbeatingmychest.harmn．&vt.伤害；损害；危害(harmfuladj.有害的harmlessadj.无害的；不致伤害的)•dosbharm/doharmtosb对某人有害Thereisnoharm(in)doingsth.做某事无害处。•beharmfulto对……有害(1)Thephysiciansaysthatthemedicineisharmfultochildrenbutharmless(harm)toadults.(2)沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。因此，戒掉它没有害处。(2021·全国乙)Beingaddictedtoonlinegamesisharmfulto/doesharmtoourphysicalandmentalhealth.Therefore，thereisnoharm(in)gettingridofit.agreat/gooddeal(of)许多的；大量•agreat/gooddealof许多的，大量的，只能修饰不可数名词。修饰可数名词可以用agreatmany(of)。•agreat/gooddeal用作副词短语时，可用于修饰形容词、副词比较级来加强程度，也可以用来修饰动词作状语。•agreat/gooddeal用作名词短语时，意为“大量，许多”，作主语或者宾语。(1)尽管大卫比其他孩子跑得慢得多，但他成功到达终点线，脸上洋溢着坚定的微笑。许多孩子情不自禁地为他鼓掌。(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)AlthoughDavidranagreat/gooddealslowerthantheotherkids，hemadeittothefinishlinewithadeterminedsmilebrimmingonhisface.Agreatmanyofthekidscouldn’tresistapplaudinghim.(2)他花了大量的时间和这些贫困家庭待在一起，而且他从中学到了很多东西。Hespentagreat/gooddealoftimewiththepoorfamilies，andhelearnedagreat/gooddealfromtheexperience.“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife...对一个人来说，生命是最宝贵的……本句中形容词比较级与否定词连用，表达最高级含义。常用的否定词有：no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等，其意义为：没有比……更……的了。(1)对我们来说，没有什么比向处在困境中的人传递善意更重要的了。(读后续写之升华句)Tous，nothingismoreimportantthanpassingonkindnesstothoseintrouble.(2)我深信没人比我们班长更适合在幼儿园帮你的了。(应用文写作之推荐信)Iholdthestrongbeliefthatnobodyismoresuitabletoassistyouinthekindergartenthanourmonitor.(3)“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐了！”妈妈激动地回答道。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)“Ihaveneverhadamoredeliciousbreakfastthanthisone！”themotherrespondedexcitedly.the＋序数词＋n.＋todoSheimmediatelybecamethefirstwomanevertobehiredasaresidentphysicianintheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。•此句中的不定式tobehired...作后置定语，修饰名词woman。当中心词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰或前面有theonly，thelast，theright等，常用动词不定式作后置定语。•在time，way，chance，ability，promise，attempt等名词后，常用不定式作后置定语，表示将要发生的动作。(1)Therewasnosignalinthatfarawayvillageandallmyattemptstocontact(contact)youfailed.(2)约翰是第一个想出做爆米花帮助伯纳德挣外快的人。他相信他有能力帮助伯纳德走出困境。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)JohnwasthefirstpersontothinkofmakingpopcorntohelpBernardearnsomeextramoney.HewasconvincedthathehadtheabilitytohelpBernardoutofthedifficulty.(3)我能说一口流利的英语，而且我是班上唯一一个出国深造的学生。毫无疑问我是负责这项工作的最佳人选。(应用文写作之申请信)IcanspeakfluentEnglishandIamtheonlystudentinmyclasstogoabroadforfurtherisnodoubtthatIamthebestpersontoberesponsibleforthejob.(4)我不能错过这样一个增进彼此了解的宝贵机会。Ican’taffordtomisssuchapreciouschancetostrengtheneachother’sunderstanding.1．Newresearchfoundthatmiddle-agedwomenwhowerephysicallyfitcouldbenearly90percentlesslikelytodevelopdementiainlaterlife—andiftheydid，itcameonadecadelaterthanlesssportywomen.(2022·浙江1月)新的研究发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%——如果她们真的患了痴呆症，也会比不爱运动的女性晚十年。2．Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest，shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.(2022·全国甲)当她不再跳舞时，她的儿子们也已经长大成人了，她认为是尝试有挑战性的事情的时候了。3．Thinkofarubberthebeginning，itisflexible，butputitinadrawerfor20yearsanditwillbecomedryandeasilybroken.(2022·新高考全国Ⅱ)想想橡皮筋，起初，它是有弹性的，但是把它放在抽屉里20年，它就会变干且易碎。4．AsIwatchedhimtakeoffhisbasketballuniformandreplaceitwithabaseballuniform，Isawhimleavingbehindthelayerthatnolongerservedhim，justasourlizardhad.(2021·天津3月)当我看着他脱下篮球服再换上棒球服时，我看到他脱下了那层不再适合他的衣服，就像我们的蜥蜴一样。5．Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women，orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.(2021·全国甲)当这个俱乐部之外的天才——女性或不同肤色、不同信仰的人们——做出贡献时，他们就不被认可，并遭到其他人的拒绝。提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．sharpA.adj.急剧的B.adj.敏锐的C.adj.锋利的D.adv.整点地E.adj.急转的F.adj.清晰的(1)Shestudiedtheyoungmanwithhersharpbrighteyes.B(2)Recentlytherehasbeenasharpdeclineininterestingardeningthroughoutthetown.A(3)Iwasapproachingafairlysharpbendthatsweptdownhilltotheleft.E(4)Sheplannedtounlocktheshopat8∶00sharpthenextmorning.D(5)Allthefootprintsarequitesharpandclear.F(6)Shehadherfingercutbyasharpknifebyaccidentwhileshewascuttingpotatoes.C2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)Heoftentendstheflowerbedsthathehasplantedinthedriveway.料理；照顾(2)Theoperationofthismachineseemstobesimplebutinfactitisn’t.操作(3)Ithinkthemoralofthestoryistoletpeoplemindtheirownbehaviors.寓意(4)Wewillplaybasketballforhalfanhourinabasketballcourt.球场(5)Whenwetearonepagefromthecalendar，itmeansourlifehasbeenshortenedbyoneday.撕掉Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．It’stypicalofhimtorespondtoothers’requestsinspiteofhisownbusiness.2．Themajority(major)ofstudentsshowgreatrespectfortheirteachers.3．Hiscolleaguesassistedhimtodecorate(decorate)thehouseforhiswedding.4．Weappointedhertorepresent(represent)ustosendourcongratulationsattheweddingceremony.5．Theboyssetofffirecrackerstoscarethemonkeysintorunningaway.6．Whenthebossarrived，thejoyfulatmospherewasreplacedby/withaseriousone.7.Afterall，itisimmoraltotakeadvantageofothers’weaknessestodoharmtothem.8．Tohissurprise，hefoundagreatdealofmoneyintheenvelope.9.Afterall，somefestivalsareheldinmemoryoftheancestors.10．Ihaveneverexperiencedamoreexciting(exciting)momentthannow.Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练感谢信——感激被任命为学生会主席1．感谢您任命我为学生会主席。(appoint)Thankyouforappointingmetobe/aschairmanoftheStudentCouncil.2．我会是第一个帮助那些有困难的同