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2022年吉林省通化市公共英语五级(笔试)测试卷(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________
一、1.ListeningComprehension(15题)1.Chainsmakelearningflexible.
A.RightB.Wrong
2.Whatservicemustbepaidfor?
A.Computerclasses.
B.Trainingsessions.
C.Laserprinting.
D.Packageborrowing.
3.Do-it-YourselfhasbecomeoneofMr.Miller'shobbies.
A.TrueB.Fasle
4.Accordingtothespeaker,whywerelogcabinsespeciallypopulartosettlerswhomovedwest?
A.Theycouldeasilybuildtheloghousesthemselves,
B.Theycouldconstructthehousesfromkits.
C.Theylikedthecozyatmosphereoftheloginterior.
D.Theywantedhomesthatcouldbetransported.
5.Whatadvantagesdoesworkhave?
6.Whatarethestudentsdoingwhenthemanarrivesinclass?
A.Takinganexamination.
B.Drawinggraphs.
C.Givingpresentations.
D.Havingaclassofdiscussion.
7.Governmentbuildingsoftenhavespecialpathsforthosepeoplehandicapped.
A.RightB.Wrong
8.What'sthenumberofstudentsfromMalaysia?
9.Accordingtothespeaker,whatgivesmodernloghomestheirwarmatmosphere?
A.Theirsmallsize.
B.Theirrusticdirtfloors.
C.Theirwallsmadeupofroundedlogs.
D.Theirslidingboardwindows.
10.Whatproblemdoesthemanthinkcanbesolvedifthegovernmentputupsmallunitstobuildsolarpanels?
A.Theheatsupply.
B.Theelectricsupply.
C.Thewatersupply.
D.Theunemploymentsituation.
11.Judgingbytheextraordinarilywarmclothessomepeoplewear,whatmightwelearnaboutthem?
A.Theymaybehomesickandfeelinsecure.
B.Theyareeithercoldorverysick.
C.Theymaytrytoattractotherpeople'sattention.
D.Theywanttoprotectthemselvesfromphysicalinjuries.
12.Chainsdon'tproducetheirowncoursebookmaterial.
A.RightB.Wrong
13.听力原文:Yesterdaywediscussedtheproblemofrisingprices,or,intheeconomist'sterms,inflation.Wenotedthat,duringperiodsofinflation,allpricesandincomesdonotriseatthesamerate.Someincomesrisemoreslowlythanthecostofliving,andafewdonotriseatall.Otherincomesrisemorerapidlythanthecostofliving.
Weconcludedthatpersonswithfixedincomes,forexample,theelderlywhodependuponpensions,andpersonswithslow-risingincomesas,forexample,anemployeewithasalaryagreedtoinalong-termcontract,willbemostseriouslyaffectedbyinflation.Pleaserememberthatwhiletheirdollarincomes,staythesame,thecostofgoodsandservicesrises,andineffect,realincomedecreases,thatis,theyareabletopurchaselesswiththesameamountofmoney.
Wealsotalkedaboutthefactthatstockholdersandpersonswithbusinessinterestsandinvestmentswouldprobablybenefitmostfrominflation,sincehighpriceswouldincreasesalesreceipts,andprofitswouldlikelyrisefasterthanthecostofliving.
Andnow,beforewebegintoday'slecture,arethereanyquestionsabouttheterm,inflationoranyoftheexamplesgiveninourdiscussionsofar?
What'sthemainpurposeofthetalk?
A.Tointroducetheconceptofinflation.
B.Todiscussthecausesofinflation.
C.Toreviewyesterday'slectureoninflation.
D.Toargueinfavorofinflation.
14.Theirschemeisbasedonthepremisethatallpeoplehaveabasicwayof
15.Besidestheproblemofspeakingtoofast,whatelsewillmakelisteningmoredifficult?
二、2.UseofEnglish(10题)16.
【C17】
17.
【C6】
18.(48)
19.(34)
20.
【C11】
21.(35)
22.
【C9】
23.(45)
24.(32)
25.
【C16】
三、3.ReadingComprehension(15题)26.ShortagesoffluvaccinearenothingnewinAmerica,butthisyear'sisawhopper.Untillastweek,itappearedthat100millionAmericanswouldhaveaccesstoflushotsthisfall.ThenBritishauthorities,concernedaboutquality-controlproblemsataproductionplantinLiverpool,barredallfurthershipmentsbytheChironCorp.Overnight,theU.S.vaccinesupplydwindledbynearlyhalfandfederalhealthofficialsfoundthemselvesmakinganunusualplea.Insteadofbeseechingusalltogetvaccinated,they'renowurgingmosthealthypeoplebetweentheagesof2and64notto."Thisreemphasizesthefragilityofourvaccinesupply,"saysDr.MartinMyersoftheNationalNetworkforImmunizationInformation,"andthelackofredundancyinoursystem."
Whyissuchabasichealthservicesoeasilyknockedout?Mainlybecauseprivatecompanieshavehadlittleincentivetopursueit.Tocreateasingledoseoffluvaccine,amanufacturerhastogrowlivevirusina2-week-oldfertilizedchickenegg,thencracktheegg,harvestthevirusandextracttheproteinsusedtoprovokeanimmuneresponse.Profitmarginsarenarrow,demandisfickleand,becauseeachyear'sfluvirusisdifferent,anyleftovervaccinegoestowaste.Asaresult,theUnitedStatesnowhasonlytwomajorsuppliers(ChironandAventisPasteur)--andwhenoneofthemrunsintotrouble,thereisn'tmuchtheothercandoaboutit."Avaccinemakercan'tjustcallupandorder40millionmorefertilizedeggs,"saysManonCox,ofConnecticut-basedProteinSciencesCorp."There'sawholeindustrythat'sscheduledtoproduceacertainnumberofeggsatacertaintime."
Sleekertechnologiesarenowintheworks,andexpertsarehopingthatthisyear'sfiascowillspeedthepaceofinnovation.Themainchallengeistoshiftproductionfromeggsintocellcultures--amediumalreadyusedtomakemostothervaccines.Fluvaccinesareharderthanmosttoproducethisway,butseveralbiotechcompaniesarenowpursuingthisstrategy,andoneculture-basedproduct(SolvayPharmaceuticals'Invivac)hasbeenclearedformarketinginEurope.
ForAmericans,theimmediatechallengeistomakethemostofalimitedsupply.Thegovernmentestimatesthat95millionpeoplestillqualifyforshotsunderthevoluntaryrestrictionsannouncedlastweek.That'snearlytwicethenumberofdosesthatclinicswillhaveonhand,butonly60millionAmericansseekoutshotsinanormalyear.Infact,manyexpertsarehopingtheshortagewillserveasanawarenesscampaign--encouragingthepeoplewhoreallyneedaflushottogetone.
Shortagesoffluevaccineshowthat______.
A.Americareliestoomuchonforeignsuppliers
B.thedemandoffluevaccinesishighthisyear
C.qualityproblemisaseriousprobleminfluvaccineproduction
D.thesupplyoffluvaccinesisratherweakandAmericahasnoback-upmeasurestomakeitup
27.(74)
28.PartB
Directions:Inthefollowingarticlesomeparagraphshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions66-70,choosethemostsuitableparagraphfromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedgaps.Thereisoneparagraphwhichdoesnotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.
DoesthepublisherofDouglasStarr'sexcellentBlood—AnEpicHistoryofMedicineandCommerceactuallyexpecttosellmanycopies?Whoeverchosethetitleiscertaintoscareoffthesqueamish,andthesubtitle,whichmakestheeffortsoundlikeadry,densesurveytext,hasreallydonethisbookadisservice.Infact,thebraveandcuriouswillenjoyabrightlywritten,intriguing,anddisquietingbook,withsomeimportantlessonsforpublichealth.
66.______
Thebookbeginswithahistoricalviewoncenturiesofloreaboutblood—inparticular,thebeliefthatbloodcarriedtheevilhumorsofdiseaseandrequiredoccasionaldraining.AsrecentlyastheRevolutionaryWar,bloodlettingwaswidelyappliedtotreatfevers.Theideaofusingoneperson'sbloodtohealanotherisonlyabout75yearsold—althoughroguescientistshadexperimentedwithtransfusinganimalbloodatleastasearlyasthe1600s.Thefirsttransfusionexperimentsinvolvedstitchingadonor'svein(inearlycasesthephysician's)toapatient'svein.
67.______
Sabotagedbynotionsaboutthe"purity"oftheirgroups'blood,JapanandGermanylaggedwellbehindtheAlliesintransfusionscience.OncetheyrealizedtheywerelosinginjuredtroopstheAllieshadlearnedtosave,theytriedtocatchup,conductinghorribleandunproductiveexperimentssuchasdrainingbloodfromPOWsandinjectingthemwithhorsebloodorpolymers.
68.______
Duringtheearlytomid-1980s,Starrsays,10,000Americanhemophiliacsand12,000otherscontractedHIVfromtransfusionsandreceiptofbloodproducts.Bloodbanksbothhereandabroadmovedslowlytoacknowledgethethreatofthevirusandinsomecasesevenactedwithcriminalnegligence,allowingthedistributionofbloodtheyknewwastainted.Thisisnotnewmaterial.ButStarr'sinsightsaddadimensiontoastoryfirstexploredinthelateRandyShilts'sAndtheBondPlayedOn.
69.______
Isthebloodsupplysafenow?Screeningproceduresandtechnologyhavegottenmuchmoreadvanced.Yetit'sdisturbingtoreadStarr'scontentionthatapersonreceivingmultipletransfusionstodayhasabouta1in90,000chanceofcontractingHTV—farhigherthanthe"oneinamillion"figurethatbloodbankersonceblithelyandfalselyquoted.Moreover,newpathogensthreatentoemergeandspreadthroughtheincreasinglyhigh-speed,globalblood-productnetworkfasterthansciencecanstopthem.ThispromptsStarrtoarguethattoday'sbloodstoresare"simultaneouslysaferandmorethreatening"thanwhendistributionwaslesssophisticated.
70.______
A.Themassivewartimeblooddriveslaidthegroundworkformodernblood-banking,whichhassavedcountlesslives.Unfortunately,thesedevelopmentsalsosetthestageforagreatmoderntragedy—thespreadofAIDSthroughtheinternationalbloodsupply.
B.Thereissomuchdrama,power,resonance,andimportantinformationinthisbookthatitwouldbeashameifthesqueamishwerescaredoff.Perhapsthekeylessonisthis:Thepublichealthmustalwaysbeguardedagainstthepressuresandpitfallsofcompetitivemarketsandhumanfallibility.
C.Inhischronicleofaresource,Starrcoversanenormousamountofground.Hegivesusanaccountofmankind'sattitudesovera400-yearperiodtowardsthis"precious,mysterious,andhazardousmaterial";ofmedicine'seffortstounderstand,control,anddevelopblood'slife-savingproperties;andofthemultibillion-dollarindustrythatbenefitsfromit.Hedescribesdisparateinstitutionsthatuseblood,fromthemilitaryandthepharmaceuticalindustrytob
29.Throughouthistorytherehavebeenmanyunusualtaxesleviedonsuchthingsashats,beds,baths,marriages,andfunerals.AtonetimeEnglandleviedataxonsunlightbycollectionfromeveryhouseholdwithsixormorewindows.Andaccordingtolegend,therewasaTurkishrulerwhocollectedataxeachtimehedinedwithoneofhissubjects.Why?Topayforthewearandtearonhisteeth!
Differentkindsoftaxeshelptospreadthetaxburden.Anyonewhopaysataxissaidto"beartheburden"ofthetax.Theburdenofataxmayfallmoreheavilyonsomepersonsthanonothers.Thatiswhythethreelevelsofgovernmentinthiscountryuseseveralkindsoftaxes.Thisspreadstheburdenoftaxesamongmorepeople.Fromthestandpointoftheiruse,themostimportanttaxesareincometaxes,propertytaxes,salestaxes,andestate,inheritance,andgifttaxes.Someareusedbyonlyonelevelofgovernment;othersbytwoorevenallthreelevels.Togetherthesedifferenttaxesmakeupwhatiscalledourtaxsystem.
Incometaxesarethemainsourceoffederalrevenues.Thefederalgovernmentgetsmorethanthree-fourthsofitsrevenuefromincometaxes.Asitsnameindicated,anincometaxisataxonearnings.Bothindividualsandbusinesscorporationspayafederalincometax.
TheoldesttaxintheUnitedStatestodayisthepropertytax.Itprovidesmostoftheincomeforlocalgovernments.Itprovidesatleastapartoftheincomeforallbutafewstates.Itisnotusedbythefederalgovernment.
Asalestaxisatanleviedonpurchases.MostpeoplelivingindieUnitedStatesknowaboutsalestaxessincetheyareusedinallbutfourstates.Actuallythereareseveralkindsofsalestaxes,butonlythreeofthemareimportant.Theyaregeneralsalestaxes,excisetaxes,andimporttaxes.
Otherthreecloselyrelatedtaxesareestate,inheritance,andgifttaxes.Everythingapersonowns,includingbothrealandpersonalproperty,makesuphisorherestate.Whensomeonedies,ownershipofhisorherpropertyorestatepassesontooneormoreindividualsororganizations.Beforethepropertyistransferred,however,itissubjecttoanestatetaxifitsvalueexceedsacertainamount.
ThereasonthattheTurkishrulercollectedadiningtaxistopayfor______.
A.theinconvenienceforhimtoputonandtakeoffclothes
B.thedamagethateatingdidtohisteeth
C.hiseffortstocutthefoodintopieces
D.thedecayofhisteethbecauseofsugar
30.
Whatcanweinferfromthesecondparagraph?
A.Somefamiliesaretoopoortopaythefullamountofthetuition.
B.Theparentsdonotfavortheform.ofloans.
C.Payingthetuitionmakestheparentsfeelhumble.
D.Thosewhoareingreatneedmaynotgetwhattheyneed.
31.(75)
32.
Thearticleconcludesthat______.
A.thecreationofjobsforallisanimpossibility
B.oureffortsandresourcesintermsoftacklingunemploymentareinsufficient
C.peopleshouldbeginsupportingthemselvesbylearningapracticalskill
D.weshouldhelpthosewhosejobsareonlypart-time
33.
Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat______.
A.thegovernmenthopestosolvetheproblembywayofvolunteerrestrictions
B.morethan47millionAmericanswhoarequalifiedtogetfluvaccineshotscannotgetthemthisyear
C.Americahastodealwithalimitedsupplyoffluvaccinesthisyear
D.normallyonlyasmallpercentageofAmericanpopulationgetsfluvaccineshotseachyear
34.PartC
Directions:Answerquestions71-80byreferringtothefollowinggames.
Note:AnswereachquestionbychoosingA,BorCandmarkitonANSWERSHEET1.Somechoicesmayberequiredmorethanonce.
Answerquestions71~80byreferringtothefollowinggames.
Note:AnswereachquestionbychoosingA,B,CorD.Somechoicesmayberequiredmorethanonce.
A=HydropowerB=NuclearpowerC=SolarpowerD=Windpower
Whichpower(power's)…
A
Hydropower
Introduction
Wehaveusedrunningwaterasanenergysourceforthousandsofyears,mainlytogrindcom.
ThefirsthouseintheworldtobelitbyhydroelectricitywasCragsideHouse,inNorthumberland,England,in1878.In1882ontheFoxRiver,intheUSA,hydroelectricityproducedenoughpowertolighttwopapermillsandahouse.
Nowadaystherearemanyhydro-electricpowerstations,providingaround20%oftheworld'selectricity.Thenamecomesfrom“hydro”,theGreekwordforwater.
Howitworks
Adamisbuilttotrapwater,usuallyinavalleywherethereisanexistinglake.
Waterisallowedtoflowthroughtunnelsinthedam,toturnturbinesandthusdrivegenerators.
Advantages
Oncethedamisbuilt,theenergyisvirtuallyfree.
Nowasteorpollutionproduced.
Muchmorereliablethanwind,solarorwavepower.
Watercanbestoredabovethedamreadytocopewithpeaksindemand.
Hydro-electricpowerstationscanincreasetofullpowerveryquickly,unlikeotherpowerstations.
Disadvantages
Thedamsareveryexpensivetobuild.
Buildingalargedamwillfloodaverylargeareaupstream,causingproblemsforanimalsthatusedtolivethere.
Findingasuitablesitecanbedifficult--theimpactonresidentsandtheenvironmentmaybeunacceptable.
Waterqualityandquantitydownstreamcanbeaffected,whichcanhaveanimpactonplantlife.
Isitrenewable?
Hydro-electricpowerisrenewable.
TheSunprovidesthewaterbyevaporationfromthesea,andwillkeepondoingso.
B
Nuclearpower
Introduction
NuclearpowerisgeneratedusingUranium,whichisametalminedinvariouspartsoftheworld.
Thefirstlarge-scalenuclearpowerstationopenedatCalderHallinCambria,England,in1956.
Somemilitaryshipsandsubmarineshavenuclearpowerplantsforengines.
Howitworks
Nuclearpowerstationsworkinprettymuchthesamewayasfossilfuel-burningstations,exceptthata“chainreaction”insideanuclearreactormakestheheatinstead.
ThereactorusesUraniumrodsasfuel,andtheheatisgeneratedbynuclearfission.Neutronssmashintothenucleusoftheuraniumatoms,whichsplitroughlyinhalfandreleaseenergyintheform.ofheat.
Carbondioxidegasispumpedthroughthereactortotaketheheataway,andthehotgasthenheatswatertomakesteam.
Advantages
Nuclearpowercostsaboutthesameascoal,soit'snotexpensivetomake.
Doesnotproducesmokeorcarbondioxide,soitdoesnotcontributetothegreenhouseeffect.
Produceshugeamountsofenergyfromsmallamountsoffuel.
Producessmallamountsofwaste.
Disadvantages
Althoughnotmuchwasteisproduced,itisvery,verydangerous.
Itmustbesealedupandburiedformanyyearstoallowtheradioactivitytodieaway.
Nuclearpowerisreliable,butalotofmoneyhastobespentonsafety.
Isitrenewable?
Nuclearenergyfrom
35.
Thefederalgovernmentgetsmostoftheirincomefrom______.
A.propertyaxB.incometaxC.salestaxD.estatetax
36.
Accordingtothepassage,thesolutionofferedbythetechnicianwas______.
A.effectiveB.economicalC.unpracticalD.unacceptable
37.
Theexpression"optoutofsuchdatacollection"(inthelastparagraph)probablymeans______.
A.pickoutfromsuchdatatheinformationoneneeds
B.shiftthroughsuchdatatocollectone'sowninformation
C.evaluatethepurposeforsuchdatacollection
D.choosenottobeinvolvedinsuchdatacollection
38.(70)
39.
WhatdoestheauthorthinkofBotticelli'srepresentationskills?
A.Theyaretobefullyappreciated.
B.Theyevolvefromanuncertainsource.
C.Theyunderliehispersonality.
D.Theyconform.totheclassicalstyle.
40.(77)
四、阅读理解(5题)41.
第
42
题
2.__________
42.
第
29
题
Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat__________.
43.
根据下列文章回答21~25题:
第
21
题
Concerningtheprotectionofprivacyandincreasedsurveillanceofcommunication,theauthorseemstoinsiston__________.
44.
第
44
题
4.__________
45.
第
24
题
Intheirstudy,researchersledbyPierreMaquettookadvantageofthetechniqueof__________.
参考答案
1.A
2.C
3.A
4.A
5.Satisfactionandmoney.
6.C
7.B
8.over23000/23000
9.C
10.D
11.A
12.B
13.C
14.seeingtime
15.Aforeignaccent.
16.dividedivide解析:根据上下文语境,这里是“分为”,divide…upinto意为“把…划分为”。所以此处应填动词“divide”。
17.surveysurvey解析:根据后面的数据,空缺处指的是1993年的一项调查问卷,所以此处应填“survey”。
18.AsAs解析:此句意为“…后一种观点的例子,…”显然,空处应填“作为”。
19.forfor解析:解析见上题。desire后面用介词for。故答案为for,表示“…的欲望”。
20.whichwhich解析:由此句句子成分分析,此空以后的应为定语从句,修饰characteristics,所以此空应填which,引导定语从句。
21.gogo解析:gotoone’sheads的意思是“展现、表现”,俗语。用在文中表示“把…写在脸上”,生怕别人不知道的显摆。故答案为go。
22.killingkilling解析:本句意为“通过无控制地使用杀虫剂,人类已经污染了土地,…野生动物。”显然,此空处应填“杀害”,但不能填kill,因为英语中无连词时不可能有两个谓语,故应填killing,killingthewildlife是现在分词做伴随状语。
23.whatwhat解析:显然,此空后的句子应为“obscure”的宾语从句,而“isbeingwritten”中缺主语,可做主句的宾语、从句的主语的只有what。
24.firstfirst解析:根据题意,作者想在这里做一个比较,而比较的对象是目的。这里作者仅仅给出了两个目的,所以这里是和第一个目的进行比较。故答案为first。
25.takestakes解析:要注意时态,这里意为“占据”,所以所以此处应填“takes”。
26.D解析:第一段最后一句话指出了疫苗短缺所暴露出来的问题。“Thisreemphasizesthefragilityofourvaccinesupply.”saysDr.MartinMyersoftheNationalNetworkforImmunizationInformation,“andthelackofredundancyinoursystem.”“这再次凸显出我们疫苗供应的脆弱性,”全国免疫信息网的马丁·迈尔斯医生说,“此外,我们也没有必要的补救机制。”因此正
27.C解析:由C中的第一段最后一句话“…occupyingabuildingspaceof90thousandsquaremeters”可知。
28.CC解析:由下一段第一句“Thebookbeginswith…”可知,只有C放于此空处才可以与下文衔接,意思连贯。
29.B解析:由短文第一段中的“Andaccordingtolegend,therewasaTurkishrulerwho…Topayfortheweal"andtearonhisteeth.”。
30.D解析:原文对应信息是:“Eagertoboosttheirmagazinerankings,whicharebasedinpartonthetestscoresOfenteringfreshmen.they'rethrowingmoreaidatsmarterkids—whethertheyneeditornot.”该句话说明“学校为了提高其杂志排名,就给那些比较聪明的孩子经济上给予较大的帮助,不管他们需不需要帮助”。由此可以看出,急需帮助的学生并不一定就能
31.A解析:由A中advantage第一句话“Hydro-electricpowerstationscanincreasetofullpowerveryquickly,unlikeotherpowerstations.”可知答案为A。
32.A解析:由全文看,作者支持的一种观点是“为所有人创造工作机会是不可能的”。
33.B解析:由第四段第二句“Thegovernmentestimatesthat95millionpeo
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