2022年安徽省池州市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)

2022年安徽省池州市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Theauthorthoughtthere'snodifferencebetweenthosetextbooksonAmericanGovernment.

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

Localtelevisionchannelsusuallyuse______totransmittheirprogramming.

A.satellitesB.cableC.airwavesD.wires

3.

MartinusvanSchalkwyk,theministerofenvironmentalaffairsandtourism,visitedthesouthDurbanbasinearlierthisyearandsaidthereweremeasuresinplaceto______.

4.

Besidesrelievingbackpain,acupuncturealsoseemstogivepatients______.

A.aspa-likeexperience

B.alingeringhappyfeeling

C.modestbenefitsinskincare

D.increasedbloodcirculation

5.Withoutthehostprocessor,acardholdercannotwithdrawmoneyfromanATM.

6.

ForChristians,Eastereggssymbolize______.

7.

BesurenottousebirthdatesoryourphonenumbersasyourPINbecausethey______.

8.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

Who'sAfraidofGoogle?

RarelyifeverhasacompanyrisensofastinsomanywaysasGoogle,theworld'smostpopularsearchengine.Thisistruebyjustaboutanymeasure:thegrowthinitsmarketvalueandrevenues;thenumberofpeopleclickinginsearchofnews,thenearestpizzaparlororasatelliteimageoftheirneighbor'sgarden;thevolumeofitsadvertisers;orthenumberofitslawyersandlobbyists.

Suchanascentisenoughtoevokeconcerns--bothparanoid(偏执的)andjustified.ThelistofconstituenciesthathateorfearGooglegrowsbytheweek.Televisionnetworks,bookpublishersandnewspaperownersfeelthatGooglehasgrownbyusingtheircontentwithoutpayingforit.TelecomsfirmssuchasAmerica'sAT&TandVerizonareannoyedthatGoogleprospers,intheireyes,byfree-ridingonthebandwidththattheyprovide;anditisabouttobidagainsttheminaforthcomingauctionforradiospectrum.ManysmallfirmshateGooglebecausetheyreliedonexploitingitssearchformulastowinprimepositionsinitsrankings,butdroppedtotheInternet'sequivalentofHadesafterGooglemodifiedthesealgorithms(运算法则).

Andnowcomethepoliticians.LibertariansdislikeGoogle'sdealwithChina'scensors.Conservativesmoanaboutitsuncensoredvideos.Butthebignewfearistodowiththeprivacyofitsusers.Google'sbusinessmodelassumesthatpeoplewillentrustitwithevermoreinformationabouttheirlives,tobestoredinthecompany's"cloud"ofremotecomputers.Someusersnowkeeptheirphotos,blogs,videos,calendars,e-mail,newsfeeds,maps,contacts,socialnetworks,documents,spreadsheets(电子数据表),presentations,andcredit-cardinformation--inshort,muchoftheirlives--onGoogle'scomputers.

Buttheprivacyproblemismuchsubtlerthanthat.AsGooglecompilesmoreinformationaboutindividuals,itfacesnumeroustrade-offs.Atoneextremeitcoulduseaperson'ssearchhistoryandadvertisingresponsesincombinationwith,say,hislocationandtheitineraryinhiscalendar,toserveincreasinglyusefulandwelcomesearchresultsandads.ThiswouldalsoallowGoogletomakemoneyfromitsmanynewservices.Butitcouldscareusersaway.Asawarning,PrivacyInternational,ahuman-rightsorganizationinLondon,hasberatedGoogle,chargingthatitsattitudetoprivacy"atitsmostblatantishostile,andatitsmostbenignisambivalent".

AndGooglecouldsoon,ifitwanted,compilefilesonspecificindividuals.Thispresents"perhapsthemostdifficultprivacyissuesinallofhumanhistory,"saysEdwardFelten,aprivacyexpertatPrincetonUniversity.Speakingformany,JohnBattelle,theauthorofabookonGoogleandanearlyadmirer,recentlywroteonhisblogthat"I'vefoundmyselfmoreandmorewary"ofGoogle"outofsomeprimal,lizard-brainfearofgivingtoomuchcontrolofmydatatoonesource."

MoreJPMorganthanBillGates

GoogleisoftencomparedtoMicrosoft;butitsevolutionisactuallyclosertothatofthebankingindustry.Justasfinancialinstitutionsgrewtobecomerepositoriesofpeople'smoney,andthusguardiansofprivateinformationabouttheirfinances,Googleisnowturningintoasupervisorofafarwiderandmoreintimaterangeofinformationaboutindividuals.Yes,thisappliesalsotorivalssuchasYahoo!andMicrosoft.ButGoogle,throughthesheerspeedwithwhichitaccumulates

A.enteredadesperatefuture

B.transferredadifferentattitudeonGoogle

C.droppedtothecompetitionofInternet

D.obtainedpredominanceintherankings

9.

Insustainablecommunities,rainwaterisregardedas______.

A.areplacementfordrinkingwater

B.afertilizertoenrichsoil

C.renewableresources

D.awasteproduct

10.

Theperiodbetweenanearlysenseofforebodingandanactualcareerinflectionpointisthetimeforyouto______.

11.

Noisecannotonlyspoilpeople'ssleepandsanity,butalsotheirhearingandhealth.

A.YB.NC.NG

12.Traditionalstrategyofmakingoneselfadvertisedmaysometimesbringunexpectednegativeeffectapartfromhighcost.

13.

Studentsfromonedevelopednationtoanotherequalstudentsfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesinnumber.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.NearlyeveryonehasrealizedthatMicrosoftbuyingHotmailhasillustratedtheparadoxofInternet.

15.

Accordingtothepassage，whatisthemostcommontreatmentforsleepapneais______.

A.wearingamaskwhensleeping

B.takinganapeveryday

C.havinglong-timesleeping

D.usingaCPAPmachine

16.

TheLewisCenteratOberlinisanenergy-efficientbuildingandthemajorenergyresourceofitisfrom

17.

Thegreatbiologicplausibilitymakesitpossibletousemicrobicidesandoral-preventiondrugstopreventHIVinthenext10years.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

Whatdolocalresidentsclaimfor?

A.Theyaresickbecauseofyearsofpollution.

B.Theyaresickbecauseofindustriesontheirdoorsteps.

C.Theyaresickbecauseofpesticidesfromagriculture.

D.Theyaresickbecauseofairpollution.

19.

Basedonmanystudies,wecancometotheconclusionthatexposuretomagneticfieldswillcontributetothegrowingincidencesofcertainsite-specificcancer.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.WhichyearisthefewestinviolationoffederalsmogstandardsinLosAngeles?

A.1976B.1979C.1990D.2004

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(28)

A.People'shealth.

B.People'slivesandfutures.

C.Theendoftheworld.

D.TheGreatDepressionof1929.

22.听力原文：M:Hi,Mary,thisisJohn.Doyoumindmycallingatthisearlyhour?

W:Notatall.What'sonyourmind—anythingspecial?

M:It'sonlytofindoutwhatyou'redoingFridaynight.

W:Thatdepends,what'sup?

M:There'safolkconcertattheauditorium.

W:Folkmusic,Idig,butthatwouldtakeawholeeveningandIhaveanappointmentwithMrs.DavidtohelpherwithChineseHistory.

M:Canyoucancelitorpostponeit?

W:I'msorry,itwouldn'tbenicetocalloffanappointmentthatwassetupaweekago.MayItakearaincheck?

M:Sure,whataboutSaturdaythen?

W:What'sontheschedule?

M:Wehaveagoodfootballgameattwo.

W:That'sjustgreat.Ihearalotofpeoplecan'tgetthetickets.

M:I'lltreatyoutosomeChinesefoodinCincinnatiafterthegame.I'msureyou'denjoyChinesefood.Afterdinnerifyoulike,wecantakeinamovie.Howdoesthatsound?

W:ButIwon'thavetimetochangeafterthegame.Idon'twanttowearslackstodinner.

M:Thenwearasweaterandskirtwithyourcarcoat.Orhowaboutyourgreenknitsuitandtopcoat?Youlooksharpinthat.I'llwearthenewscarfyougavemewithmybrownsportsjacketandslacks.Then,wewon'tbetoodressedupforfootballortoodresseddownfordinner.How'sthat?

W:WillwebeOKforthemovietoo?

M:We'llbefine!Onlyonethingmissing.I'llhavetogetyouabiggoldchrysanthemumtowear.Allthegirlsmusthaveone,especiallyfortheirfirstfootballgame—it'satradition.

W:Whatmoviearewegoingtosee?

M:Whatkindofmoviedoyoulikemost—detective,western,romance,cartoons?

W:Ilikelovestoriesbetter.

M:Youwould!Girlsalwaysdo.

W:Anyway,thanksforcalling,I'mlateforclass—thenseeyouSaturday.

(20)

A.Shopping.B.Aconcert.C.Dating.D.Afootball.

23.听力原文：M:Doesyourworkbeginat8o'clockeverymorning?

W:No,Istartat8:30todayand9o'clocktomorrow.

Q:Whattimedoesthewomanstartworktoday?

(17)

A.9o'clock.B.8:30.C.8o'clock.D.10o'clock.

24.(39)

25.

【B2】

26.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Agoodmarriagemeansgrowingasacouplebutalsogrowingasindividuals.Thisisn'teasy;marriagehasalwaysbeendifficult.Whythenareweseeingsomanydivorcesatthistime?Yes,ourmodemsocialfabricisthin,andyes,thepermissivenessofsocietyhascreatedunrealisticexpectationsmidthrewthefamilyintodisorder.Butdivorceissocommonbecausepeopletodayareunwillingtoexercisetheself-disciplinethatmarriagerequires.Theyexpecteasyjoy,liketheentertainmentonTV,thethrillofagoodparty.

Marriagetakessomekindofsacrifice,notdreadfulself-sacrificeofthesoul,butsomelevelofcompromise.Someofone'sfantasies,someofone'slegitimatedesires,havetobegivenupforthevalueofthemarriageitself."Whileallmartialpartnersfeelshackedattimes,itistheywhoreallychoosetomakethemartialtiesintoconfiningchainsorsupportingbonds,"saysDr.Waller.Marriagerequiressexual,financialandemotionaldisciple.Amanandawomancannotfolloweveryimpulse,cannotallowthemtostopgrowingorchanging.

(27)

A.Becauseitisdifficulttomaintainamarriage.

B.BecausepeoplelikewatchingTVprograms.

C.Becausepeoplepreferfreedomtoself-discipline.

D.Becauseoursocietyispermissivetowardsdivorces;

27.(26)

A.Hedoesn'thaveapartner.

B.Hedoesn'tliketoplaygames.

C.Healreadyknowshowtoplay.

D.Hedoesn'thaveenoughfreetime.

28.

【B7】

29.(22)

A.Swimmingpool.B.Gymnasium.C.Tenniscourt.D.Sauna.

30.(33)

A.Becausewemightbeofferedadishofinsects.

B.Becausenothingbutfreshlycookedinsectsareserved

C.Becausesomeyuppiesliketohorrifyguestswithinsectsasfood.

D.Becausewemightmeetmanysuccessfulexecutivesinthemediaindustry.

31.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：M:WasthereagoodturnoutforProfessorDonna'slectureyesterday?

W:Hardly!Fivepeopleshowedup.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(12)

A.Notmanypeopleattendedthelecture.

B.Thelectureturnedoutasexpected.

C.Peoplethoughtthelecturewashardtohear.

D.Thelecturewasexcellent.

32.听力原文：[32]Musicwhichisoriginalisindividualandpersonal.Thatistosay,itcanbeidentifiedasbelongingtoaparticularcomposer.Ithasparticularqualities,orastyle,whicharenotcopiedfromanother.Ifyoucanrecognizethestyle.ofacomposer,youwillprobablybeabletotellthatacertaincompositionbelongstohimorhereventhoughyouhaveneverhearditbefore.Abasket-makerhastheskillofweavinghismaterialstocreatecolorfulpatterns,andanexpertcarpenterhastheskillofjoiningtogetherdifferentshapesandsizesofwoodtomakeabeautifulpieceoffurniture.Theseskillsmaybereferredtoas"workmanship".Similarly,inmusicacomposerorganizeshismelodiesandrhythmsandcombinessoundstocreateharmony.Acomposermaybecapableofthinkingupverygoodandoriginaltunes,yetiftunesarepoorlyorganizedthefinalresultwillnotbestandard.[33]Goodmusicexpressesfeelingsinawaythatissuitabletothosefeelings.Theremaybejoy,sorrow,fear,love,anger,orwhatever.Badmusic,ontheotherhand,mayconfuseunrelatedfeelings,itmaynotexpressanyimportantfeelingsatall,oritmayexaggeratesomefeelingsandmakethemvulgar.[34]Goodmusicwillstandthetestoftime.Itwillgainakindofpermanentstatuswhilebadmusicwilldisappearandbeforgottenquickly.[35]Inpopmusic,wherethegeneral.ruleseemstobe"thenewerthebetter",thetestoftimeisthehardesttestofalltopass.

(33)

A.Ithasapersonalstyle.

B.Itsoundsveryfamiliartoourears.

C.Itisonewhosestyle.youcannotrecognize.

D.Itdoesnotbelongtoanycomposer.

33.(35)

A.Becauseofitssize.

B.Becauseofitsfuel.

C.Becauseofitscomplicatedengine.

D.Becauseofitsburningtime.

34.(47)

35.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Fromthechildtooldage,wealluselanguageasameansof【B1】______ourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaroundus.Whenhumansfirst【B2】______,theywerelikenewbornchildren,unabletousethisvaluabletool.Yetoncelanguagedeveloped,the【B3】______forhuman'skind'sfutureattainmentandculturalgrowthincreased.

Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis【B4】______forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They【B5】______thatourhighevolvedbrainprovidesuswithaninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlowerorganism.Proponentsofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatourpotentialforlanguageis【B6】______,butthatlanguageitselfdevelops【B7】______,asafunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecriticalbiologicaltimesforlanguagedevelopment.

Currentreviewsofinnatenesstheoryaremixed,however,evidencesupportingthe【B8】______ofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.Indeed,moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtinthelowergrades.【B9】______.

Althoughsomeaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnate,languagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeenisolatedfromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.【B10】______Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguageacquisitionthananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitative,learnedbehavior.Inotherwords,childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.【B11】______.

【B1】

36.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：M:HowdoyoulikeProfessorBookman'scourseontheHistoryofPhilosophy?Heisadistinguishedscholaronthatsubject.

W:Heisagreatteacher.ButI'mhavingahardtimewiththereading.IfeellikeIcanneverfinishit.

Q:Whatproblemdoesthewomanhavewiththecourse?

(12)

A.She'shavingahardtimefollowingtheprofessor'slectures.

B.Shedoesn'tlikethewaytheprofessorlectures.

C.Sheisnotinterestedinthecourse.

D.She'shavingdifficultywiththeheavyreadingassignments.

37.听力原文：M:IreallyenjoyedthatTVspecialabouttigerslastnight.Didyougethomeintimetoseeit?

F:Well,yes.ButIwishIcould'vestayedawakelongenoughtoseethewholething.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(14)

A.Shefellasleepwhenwatchingtheprogramme.

B.Shedidn'twatchtheprogrammeatall.

C.Sheenjoyedtheprogrammeverymuch.

D.Shedidn'tunderstandthethemeoftheprogramme.

38.听力原文：M:Okay.MayIseeyourdriver'slicenseplease?

W:What?DidIdoanythingwrong?

M:License,please.Andyourcarregistration.

W:Oh,yeah.It'sheresomewhereintheglovecompartment.Yeah,hereitis.

M:Madame,didyourealizethatyouwerespeedinginaschoolzone?

W:What?No,Ididn't,butthat'sprobablybecausemyodometerisbroken,Imean，malfunctioning.

M:Yes,youweregoing50milesperhourin20milesperhourzone.And,youfailedtocometoacompletestopattheintersectionbackthere.

W:Rollingstopsdon'tcount?

M:And,oneofyourbreaklightsisout,you'renotwearingaseatbelt,andyourdriver'slicenseexpiredsixmonthsago.

W:AndyournameisOfficerSmith?Hey,areyourelatedtotheSmithsintown?Myhusband'scousin'shusband,IthinkhisnameisFred,worksforthepolicedepartmenthere.Oristhatthefiredepartment?Anyway,Ithoughtyoumightbegoodpals,andyouknow...

M:Hey,areyoutryingtoinfluenceanofficer?Icouldhavethiscarimpoundedrightnowbecauseoftheseinfractions.

W:No,ofcoursenot.

M:Okay,then,here'syourticket.Youcaneitherappearincourttopaythefineormailitin.Haveaniceday.

W:Doyoutakecash?

23.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?

24.Whatlawdidthewomanbreakintheschoolzone?

25.Whathappensattheendoftheconversation?

(20)

A.Employerandemployee.

B.Interviewerandinterviewee.

C.Teacherandstudent.

D.Policeofficeranddriver.

39.(34)

A.Youmayhaveunconsciousfearsofcastration.

B.Youmayhaveforgottentowritedownanappointment.

C.Youmaybesecretlyresentingsomeoneinyourlife.

D.Youshouldexamineyourteethforsignsoftrouble.

40.(40)

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

WhyistheSecurityCouncileffectiveonlywhenitspermanentmemberscanreachaconsensus?

A.Becauseeverypermanentmemberhasthevetorightofgreatpowers.

B.BecauseallthepermanentmemberswonintheWorldWarⅡ.

C.BecausetheothermembersoftheSecurityCouncilareinthechargeofthepermanentmembers.

D.Becauseofsomeotherreasonsnotmentionedinthispassage.

42.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Thefirsttwostagesinthedevelopmentofcivilizedmanwereprobablytheinventionofprimitiveweaponsandthediscoveryoffire,althoughnobodyknowsexactlywhenheacquiredtheuseofthelatter.

Theoriginoflanguageisalsoobscure.Nodoubtitbeganverygradually.Animalshaveafewcriesthatserveassignals,buteventhehighestapeshavenotbeenfoundabletopronouncewords,evenwiththemostintensiveprofessionalinstruction.Thesuperiorbrainofmanisapparentlyanecessityforthemasteringofspeech.Whenmanbecamesufficientlyintelligent,wemustsupposethathegraduallyincreasedthenumberofcriesfordifferentpurposes.Itwasagreatdaywhenhediscoveredthatspeechcouldbeusedfornarrative.Therearethosewhothinkinthisrespectpicturelanguageprecededorallanguage.Amancoulddrawapictureonthewallofhiscavetoshowinwhichdirectionhehadgone,orwhatpreyhehopedtocatch.Probablypicturelanguageandorallanguagedevelopedsidebyside.Iaminclinedtothinkthatlanguagehasbeenthemostimportantsinglefactorinthedevelopmentofman.

Twoimportantstagescamenotsolongbeforethedawnofwrittenhistory.Thefirstwasthedomesticationofanimals;thesecondwasagriculture.Agriculturewasastepinhumanprogresstowhichsubsequentlytherewasnothingcomparableuntilourownmachineage.Agriculturemadepossibleanimmenseincreaseinthenumberofthehumanspeciesintheregionswhereitcouldbesuccessfullypracticed.Thesewere,atfirst,onlythoseinwhichnaturefertilizedthesoilaftereachharvest.Agriculturemetwithviolentresistancefromthepastoralnomads(游牧民族),buttheagriculturalwayoflifeprevailedintheendbecauseofthephysicalcomfortsitprovided.

Anotherfundamentaltechnicaladvancewaswriting,which,likespokenlanguage,developedoutofpictures,butassoonasithadreachedacertainstage,itwaspossibletokeeprecordsandtransmitinformationtopeoplewhowerenotpresentwhentheinformationWasgiven.

Theseinventionsanddiscoveries—fire,speech,weapons,domesticanimals,agriculture,andwriting—madetheexistenceofcivilizedcommunitiespossible.Fromabout3000B.C.untilthebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolutionlessthantwohundredyearsagotherewasnotechnicaladvancecomparabletothese.Duringthislongperiodmanhadtimetobecomeaccustomedtohistechnique,andtodevelopthebeliefsandpoliticalorganizationsappropriatetoit.Therewas,ofcourse,animmenseextensionintheareaofcivilizedlife.AtfirstithadbeenconfinedtotheNile,theEuphrates,theTigrisandtheIndus,butattheendoftheperiodinquestionitcoveredmuchthegreaterpartoftheinhabitableglobe.Idonotmeantosuggestthattherewasnotechnicalprogressduringthislongtime;therewasprogress—therewereeventwoinventionsofverygreatimportance,namelygunpowderandthemariner'scompass—butneitherofthesecanbecomparedintheirpowertosuchthingsasspeechandwritingandagriculture.

Animals,eventhehighestapesareunabletopronouncewordsbecausetheyhaveabraincomparatively__________tothatofman.

43.

Researchershavefoundthat______.

A.thequantityofcracksdecidesthespeedofanearthquake

B.thelargeramountofpressure,thefasterthetransmissionsignalsare

C.thelargerthemagnitudeis,thelongerpre-seismicsignalsanearthquakehave.

D.thestresssignalisdetectablewithtwosensorsafewyardsawayfromeachother

44.

WhichisthereactiontakentocopewithGoogle'schallenge?

A.Likingpagesbythemes.

B.CombingtherivalsofGoogle.

C.Developingspreadsheetswithbetterfunctions.

D.Theadditionofhumanisticconsiderationtoarithmeticrules.

45.

Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthepassageprovideinformationtoanswer?

A.Whatisthemostpowerfulinfluenceonthehealthstatusofacountry'spopulation?

B.Whichnationintheworldleadsinhealthstatus?

C.IsthelifeexpectancyofmalesintheU.S.longerthanthatoffemales?

D.Whatarethemostimportantgeneticfactorsinfluencingthehealthofanindividual?

46.Theethicalbehavior.refersto______.

A.theindustrializedcountries'policy

B.thelawinNorway

C.thefaircompetitionincommerce

D.themanagersoffoodfactories

47.Dieting,accordingtoanoldjoke,maynotactuallymakeyoulivelonger,butitsurefeelsthatway.Nevertheless,evidencehasbeenaccumulatingsincethe1930sthatcalorierestriction-reducingananimal'senergyintakebelowitsenergyconsumption—extendslifespananddelaystheappearanceofage-relateddiseasesinrats,dogs,fishandmonkeys.Suchresultshaveinspiredthousandsofpeopletoputupwithconstanthungerinthehopeoflivinglonger,healthierlives.Theyhavealsoledtoasearchfordrugsthatimitatetheeffectsofcalorierestrictionwithoutthepainofgoingonanactualdiet.

Astudy,knownasCALERIE(ComprehensiveAssessmentofLong-termEffectsofReducingIntakeofEnergy),wassponsoredbyAmerica'sNationalInstitutesofHealth.Ittook48menandwomenagedbetween25and50andassignedthemrandomlytoeitheracontrolgrouporacalorie-restrictionregime.Thoseinthesecondgroupwererequiredtocuttheircalorieintakeforsixmonthsto75%ofthatneededtomaintaintheirweight.

TheCALERIEstudyisalandmarkinthehistoryofthefield,becauseitssubjectswereeitherofnormalweightoronlyslightlyoverweight.Previousprojectshaveusedindividualswhowereclinicallyobese(肥胖的),thusconfusingtheunquestionablebenefitstohealthofreducingobesitywiththepossibleadvantagesofcalorierestrictiontotheotherwisehealthy.

Atamolecularlevel,CALERIEsuggeststheseadvantagesarereal.Forexample,thoseonrestricteddietshadshoweddropsinbodytemperatureandblood-insulin(胰岛素)levels—bothphenomenathathavebeenseeninlong-lived,calorie-restrictedanimals.DrRattandoubtswhethercalorierestrictionwillextendmaximumhumanlifeexpectancy.Hearguesthattheconceptsofageingandlongevity(长寿)mustbeseparated.Itmay,indeed,bepossibletoreduceoreliminateparticularage-relateddiseases,andthatwouldincreaseaveragelifespaninthewaythateliminatingotherdiseaseshasdoneinthepast.Butthisisnotthesameasslowingdownagingitself,andthusincreasingmaximumlifespan.Longevityisamorecomplextraitthananyindividualdisease,and,inhisopinion,itwillnotbealteredsoeasily.

CynthiaKenyon,aresearcherlookingintoanti-agingdrugs,believesthatsomemoleculesarelikelytobeapprovedinthenextfivetotenyears,forguardingagainstage-relateddiseases.Peoplethenwillstarttakingthem,andahugenaturalexperimentwillgetunderway.IfDrRattaniswrong,maximumlifespanaswellasaveragelifespanwillincrease.Ifheisright,atleastpeoplewillenjoyahealthieroldage.

Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat______.

A.aneffectivecalorierestrictioninvolvestakinglittlefoodwhiledoingmuchexercise

B.calorierestrictionisprovedtobeeffectiveinpreventingillnessinsomeanimals

C.somedrugsaretakenbypeopletolivelongerwithoutsufferingfromstarvation

D.beforethe1930s,peopledidnotbelieveinthepositiveeffectinextendinglifespan

48.

Whereisthegravitationalpullofboththeearthandthemoononanobjectequal?

A.Inthemiddlebetweentheearthandthemoon.

B.Apointclosertotheearthbetweenthemoonandtheearth.

C.Apointclosertothemoonbetweentheearthandthemoon.

D.Nosuchpointexists.

49.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readt