2023年江苏中考英语一轮复习专题阅读理解技巧

阅读理解技巧

一、阅读理解细节题

一篇文章必须通过许多细节进一步解释和说明主题，体现中心思想。因此，阅读理解题中多数是针

对文章中的细节而设计的，回答此类问题时，首先要认真审题，理解题意，然后根据提示词或线索

词，运用查阅的技巧，快速在原文中查找正确的答案。这些题目的答案大都可以在文章对应的文字部

分找到。

解题应从以下几个方面人手：

①直接细节题。题目主要由how和五个wh开头的问题，即：what,who,when,where,why开头的问

题，这类题目一般都比较简单，根据提问的具体内容查找，即可得出答案。

②间接细节题。一般指以释义或换一种方式重新设计的题目。解题时，音先要看懂题目，找出题目中

的词或词组，然后找出文章中的对应部分。查找要借助于同义词或同义结构。因为题目中使用的词语

或结构与文章中所使用的不同，但意思相同。

解题技巧：

1.阅读问题。

2.在文中找出对应的答案句，即定位。

3.（1）、关键信息定位法。这个主要是细节题，如涉及到数字（日期、时间、价格等），就可

以在文章中快速圈出数字，再找出目标数字及相对应的细节作息，还有人物姓名、地点名词等

等，其他的还包括一些提示情节发展，或条纲性关键字眼，如First,Next,Finally等等。

（2）、同义定位法。英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。同义定位就是指问题所用的关键词和

文中的不一致，但属于同义性质，同义转换其实是在关键间的基础上拐了个弯

易错点：

1.没有注意原文与试题之间的相互转换

2.没有掌握中心或者主旨，不知道到何处找到自己所需要的事实

真题解析

A

Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,ourdailylifeisbecomingmorecolorfulandmore

convenient（便利）.

AnUnderwaterHotel

Itlookslikeaspaceshipbutitisactuallyapictureofanunderwaterhotel.Acompanyplanstobuildin

theseawhichisabout18metresbelowthesurface.Thewholebuildingisunderwaterandyoucangettoit

byswimminganddiving.

GoogleGlass

GoogleGlassisapairofglasseswithabattery（电*也）hiddeninsidetheframe（边I匡）.Itcancarryout

manyofthesametasksassmartphones.Theglasshasahiddencameraandatinyscreen.Itisdesignedto

takehands-freephotosorvideosofanythingpeoplearedoing.

ANewKindofShirt

Hatewashingclothes?You'regoingtolovethiskindofshirtmadebyanAmericanclothingcompany,

Wool&Prince.Thisshirtcanbewornfor100straightdayswithoutwashing!TheWool&Princeshirtnever

needsironing（熨烫）.

TheDigitalLibrary

Canyouimaginewalkingintoalibraryandfindingallbookshaveturnedintocomputers?Thefirst

booklesspubliclibraryisplannedtoopeninSanAntonio,Texas.Computerswilltaketheplaceofbooks

soon.

32.TheDigitalLibrarytellsussomethingaboutalibrarywithout.

A.booksB.computersC.bookshelvesD.readers

［答案］A

I解析1结合小标题TheDigital（数字）Library下第一

句Canyouimaginewalkingintoalibraryandfindingallbookshaveturnedintocomputers可知,

数字化图书馆把所有的书都换成了电脑。因此这是没有书（books）的图书馆。computer意为“电

脑”,bookshelf意为“书架",reader意为"读者”，均不符合题意。

Youprobablyknowyoushouldsay”please"and"thankyou*'atrestaurants.Youprobablyknowtherulesof

alibrary.Youknowyoushouldrespectandbeniceloyourclassmates.Butdoyouhavemusicmanners?

KeepItDown!Ybuhavetonoticethevolumeofyourmusic.Youshouldnotplayyourmusicsoloudthat

everyonearoundyoucanhearit.Somepeoplemightevengetangry.Usually,whenyouplaythemusicloud

onanMP3player,otherpeoplecan'thearthewordsofthesong.Theyjusthearaloudsound.Notonewants

tolistentothis.Veryloudmusiccanalsobebadforyourears,soevenifyouarealonewhenlisteningtoour

MP3player,youshouldn'thaveitturneduptoohigh.TakeThemOff!Youneedtoknowwhentoturnyour

MP3playeroffandputitaway.Librariesandschoolsdon'tallowMP3players.Thereareotherplaces,like

museums,thatdon*thaverules,butitwouldberudetohaveyourMP3playeron.Sometimes,itjustdoesn't

makesensetolistenyourMP3playeratevent.Whywouldyoulistentomusicataplay,amovieorasporting

event?Youwouldmisswhatisgoingonandotherswouldwonderwhyyouevencame.TakeOneOut!

Onceinawhileit'sokayjusttotakeoutoneearphone.ImagineyouarelisteningonyourMP3playerwhen

someoneasksyoutheway.Itwouldnotberudetotakeoutoneearphone,tellhimtheway,andputbackthe

earphoneandcontinuelistening.Youcanalsodothiswhenyouorderfoodatafast-foodrestaurantorwhen

youanswerthetelephoneandit'snotforyou.It*sYourChoice!Therearetimeswhenyouneedtodecide

whatisbest.Forexample,somepeoplecanlistentomusicontheirMP3playerswhenreadbooks,while

othersthinkitisdisturbing.Incaseslikethis,youneed10dowhatseemsrightforyou.

79.Noonewantstolistentofromothers'MP3players.A)aloudsoundB)sadstories

C)alongmovieD)thewordsofasong

［答案］A

［解析］第二段倒数第三行"Notonewantstolistentothis.Veryloudmusiccanalsobebadforyour

ears”,可以得出答案，选择A

80.Weshouldturndownthemusicwhenwearealonebecauseloudmusic.

A)isnotenjoyableB)makesustiredC)isbadforMP3playersD)hurtsourears

［答案2

［解析］根据第二段倒数第一行"Veryloudmusiccanalsobebadforyourears,soevenifyouarealone

whenlisteningtoourMP3player,youshouldn'thaveitturneduptoohigh”得出结论，选择D

81.Wecantakeonceearphoneoutwhenwe_

A)showothersthewayB)talktofriendsonthephone

C)watchasportingeventD)havedinnerwithourparents

［答案］A

1解析］根据第四段的介绍我们可以排除C项和D项，A和B在原文中都有提及，但是原文中指的是

“answerthetelephone”这一短暂的动作，而B项是与朋友在“telephone”中聊天，是个延续性的动作，

故选择A。

Jennylookedatthestorewindow.TherewasnothingthatshewantedmorethanaHappyHannahdoll.

Itwas$29.95.Unluckily,Jennydidn'tevenhavethe95cents.

Asshecrossedthestreet,shethoughtaboutdoingherbrother'shousework,cleaningthefloor,washing

thedishesallmonth,buteventhenshewouldhaveonlyelevendollars.Suddenly,somethingsmallandpink

inthesnowcaughthereyes.

Jennywalkedoverandpickeditupfromthesnow.Itwasabeautifulwallet.Sheopenedthewalletand

foundmanydollarsandawoman'sdriver'slicence.Jennyputthewalletintoherbagquickly.Sheturned

aroundandwalkedback.

Jenny'sheartbeatfastassheenteredthestore.Shehadlongdreamedaboutthismoment,butsomething

didn'tfeelright.AsshegottotheHappyHannahdolls,shepushedawayherfeelings.Shegrabbed(抓起)

oneandwalkedtowardthecheckout.

AsJennywaswaitingtopay,hermobilephonerang.Jennylookedaround,startled(吓了一跳).Itwas

hergrandma.Jenny'sheartwassuddenlyfilledwithloveandwarmthwhenshethoughtofher.Sheputthe

dolldownandansweredthephone.

“Hi,Grandma!I'mgoingtobealittlebitlatetonight....Alright....!loveyou,too."Jennyleftthestore

andwalkedallthewayto301WestStreet.Thewomanwhoansweredthedoorlookedsad.

“Here,Ifoundthisinthesnow,“Jennysaid.

“Oh,goodGod!Thisisthemoneyfortheorphanage(孤儿院)！Thankyou!^^

Afterdoingherbrother'shouseworkforthreemonths,JennyfinallygotaHappyHannahdoll.Shewas

sohappybecauseshecouldplaywithherdollandlookhergrandmaintheeye.

34.WhatdidJennyfindinthesnow?

A.Abag.B.Adoll.C.Awallet.D.Amobilephone.

35.HowdidJennyfeelwhenshethoughtofhergrandma?

A.Touched.B.Warm.C.Nervous.D.Surprised.

37.WhatdidJennydotogetthedoll?

A.Sheaskedhergrandmaforhelp.

B.Shetooksomemoneyfromthewoman.

C.Shecleanedthefloorinthestoreforallmonth.

D.Shedidherbrother'shouseworkfbrthreemonths.

［答案］CBD

IfIweretoaskyoutocloseyoureyesandIgaveyouapieceofappletoeat,wouldyoubeabletotell

mewhatitisjustbytastingit?Ofcourse,youcould.Yourtongue(舌头)helpsyouknowwhatdifferent

foodstastelike.Doyouknowthatfoodswouldtastedifferentifyoudidnothaveanose?

WhatYouNeed

☆afriendtohelp

☆smallpiecesofanyfoodlikecarrot,orange,banana—whateveryouhave

☆smallpiecesofapples,raw(uncooked)potatoand(ifyouarebrave)onion(洋葱)

WhatYouDo

Thereareactuallythreedifferentexperiments.Youandyourfriendshouldtaketurnstryingthemon

eachother.

Experiment1:

Haveyourfriendclosehereyesandopenhermouth.Giveherapieceofthefoodandaskhertotasteit.

Then,askherwhatshethinksitis.Shewillprobablyguesscorrectly.

Experiment2:

Whileyourfriendhashereyesclosed,giveherapieceofrawpotato.Atthesametime,holdapieceof

applerightunderhernose.Askhertoeatthepotatoandtellyouwhatshethinksitis.Shewillsayitisa

pieceofapple!Youcanevendoittheotherwayaround,andshewillthinksheiseatingapotato,or,perhaps,

shewon'tbeabletonamewhatsheiseating.

Experiment3:(forthebrave)

Takeapieceofrawonion.Youdon'thavetocloseyoureyesthistime.Pressyournoseclosedwithyour

otherhandsothatnosmellscangetintoyournose.Noweatasmallpieceoftheonion.Surprise!Aslongas

youholdyournose,youwillnotbeabletotastetheonion.

TheScienceSecret

Youalreadyknowthesciencesecret.Yournoseandyourtongueworktogethertomakefoodtastethe

wayitdoes.Yourtongue,however,cantasteonlycertainflavorslikesalty,bitter,sour,andsweet.Allofthe

other“tastes”areactually“smeHs”,andyouneedyournosetotastethem.

Oh,youmightusethissciencesecretthenexttimeyouareforcedtoeatsomethingyoudon'tlikethe

tasteof.Ifyouholdyournosewhileyoueatit,youwon't"taste“itatall.

39.WhatisthemostprobablereasonExperiment3iscalled“forthebrave”?

A.Youhavetoeatarawonion.B.Youkeepyoureyesopen.

C.Youhavetoholdyournose.D.Youdotheexperimentalone.

［答案］A

二、阅读理解之主旨题

（一）如何确定文章的中心思想

每篇文章都有主题思想，而大多数文章的主题思想是通过一个句子来表达的，这就是主题句。

［来主题句通常是文章当中的第一句，从主题句中能找出文章主题思想的答案，但有时主题句也可以

在文中或段尾。一般情况下，演绎性的文章的主题句多在句首，而归纳性的文章的主题句则常在段尾。

如果作者把主题句写得很含蓄，没有明显地用一二个句子表达出来，可根据文章内容加以归纳

总结，或把所有段落的主题句加以归纳，从中找出文章的主题思想。

主旨大意题的提问方式：

①Whatisthewritertryingtotelluswiththestory?

②Thetextismainlyabout

③Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe

©Thepassagemainlytellsus

⑤Themainidea（topic）ofthepassageisabout

解题应从以下两个方面入手：

①借助于文章的结构知识来把握中心思想。文章的中心思想常常由主题句来表达。一般来说，主题

句常是文章的第一句或位于文章的第一段，用来交代全文所要说明的问题，同时引导以下段落进行

展开和解释。有时主题句也出现于文章的中间段落或结尾，由全文展开讨论后归纳总结出来。因此，

找准主题句是十分重要的。阅读时要特别注意文章的起始段、收尾段和段落的主题句。

②有的文章没有主题句或没有主题段和收尾段。碰到这种情况不能采用辨认主题句或主题段的方

法来获取段落或文章的中-心思想。这时，宜把不同的细节集中讨论的要点即共同点概括出来。需要

读者自己在通读全文后归纳总结。

［真题］

PeopleinmanycountrieslearnEnglishandtheylearnitindifferentways.Somelearnitat

school.Somelearnitbythemselves.OtherslearnEnglishby（通过）radio,onTV,orinfilms.

ThemainideaOfthepassageis.

A.peopleinmanycountrieslearnEnglishinmanyways.

B.somelearnEnglishatschool.

C.somelearnEnglishbythemselves.

D.otherslearnEnglishbyhearingthelanguageovertheradio,onTV,orinfilms.

［答案］A

［解析］本文的第一句就是该文的主题句，讲述许多国家的人们以不同的方式学习英语。答案B、c、

D都是第一句的扩展和说明，所以A是对的。

Tennisisnotdifficultgametoplay,andyoudonotneedalotofequipment（装备）toplayit.Theremust

betwoorfourplayers.Eachplayershouldhaveacomfortabletennisracket（网球拍）.Theplayerwillneed

sometennisballs,too.ofcourse,itisnecessarytohaveatenniscourt（网球场）！

Themainideaofthepassageisthat.

A.playersneedtennisrackets

B.youplaytennisonatenniscourt

C.playersneedacourtjackets,andtennisballs

D.twoplayerswillneedtworacketstoplaythisgame

［答案］c

I解析］选项A、B、D的内容均不全面，只包括了打网球的单项内容；选项C是对选项A、B、D的

综合概括，故C为正确答案。

三、阅读理解推理判断题

此类题需要透过文章信息进行深入的分析、综合、归纳等推断，需根据上下文及其内在联系对篇

章进行深入的分析。

设题方式：1）Howmanytimesdidthetigercomeintothevillage?

解题策略：*每段的首句，含有重要的解题线索。

设题方式：2）FromIhesecondparagraphweknow.

解题策略：*在把握全篇的基础上，细读这一段。

推理判断题的常见类型：

推断文章的出处（题材）与文章细节相关的推断

对文章后续内容的推断数字相关的计算推断

［真题］

AngLeewontheBestDirectorOscarforhisadventurefilmLifeofPiatthe85thAcademyAwardsin

Hollywood,CaliforniaFebruary24,2013.

LifeofPishowsayoungIndiannamedPi,whofindstheworldheknowssweptawaywhenhisfamily

sellstheirzooandsetssailforCanadawithafewanimals.OnlyPiescapesfromthestormandfloatsina

lifeboatwithagiantBengaltiger.

“Ireallywanttothankyouforbelievingthisstoryandsharingthisunbelievablejourneywithme,“Lee

saidinhisspeech.ThefilmalsowonthreeotherOscars,forbestoriginalmusic,bestcinematography（电影

艺术）andbestvisual（视觉）effects.ItwonmoreawardsthanLincolnandArgowhichwerealsoamongthe

hottestnominees.

ComingfromChina'sTaiwan,the58-year-oldLeewonanOscarforBestForeignLanguageFilmin

2001forCrouchingTiger,HiddenDragonandanotherforBestDirectorin2006forBrokebackMountain.

HeistheonlypersonofAsiantowinthedirectingawardandoneoftherarepeoplewhowonthataward

morethanonce.

Inanafter-ceremonyinterview,LeesaidhebelievedAsianfilmswouldcometothemainstageofthe

worldsoonerorlater.*'IwasborninAsiaandgrewupwithChineseeducation.Itisnaturalformetoput

AsianthinkingintoWesternthings."Thefilm,whichcost120millionU.S.dollars,hasearnednearly600

milliondollarsworldwide.LeesaidmostoftheearningscamefromoutsideChina.Leesaidhefeltwarm

thathewontheawardonthedayoftheLanternFestival,aChinesetraditionalfestivalonwhichfamiliesget

togethertosolvepuzzlesonlanternsandeatTangYuan.Hewishedeveryoneahappynewyearofthesnake

andeverybodygetslucky.

1.WhatkindoffilmdoesLifeofPibelongto?

A.Comedies.B.Tragedies.C.Detectivefilms.D.Adventurefilms.

［答案］D

TheStatueofLiberty,whichhasbeenclosedtothepublicsincesuperstormSandystruckinOctober,

willreopenbyJuly4.

TheStatueofLibertywaspresentedtotheUnitedStatesbytheFrenchpeoplein1886.Itstandsat

LibertyIslandasawelcometoallreturningAmericans.

It'sfivemonthssincethemonumentandLibertyIslandwereshutdownafterthestorm.

Whilethestatueitselfwasnotseriouslyharmedbythestorm,severalbuildingsontheislandexperienced

theterribleflood.ThewayusedbyshipscarryingvisitorsfromlowerManhattanandNewJerseywasalso

destroyed.

“It'sgoodnews,it'salittlelate,butatleastit'sthere,andnowwe'llwatchlikeaneagletomakesure

thispromiseiskept,“SchumertoldNBCNewYork.

InJanuaiy,thegovernmentspent$59millionrepairingbothLibertyIslandandnearbyEllisIsland,

whichwasalsodamagedinthestorm.ButtheofficershavenotannouncedwhenEllisIslandwillreopen.In

November,morethanamillionartworkshadtoberemovedfromthemuseumtherebecauseofthestorm.

TheStatueofLibertyisoneofthecountry'smostpopulartouristattractions.AccordingtotheNationalPark

Service,morethan3.7millionpeoplevisitthesiteeveryyear.

34.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordItinthefifthparagraphreferto?

A.TheStatueofLibertywaspresentedbyFrenchpeople.

B.Thegovernmentspent$59millionrepairingLibertyIslandandEllisIsland.

C.TheStatueofLibertystandsatLibertyIslandasawelcometoall.

D.TheStatueofLibertywillreopenbyJuly4.

［答案］D

四、阅读理解词义猜测题

设题方式：Whatdoestheword"…"meaninparagraph3?

Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?

Thewordmostlikelymeans.

Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword.

解题策略：阅读中碰到生词时不要着急，耐心地读下去，文章会帮助你猜出生词词义。此外，我们也

可以通过构词法知识分析生词词义，或通过上下文,同义词，反义词，生活常识等猜测，尤其是本句

话以及前后两句话，给生词假设意思，看是否读的通。还可以联想，即回想已知词汇中是否存在拼写

方法与该生词类似的词。

(1)捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出

正确答案

(2)根据上下文猜词义。它和前后文有着必然的联系，只有把握作者的脉搏，理清逻辑链条，才能锁定生

词的含义。

例如：Acalendarisalistofthedays,weeks,monthsofaparticularyear.

calendar日历

(3)转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同

一含义。

(4)依解释

Microscopeisaninstrument(工具)thatmakessmallnearobjectsseemslarger.

Microscopemeans显微镜.

根据上下文猜测词义的技巧：

(1)注意定义和解释；

(2)同义词或近义词的提示；

(3)近义词和反义词的提示；

(4)利用悬念的属种关系；

(5)借助已有知识或生活常识。

［真题I

Adoctorenteredthehospitalinahurryafterbeingcalledinforanurgent（紧急的）operation.He

answeredthecallassoonaspossible,changedhisclothesandwentdirectlytotheoperationroom.Hefound

theboy'sfathergoingandcominginthehallwaitingfbrthedoctor.Onseeinghim,thedadshouted,"Why

didyoutakeyousomuchtimetocome?Don*tyouknowthatmyson'slifeisindanger?It'syourdutyto

savepatients?"

Thedoctorsmiledandsaid,“Iamsorry,Iwasn'tinthehospitalandIcamethefastestIcouldafter

receivingthecall...Andnow,Iwishyou*dcalmdownsothatIcandomywork.”

“Calmdown?Whatifyoursonisinthisroomrightnow,wouldyoucalmdown?Ifyourownsondies

now,whatwillyoudo?”saidthefatherangrily.

Thedoctorsmiledagainandanswered,'*IwillsaywhatJobsaidintheBible（圣经）—'Fromdustwe

cameandtodustwereturn,blessed（保佑）bythenameofGod'.Doctorscannotprolonglives.Goandpray

（祈祷）foryourson,wewilldoourbest."

"it'ssoeasytogiveadvicewhenpeopletalkaboutothers'business.^^saidthefather.

Theoperationtookseveralhours.Afterthat,thedoctorwentouthappily,"Thankgoodness!Yoursonis

saved!"Andwithoutwaitingfbrthefathersreply,hecarriedonhiswayrunning.4tIfyouhaveanyquestion,

askthenurse!"

"Whyishesoproudandimpatient?Hecouldn*twaitsomeminutessothatIcouldaskaboutmyson*s

situation?nsaidthefatherwhenseeingthenurseminutesafterthedoctorleft.

Thenurseanswered,tears（眼泪）comingdownherface,"Hissondiedyesterdayinaroadaccident.He

wasinthefuneral（葬礼）whenwecalledhimforyourson'soperation.Andnowthathesavedyourson'slife,

heleftrunningtofinishhisson'sfuneral."

43.Theunderlinedphrase"prolonglives^^probablymeans"

A.helppeoplekeepsafeB.helppeopleoutofdanger

C.helppeople