高中英语阅读猜词技巧精编版

高中英语阅读猜词技巧精编版第1页/共43页Guessinggame第2页/共43页Penguin['pɛngwɪn]

ThepenguinisakindofanimalThepenguinisakindofseabirdThepenguinisakindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPole.Itisfatandwalksinafunnyway第3页/共43页Mostkindsofcrabsliveinthewater.crab[kræb]

Itisakindofanimal.Ithasahardshell.Ithaseightlegs.Itisverydeliciousafterbeingcooked.第4页/共43页afatcatwhenpigsfly肥猫当猪在飞第5页/共43页Lucymarriedamanwhoownsabigcompanyandhasmillionsofdollars.Heisreallyafatcat.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedphrase?大款，大亨第6页/共43页Peterisverylazyandheneverdoeshishomework.Hecangotoauniversitywhenpigsfly.Accordingtothepassage,“whenpigsfly”means_______.不可能第7页/共43页Heavy

rainHeavynewsHeavyfoodHeavyappearanceHeavysleeperHeavysmoker令人悲痛的消息暴雨油腻的食物粗陋的长相睡觉沉的人烟鬼第8页/共43页Ifyoumeetnewwordswhenreading,whatwillyoudo?1.Paynoattentionandcontinuereading.2.Lookthemupinthedictionary.3.Guessthemeaning.

第9页/共43页要求考生读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的短文以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：１、理解主旨要义；２、理解文中具体信息；

３、根据上下文推断生词的词义；

４、作出判断和推理；５、理解文章的基本结构；６、理解作者的意图、观点和态度。高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求第10页/共43页homeworkhometownhomelesshomepagehomelandhomesickI

1.合成法(Compounding)

I.MakefulluseofthewordformationFarawayfromhome第11页/共43页forget-me-not__________baby-sitter__________

out-of-datecomputer________outbreakofBirdFlu____________勿忘我过时的电脑禽流感爆发Canyouguesstheirmeaning?

I.Makefulluseofthewordformation看孩子的人

第12页/共43页nonjudgmental:没有判断力的judge

judgment

judgmental判断v.判断n.adj.nonjudgmental:2.派生法(Derivation)加前缀或后缀I.Makefulluseofthewordformation第13页/共43页1.Iwillnotmakefriendswithadishonest

person.2.Whenthelittleboyfinished,hisfatherwas

speechless.3.Ifsomeathletesusedrugs,itisunfairtotheothers.

首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律,其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如:un-,im-,mis-,-less,-ness等。小结dis+honestspeech+lessun+fairI.Makefulluseofthewordformation第14页/共43页

super-inter-mini-micro--someanti-co-post-pre--ship

在……之间超易于……的极小的反对后身份，资格微小一同，一起之前第15页/共43页

表否定un-,non-,in-,dis-

表相反un-,de-,dis-,counter-

错误失当mis-,mal-,pseudo-

表向背pro-,anti-

表程度arch-,super-,ultra-,

over-,under-,mini-,semi-,

表时间pre,fore-,post-

表方位sub-,inter-,trans-

prefixdecontroltransplantcounterattack解除控制

移植

反击

第16页/共43页suffix-able（能…的）-less（无，不）wards（向）-ship（身份；资格；性质）-some（易于…的）hood（状态；性质；时期）-ish（如…的；有点儿…的）-proof(防…的；不能穿透的）-scape（景）-most(最…的）waterproofstreetscapeinnermostspeechless第17页/共43页supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronounce(非自然的)

homelessnonsmoker(无家可归的)rebuildeastwards(重建)

Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波)(非烟民)(发错音)(向东)I.Makefulluseofthewordformation第18页/共43页Brunch__________Smog__________Chinglish________Smilence

____________breakfast+lunch

smoke+fog

Chinese+Englishsmile+silenceI.Makefulluseofthewordformation3.取头取尾(blending)早中饭烟雾中式英语笑而不语第19页/共43页I.MakefulluseofthewordformationTheGuardian(卫报)describedthesceneofafriend’sfaceburiedinascreenas"adistinctly21st—centuryproblem”.Anewwordhasbeencreatedtodescribethis—phubbing.Itistheactoflookingatyourmobilephoneinsteadofpayingattentiontoothersduringasocialinteraction(互动交流).(2014成都二诊C篇)Whatdoestheword“phubbing”mean?

第20页/共43页Phubbing低头族Phubbing=phone+snub(冷落)第21页/共43页2.派生法(Derivation)

添加前缀prefix

和后缀suffix)I.Usingwordformation利用构词法3.去头去尾法(Blending)UsingWordFormation1.合成法(Compounding)第22页/共43页1.Hewould______thegoldfromhisgrandma.2.Unlikehisbrother,Hobartisquite______.Howtoguessthemissingwords?Harveyisathief:hewould______thegoldfromhisgrandmaandnotfeelguilty.stealUnlikehisbrother,whoistrulyahandsome

person,

Hobartisquite____________.ordinary-lookingplain/homelyⅡ.Usingcontextclues利用上下文语境第23页/共43页1.定义描述3.因果关系2.同义反义4.举例归纳5.生活常识6.上下文推测Ⅱ.Usingcontextclues利用上下文语境UsingContextClues第24页/共43页

◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.◎Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.

动物学家

牧羊人1、定义描述小结：通常由定语从句或同位语引出词的具体含义[zəʊ'ɒlədʒɪst]第25页/共43页2.同义词

◎

Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostas

plumpasmother,andmuchshorter.◎Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain,thefarmershavetoirrigate,orwater,theirfields.◎Alltheothermembersareofthesameopinion.Theyareunanimous.

圆胖的灌溉一致同意的[juː'nænɪməs]第26页/共43页反义词

◎ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.

◎Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate.

◎Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.污秽的天生的混乱第27页/共43页

由and或or，like,as…as,thesameas等连接的两个词构成同义关系；表转折关系的词常有如but,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,unlike,yet,otherwise,though

，incontrast,onthecontrary等。小结第28页/共43页3、因果关系◎

Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.◎

Theriverisso

turbid

thatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.◎Tomisconsideredanautocratic

administratorbecausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers.贫穷的混浊的独断专行的第29页/共43页

常用关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，so,so…that,such…thattherefore等)表示前因后果。小结第30页/共43页4、举例归纳法◎

Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevices

suchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.◎

Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽装置第31页/共43页

常用suchas,like，forexample,forinstance等引出例子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳出总称词即词义。小结第32页/共43页◎Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.◎Inthestrongwind,thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold.◎Oneofsymptomscausedbythepeculiarillnessisahighfever.

波纹,涟漪颤抖症状

5、生活经验,生活常识,逻辑推理

第33页/共43页

小结根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将生词推测出来。因此平时多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了。第34页/共43页6.根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义例题：Tomcan’tfindhissneakers.C.shoesTomcan’tfindhiswhitesneakers．Tomcan’tplaytennisnowbecausehecan’tfindhiswhitesneakers.A.moneyB.bowls第35页/共43页

小结所谓“词不离句，句不离章“讲的就是对于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情景。所以在猜测生词词义或句意时，一定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子，对词或句子进行合情合理的推测，排除肤浅的表义，选择蕴含在其中的深意。第36页/共43页

高考实战演练Areyouready?第37页/共43页1.Chickenbecomesrottenveryquickly.Thatistosay,itcangobadinarefrigeratorifitisleftthereformorethanaweek.Ifyouhaveanydoubtthatthemeatisbad,don’teatit.Insteadinspectitverycarefully:Checkthesmell,howitlooksandfeels.

1.“rotten”means________.A.badB.goodC.delicious2.“inspect”_______.