2014年职称英语理工类B级真题及答案

经典word整理文档，仅参考，双击此处可删除页眉页脚。本资料属于网络整理，如有侵权，请联系删除，谢谢！第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有11个意义最为接近的选项。1.Themajorityofpeoplearoundherearedecent.A.realB.honestC.normalD.wealthy2.Thecurriculumwastoonarrowandtoorigid.A.hiddenB.traditionalC.inflexibleD.official3.Thecommitteewasaskedtorenderareportonthehousingsituation.A.furnishB.copyC.publishD.summarize4.Afterwardstherewasjustafeelingofletdown.A.excitementB.disappointmentC.angerD.calm5.Severalwindowshadbeensmashed.A.cleanedB.replacedC.fixedD.broken6.Theworstagoniesofthewarwerenowbeginning.A.painsB.partsC.aspectsD.results7.Londonquicklybecameaflourishingport.A.majorB.largeC.successfulD.commercial8.Shefeltthatshehaddonehergooddeedfortheday.A.homeworkB.justiceC.modelD.act9.Heledaverymorallife.A.humanB.intelligentC.naturalD.honorable10.Hisstomachfelthollowwithfear.A.sincereB.respectfulC.emptyD.terrible11.Itwasamagicnightuntilthespellwasbroken.A.timeB.charmC.spaceD.opportunity12.Hisprofessionalcareerspanned16years.A.startedB.changedC.movedD.lasted13.Theyaretryingtoidentifywhatiswrongwiththepresentsystem.A.discoverB.proveC.considerD.imagine14.HisknowledgeofFrenchisfair.A.veryusefulB.verylimitedC.quitegoodD.ratherspecial15.Thegroupdoesnotadvocatetheuseofviolence.A.limitB.regulateC.opposeD.support答案：BCABDACDDCBDACD第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）SoMany“Earths”TheMilkyWaycontainsbillionsofEarth-sizedplanetsthatcouldsupportlifethat'sthefindingofanewstudy.ItdrawsondatethatcamefromNASA'stopplanet-huntingtelescope.AmechanicalfailurerecentlyputthatKeplerspacetelescopeoutofservice.Keplerhadplayedabigroleincreatingacensusofplanetsorbitingsome170,000stars.Itsdatahavebeenhelpingastronomerspredicthowcommonplanetsareinourgalaxy.ThetelescopefocusedonhuntingplanetsthatmighthaveconditionssimilartothoseonEarth.TheauthorsofastudypublishedinTheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofsciences,concludethatbetween14and30outofevery100stars,withamassandtemperaturesimilartotheSun,mayhostaplanetthatcouldsupportlifeasweknowit.SuchaplanetwouldhaveadiameteratleastaslargeasEarth's,butnomorethantwicethatbig.Theplanetalsowouldhavetoorbitinastar'shabitablezone.That'swherethesurfacetemperaturewouldallowanywatertoexistasaliquid.Thenewestimateofhowmanyplanetsmightfittheseconditionscomesfromstudyingmorethan42,000starsandidentifyingsuitableworldsorbitingthem.Thescientistsusedthosenumberstoextrapolatetotherestofthestarsthatthetelescopecouldnotsee.Theestimateisrough,theauthorsadmit.Ifappliedtothesolarsystem,itwoulddefineashabitableazonestartingasclosetotheSunasVenusandrunningtoasfarawayasMars.NeitherplanetisEarthlike(althougheithermighthavebeeninthedistantpast).Usingtighterlimits,theresearchersestimatethatbetween4and8outofevery100SunlikestarscouldhostanEarth-sizedworld.Theseareonesthatwouldtake200to400daystocompleteayearlyorbit.Fouroutofevery100sunlikestarsdoesn'tsoundlikeabignumber.Itwouldmean,however,thattheMilkyWaycouldhostmorethanabillionEarth-sizedplanetswithachangeforlife.16.TheKeplerspacetelescopehasbeeninservicefor15years.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17.ThemaintaskoftheKeplerspacetelescopeistofindoutplanetswithsimilarconditionstoEarth's.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned18.TheplanetthatcouldsupportlifemightbealittlebitsmallerthanEarth.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19.TheEarthisplanetorbitingintheSun'shabitablezone.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20.Thenewfindingisbasedonathoroughstudyof170,000starsintheMilkyWay.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21.Theestimateofthenumberofplanetsthatcouldsupportlifeisnotveryaccurate.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned22.Thisisthefirstresearchfindingabouttheplanetswithachanceforlife.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：CABABAC第3部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2123~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1227~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。ClimateChange:TheLongReach1Earthiswarming.Sealevelsarerising.There'smorecarbonintheair,andArcticiceismeltingfasterthanatanytimeinrecordedhistory.Scientistswhostudytheenvironmenttobettergauge(评估)Earth'sfutureclimatenowarguethatthesechangesmaynotreverseforaverylongtime.2Peopleburnfossilfuelslikecoalandoilforenergy.Thatburningreleasescarbondioxide,acolorlessgas.Intheair,thisgastrapsheatatEarth’ssurface.Andthemorecarbondioxidereleased,themoretheplanetwarms.Ifcurrentconsumptionoffossilfuelsdoesn’tslow,thelong-termclimateimpactscouldlastthousandsofyears—andbemoreseverethanscientistshadbeenexpecting.ClimatologistRichardZeebeoftheUniversityofHawaiiatManoaoffersthisconclusioninanewpaper.3Mostclimate-changestudieslookatwhat'sgoingtohappeninthenextcenturyorso.Duringthattime,changesintheplanet'senvironmentcouldnudge(推动)globalwarmingevenhigher.Forexample:Snowandicereflectsunlightbackintospace.Butasthesemelt,sunlightcannowreach—andwarm—theexposedground.Thisextraheatraisestheairtemperatureevenmore,causingevenmoresnowtomelt.Thistypeofrapidexaggerationofimpactsiscalleda―fastfeedback.‖.4Zeebesaysit'simportanttolookatfastfeedbacks.However,headds,they'relimited.Fromaclimatechangeperspective."Thiscenturyisthemostimportanttimeforthenextfewgenerations,‖hetoldScience―Buttheworldisnotendingin2100.‖Forhisnewstudy,Zeebenowfocuseson―slowfeedbacks‖.Whilefastfeedbackeventsunfoldoverdecadesorcenturies,slowfeedbackscantakethousandsofyears.Meltingofcontinentalicesheetsandthemigrationofplantlife—astheyrelocatetomorecomfortableareas—aretwoexamplesofslowfeedbacks.5Zeebegatheredinformationfrompreviouslypublishedstudiesinvestigatinghowsuchprocessesplayedoutoverthousandsofyearsduringpastdramaticchangesinclimate.Thenhecameupwithaforecastforthefuturethataccountsforbothslowandfastfeedbackprocesses.Climateforecaststhatuseonlyfastfeedbackspredicta4.5degreeCelsius(8.1degreeFahrenheit)changebytheyear3000.Butslowfeedbacksaddedanother1.5°C—fora6°totalincrease,Zeebereports.Healsofoundthatstowfeedbackeventswillcauseglobalwarmingtopersistforthousandsofyearsafterpeoplerunoutoffossilfuelstoburn.23.Paragraph2____A_____24.Paragraph3____D____25.Paragraph4____B_____26.Paragraph5____C_____A.ImpactofburningfossilfuelsB.SlowfeedbacksC.ApredictionoffutureclimatechangeD.FastfeedbacksE.RisingofsealevelsF.Unpredictabilityoffeedbackprocesses27.Arcticicehasneverbeenmeltingsofastin____B_____.28.Meltingofsnowandiceenablessunlighttoreach____E____.29.Zeebecameupwithhisfutureclimatepredictionbyanalyzing___F_____.30.Afterfossilfuelsareusedup,globalwarmingwillcontinuefor___A_____.A.averylongtimeB.recordedhistoryC.rapidexaggerationofimpactsD.theextraheatE.theexposedgroundF.previouslypublishedstudies答案：ADBCBEFA第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇ApproachestoUnderstandingIntelligences本次考试理工阅读其中一篇)Itbaystobesmart,butwearenotallsmartinthesameway.Youmaybeatalentedmusician,butyoumightnotbeagoodreader.Eachofusisdifferent.Psychologistsdisagreeaboutwhatisintelligenceandwhataretalentsorpersonalabilities.Psychologistshavetwodifferentviewsonintelligence.Somebelievethereisonegeneralintelligence.Othersbelievetherearemanydifferentintelligences.SomepsychologistssaythereisonetypeofintelligencethatcanbemeasuredwithIQtests.Thesepsychologistssupporttheirviewwithresearchthatconcludesthatpeoplewhodowellononekindoftestformentalabilitydowellonothertests.Theydowellontestsusingwords,numbersorpictures.Theydowellonindividualorgrouptests,andwrittenororaltests.Thosewhodopoorlyononetest,dothesameonalltests.Studiesofthebrainshowthatthereisabiologicalbasisforgeneralintelligence.Thebrainofintelligencepeopleuselessenergyduringproblemsolving.Thebrainwavesofpeoplewithhigherintelligenceshowaquickerreaction.Someresearchersconcludethatdifferencesinintelligenceresultfromdifferencesinthespeedandeffectivenessofinformationprocessingbythebrain.HowardGardner,apsychologistattheHarvardSchoolofEducation,hasfourchildren.Hebelievesthatallchildrenaredifferentandshouldn’tbetestedbyoneintelligencetest.AlthoughGardnerbelievesgeneralintelligenceexists,hedoesn’tthinkittellsmuchaboutthetalentsofapersonoutsideofformalschooling.Hethinkthatthehumanmindhasdifferentintelligences.Theseintelligencesallowustosolvethekindsofproblemswearepresentedwithinlife.Eachofushasdifferentabilitieswithintheseintelligences.Gardnerbelievesthatthepurposeofschoolshouldbetoencouragedevelopmentofallofourintelligences.Gardnersaysthathistheoryisbasedonbiology.Forexample,whenonepartoftheBrainisinjured,otherpartsofthebrainstillwork.PeoplewhocannottalkbecauseofBraindamagecanstillsing.So,thereisnotjustoneintelligencetolose.GardnerhasIdentified8differentkindsofintelligence;linguistic,mathematical,spatial,musical,Interpersonal,intrapersonal,body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),andnaturalistic.31.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Howtounderstandintelligence.B.Theimportanceofintelligence.C.Thedevelopmentofintelligencetests.D.Howtobecomeintelligent.32.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueconcerninggeneralintelligence?A.Mostintelligentpeopledowellonsomeintelligencetests.B.Peopledoingwellononetypeofintelligencetestdowellonothertests.C.Intelligentpeopledonotdowellongrouptests.D.Intelligentpeopledobetteronwrittenteststhanonoraltests.33.Gardnerbelievesthat______.A.childrenhavedifferentintelligences.B.allchildrenarealike.C.childrenshouldtakeoneintelligencetest.D.thereisnogeneralintelligence.34.AccordingtoGardner,schoolsshould______.A.teststudents’IQs.B.trainstudentswhodopoorlyontests.C.focusonfindingthemostintelligentstudents.D.promotedevelopmentofallintelligences.35.Gardnerthinksthathistheoryhasa______.A.musicalfoundation.B.biologicalfoundation.C.intrapersonalfoundation.D.linguisticfoundation.答案：ABADB第二篇TheMirSpaceStationTheRussianMirSpaceStation,whichcamedownin2001atlastafter15yearsofpioneeringtheconceptoflong-termhumanspaceflight,isrememberedforitsaccomplishmentsinthehumanspaceflighthistory.Itcanbecreditedwithmanyfirstsinspace.DuringMir’slifetime,RussiaspentaboutUS$4.2billiontobuildandmaintainthestation.TheSovietUnionlaunchedMir,whichwasdesignedtolastfromthreetofiveyears,onFebruary20,1986,andhoused104astronautsover12yearsandsevenmonths,mostofwhomwerenotRussian.Infact,itbecamethefirstinternationalspacestationbyplayinghostto62peoplefrom11countries.From1995through1998,sevenastronautsfromtheUnitedStatestookturnslivingonMirforuptosixmonthseach.Theywereamongthe37Americanswhovisitedthestationduringninestopoversbyspaceshuttles.Themorethan400milliontheUnitedStatesprovidedRussianforthevisitsnotonlykeptMiroperating,butalsogavetheAmericansandtheirpartnersintheinternationalstationprojectvaluableexperienceinlong-termflightandmultinationaloperations.AdebatecontinuesoverMir’scontributionstoscience.Duringitsexistence,Mirwasthelaboratoryfor23,000experimentsandcarriedscientificequipment,estimatedtobeworth$80million,frommanynations.ExperimentsonMirarecreditedwitharangeoffindings,fromthefirstsolidmeasurementoftherationofheavyheliumatomsinspacetohowtogrowwheatinspace.Butforthosefavouringhumanspaceexploration,MirshowedthatpeoplecouldliveandworkinspacelongenoughforatriptoMars.Thelongestsinglestayinspaceisthe437.7daysthatRussianastronautValeryPolyakovspentonMirfrom1994to1995.AndSergieAvdeyevaccumulated747.6daysinspaceinthreetripstothespacestation.ThelongestAmericanstaywasthatofShannonLucid,whospent188daysaboardMirin1996.DespitethemanyfirstsMiraccomplished,1997wasabadyearoutof15forMir.In1997,anoxygengeneratorcaughtfire.Later,themaincomputersystembrokedown,causingthestationtodriftseveraltimesandtherewerepowerfailures.Mostoftheseproblemswererepaired,withAmericanhelpandsuppliers,butMir’sreputationasaspacestationwasruined.Mir’ssetbacksarenothing,though,whenwecomparethemwithitsaccomplishments.Mirwasatremendoussuccess,whichwillberememberedasamilestoneinspaceexplorationandthespacestationthatshowedlong-termhumanhabitationinspacewaspossible.Butit’stimetomoveontothenextgeneration.TheInternationalSpaceStationbeingbuiltwillbebetter,butitowesagreatdebttoMir.(出处：2014年职称英语教材理工类概括大意与完成句子第八篇TheMirSpaceStation)36.WecanlearnfromthepassagethattheMirSpaceStationA.wasdesignedtolastover5years.B.playedhostto7astronautsfromdifferentcountries.C.wasvisitedonlybyAmericans.D.wasbuiltbyRussians.37.OneofthecontributionsMirmakestoscienceisthatitA.helpastronautsgetclosetoMars.B.enablesscientiststodevelopnewscientificequipment.C.setsarecordofthelongestsinglehumanstayinspace.D.showsthatmultinationaloperationsinspacearelessexpensive.38.WhathappenedtoMirin1997?A.itranoutitsfund.B.itwascompletelydamagedbyfire.C.itsreputationwasruinedduetopowerfailures.D.itsmaincomputersystembrokeout.39.ItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatA.spaceexplorationwillnotexperiencesetbacks.B.itisdifficultforotherspacestationsexceedMir’ssuccess.C.Miristhebestlong-termhumanhabitationinspaceinhistory.D.multinationalspaceoperationaregettingmoreaccomplishments.40.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardMir?A.indifferent.B.ironic.C.favorable.D.negative答案：DCDDC第三篇Eye-trackerLetsYouDragandDropFileswithaGlance（2014职称英语理工A考试真题中的阅读理解）Boredofusingamouse?Soonyou'llbeabletochangestuffonyourcomputer—andthenmoveitdirectlyontoyoursmartphoneortablet–withnothingmorethanaglance.AsystemcalledEyeDropusesahead-mountedeyetrackerthatsimultaneouslyrecordsyourfieldofviewsoitknowswhereyouarelookingonthescreen.Gazingatanobject—aphoto,say–andthenpressingakey,selectsthatobject.Itcanthenbemovedfromthescreentoatabletorsmartphonejustbyglancingattheseconddevice,aslongasthetwoareconnectedwirelessly."Thebeautyofusinggazetosupportthisisthatoureyesnaturallyfocusoncontentthatwewanttoacquire,"saysJaysonTurner,whodevelopedthesystemwithcolleaguesatLancasterUniversity,UK.TurnerbelievesEyeDropwouldbeusefultotransferaninteractivemaporcontactinformationfromapublicdisplaytoyoursmartphoneorforsharingphotos.Abuttonneedstobeusedtoselecttheobjectyouarelookingatotherwiseyouendupwiththe"Midastouch"点石成金)effect,wherebyeverythingyoulookatgetsselectedbyyourgaze,saysTurner."Imagineifyourmouseclickedoneverythingitpointedat,"hesays.ChristianHolz,aresearcherinhuman-computerinteractionatYahooLabsinSunnyvale,California,saysthesystemisanicetakeongettingroundthisfundamentalproblemofusinggaze-trackingtointeract."EyeDropsolvesthisinaslickwaybycombiningitwithinputonthetouchdeviceswecarrywithusmostofthetimeanywayandusingtouchinputasaclutchingmechanism,"hesays."Thisnowallowsuserstoseamlesslyinteractacrossdevicesfarandcloseinaverynaturalmanner."Whilecurrenteye-trackersareratherbulky,mainstreamconsumerdevicesarenottoofaraway.SwedishfirmTobiiisdevelopinggaze-trackingtechnologythatcanbeinstalledinlaptopsandtabletsandisexpectedtobeavailabletobuynextyear.AndtheGoogleGlassheadsetisexpectedtoincludeeye-trackinginthefuture.Turnersayshehasalsolookedathowcontentcanbecutandpastedordrag-and-droppedusingamixofgazeandtapsonatouchscreen.ThesystemwaspresentedattheConferenceonMobileandUbiquitousMultimediainLule,Sweden,lastweek.41.Theeye-trackertechnologyenablesustoA.changeourcomputerscreen.B.focusonanythingthatinterestsus.C.getasmartphoneconnectedwirelessly.D.moveanobjectfromscreenwithaglance.42.Whyisabuttonneeded?A.TominimizethecostofEyeDrop.B.Tochooseasmanyobjectsaspossible.C.TomakeEyeDropdifferentfromothers.D.Toselectwhatwewant.43.Theword―this‖inrafestoA.applicationofgaze-trackinginhuman-computerinteraction.B.interactionbetweenhumanandcomputer.C.combinationofgaze-trackingwithinputontouchdevices.D.generalizationofEyeDropsystem.44.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofeye-trackersforconsumerusers?A.Theyarecostly.B.Theyareavailable.C.TheyareinstalledinGoogleGlassheadset.D.Theyareexpectedtocomeoutsoon.45.WhatisTurnerlikelytostudynext?A.Howtodraganddropwithgazeandtaps.B.Howtopresentthesysteminpublic.C.Howtogettouchscreeninvolved.D.Howtocutandpastecontentfromapublicdisplay.答案：DDCDC第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。TheDayaLanguageDied（2014职称英语综合B考试真题中的补全短文）WhenCarlosWestezdiedattheageof76,alanguagedied,too.CarlosWestez,morecommonlyknownasRedThunderCloud,wasthelastspeakeroftheNativeAmericanlanguageCatawba.AnyonewhowantstohearvarioussongsoftheCatawbacancontacttheSmithsonianInstitutioninWashington,D.C.,where,backinthe1940s.RedThunderCloudrecordedaseriesofsongsforfuturegenerations.(46F)TheyareallthatisleftoftheCatawbalanguage.Thelanguagethatpeopleusedtospeakisgoneforever.Weareallawareofthedangerthatmodernindustrycandototheworld’secology（生态）.However,fewpeopleareawareoftheimpactthatwidelyspokenlanguageshaveonotherlanguagesandwaysoflife.Englishhasspreadallovertheworld.Chinese,Spanish,Russian,andHindihavebecomepowerfullanguagesaswell.（47Whenthishappens,hundredsoflanguagesthatarespokenbyonlyafewpeopledieout.Scholarsbelievetherearearound6,000languagesaroundtheworld,butmorethanhalfofthemcoulddieoutwithinthenext100years.Therearemanyexamples.ArakiisanativelanguageoftheislandofVanuatu,locatedinthePacificOcean.Itisspokenbyonlyafewadults,solikeCatawba,Arakiwillsoondisappear.ManylanguagesofEthiopianwillhavethesamefatebecauseeachonehasonlyafewspeakers.（48C）IntheAmericas,100languages,eachofwhichhasfewerthan300speakers,alsoaredyingout.RedThunderCloudwasoneofthefirsttorecognizethethreatoflanguagedeathandtotrytodosomethingaboutit.HewasnotactuallybornintotheCatawbatribe,andthelanguagewasnothismothertongue.（49A）ThesongshesangfortheSmithsonianInstitutionhelpedtomakeNativeAmericanmusicpopular.Nowheisgone,andthelanguageisdead.Whatdoesitmeanfortherestofuswhenalanguagedisappears?Whenaplant,insect,oranimalspeciesdies,itiseasytounderstandwhatwe’velostandtoappreciatewhatthismeansforthebalanceofthenaturalworld.However,languageisonlyaproductofthemind.Tobethelastremainingspeakerofalanguage,likeRedThunderCloud,mustbealonelydestiny,almostasstrangeandterribleasbeingthelastsurvivingmemberofadyingspecies.（50B）A.However,hewasafrequentvisitortotheCatawbareservationinSouthCarolina,wherehelearnedthelanguage.B.Fortherestofus,whenalanguagedies,welosethepossibilityofauniquewayofseeinganddescribingtheworld.C.PapuaNewGuineaisanextremelyrichsourceofdifferentlanguage,butmorethan100ofthemareindangerofextinction（灭绝）.D.Astheselanguagesbecomemorepowerful,theiruseastoolsofbusinessandcultureincreases.E.Theselanguagesdon’thavemanynativespeakers.F.Somepeoplemightwanttotrytolearnsomeofthesesongsbyheart.答案：FDCAB第6部分：完形填空（第61—65题，每题1分，共15分）UndergroundCoalFiresCoalburningdeepundergroundinChina,IndiaandIndonesiaisthreateningtheenvironmentandhumanlife,scientistshavewarned,theselarge-scale(51)blazescausethegroundtemperaturetoheatupandkillsurroundingvegetation,producegreenhousegasesandcan(52)ignite(点燃)forestfirst,apanelofscien