【英语】英语阅读理解专题练习及答案

一、中考英语阅读理解汇编1.阅读理解Peopleindifferentcountriesspeakdifferentlanguages.Butistherealanguagethatcanbeunderstoodbyeveryoneintheworld?Ifthereis,theanswermightbeEMOJIS（表情符号）.Emojisareakindofspeciallanguage.Picturesareusedtoputmeaningacross.AgroupcalledtheUnicodeConsortiumworksonchoosingemojis.Ithasaddednewemojiseveryyearsince2014.Theyshowwhatpeoplethinkaboutandlike.Emojiscanbeusedtorepresent（代表）differentgroupsofpeople.In2015,emojifaceswithdifferentskintones（肤色）wereadded.In2016,differentjobswereadded,suchasdoctor,policeofficerandpainter.Thisyear,emojisofdisabledpeoplewereaddedincludingemojisofblindpeopleandpeopleinwheelchairs.Butthereisalsomoretoemojis.Theycanalsoreferto（指的是）popcultureandnewculturaltrends（潮流）.Newemojisin2019alsoincludeseveralanimals,suchassloths（树懒）andflamingos（火烈鸟）.Theseanimalsarenotverycommon,butareknowntomanypeople.Forexample,slothshavebecomepopularbecauseofthe2016filmZootopia（《疯狂动物城》）.Manyfashiondesigners（设计师）haveincludedflamingosintheirdesignsinrecentyears.Thisanimalmakespeoplefeellikethey'reonavacation.Itseemsthatemojisareamirroroftheworldwelivein.Itwillbeinterestingtoseehowtheychangeandgrowintheyearstocome.（1）Emojisuse_toexpressideas.A.music B.sounds C.words D.pictures（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph2referto?A.TheUnicodeConsortium.B.Anemoji.C.Acountry.D.Alanguage.（3）Inwhichyearwereemojisofdisabledpeopleadded?A.In2014. B.In2015. C.In2016. D.In2019.（4）Accordingtothepassage,emojisincludethefollowingEXCEPT—.peoplewithdifferentskintonespopularfilmssomeinterestinganimalsdifferentjobs（5）WhichsentenceisNotTrueaccordingtothepassage?Peopleallovertheworldmightunderstandemojis.Emojiscanrepresentpopculture.Manyfashiondesignersusedslothsintheirworks.Emojisarechangingandgrowingeveryyear.【答案】(1)DAD(4)B(5)C【解析】【分析】大意：本文介绍表情符号的发展史和用途及意义。(1)细节题。根据Picturesareusedtoputmeaningacross.可知，表情符号通过图画来表达想法，故选D。(2)词义猜测题。根据AgroupcalledtheUnicodeConsortiumworksonchoosingemojis.It_hasaddednewemojiseveryyearsince2014.可知，it在这里指代theUnicodeConsortium(统一编码组织)，故选A。(3)细节题。根据Thisyear,emojisofdisabledpeoplewereaddedincludingemojisofblindpeopleandpeopleinwheelchairs.可知，此处的thisyear指2019年，即是2019年残疾人被增加到表情符号中，故选D。(4)细节题。根据In2015,emojifaceswithdifferentskintones(肤色)wereadded.In2016,differentjobswereadded,suchasdoctor,policeofficerandpainter.Newemojisin2019alsoincludeseveralanimals,可知，文章提到了表情符号包括肤色，有趣的动物和不同的工作，但是未提到电影，故选B。(5)细节题。根据Manyfashiondesigners(设计师)haveincludedflamingosintheirdesignsinrecentyears.可知，许多设计师在他们的作品里使用了火烈鸟，而不是树懒，故选C。【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题和词义猜测题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节题需要从文中寻找答案；词句猜测题需要联系上下文，推出词句的意思。2.阅读理解MrScotttalkedaboutcoloursallthetime."Whatahoney—yellowmorningitis!"hesaidtohiswife.Hiswifeplantedfruitandvegetablesintheirgarden,butMrScottwasmoreinterestedintheleafyplants,thebushes,andeventhegrassthatgrewinthegarden."Somanykindsofgreen,"hesaidtoherafterwateringalltheplants."Icountedatleasttwentyshadesofgreen!""Welldone,dear,"MrsScottsaid."Nowwouldyoupleasecounttwentydollarsandgotothesupermarketforsomeingredients(配料)？Iwanttomakelunch!"Withasmileonhisface,MrScottleftatonce.Heenjoyedtripstothesupermarketbecauseofallthecolourfulcansandboxesinit.Fruitandvegetables,too,shoneintheirbrightskins.Therewasneverjustonecolour:carrotswereorange,butalsohadbitsofyellowandbrowninthem.Bananaswereyellowandblack;appleshidorangesandpurplesinsidetheirreds.MrScottwouldwalkthroughthesupermarketandenjoyallthecoloursaroundhim."IwishtherewasastorefullofcoloursthatIcouldspendallmytimein,"hesighed.Heboughteverythingonhiswife'slistandcamehome.Whenhewalkedintothehouse,MrsScottnoticedthesadlookonhisface."What'swrong?"sheaskedhim."Itlookslifeyouhadfunatthestore.Icanseethatyoupickedoutthebestthings.""Ididhavefuninthestore.SomuchthatIwishIcouldhavespentmoretimethere.It'ssofullofcolours!"MrScottsaid."Isee,"MrsScottsaid."Well,cheerup,becauseI'mgoingtocookanicelunchforus!"ThenextdayMrScottwasonhisusualmorningwalkthroughtheneighbourhood,sayinghellotoeveryone,enjoyingthecoloursofthetreesandflowers.Itwasanotherdayofcolours!"Goodmorning,MrBrown,"hecalledouttooneofhisneighbours.HelikedMrBrownverymuch,because,well,youguessedit:hisnamewasacolour!"MrScott!JustthepersonIwantedtosee!"MrBrownreplied."MywifeandIaremovingoutofthistown,andIneedsomeonetotakeovermyshop.Youaretheperfectpersonforthejobbecauseit'sapaintshop!Ineedsomeonewhoknowsitscolours.Wouldyoubeinterested?"MrScottwasmadwithexcitement."Iwilltakeitoverrightaway!"MrBrownwasrelievedwhenhelefttown,becauseheknewhispaintshopwasingoodhands.Sureenough,MrScottkeptthepaintshopopenfortwentymoreyearsandgottotalkaboutcoloursallday,everyday.WhydidMrScottcomehomefromthesupermarketsadly?Hehatedshoppinginthesupermarket.Hedidn'tenjoythecoloursinthesupermarket.Hedidn'thaveenoughmoneytobuyeverythingonhiswife'slist.Helikedthecoloursinthesupermarketsomuchthathedidn'twanttoleave.WhydidMrScottlikeMrBrownverymuch?A.Theywereneighbours. B.MrBrownhadapaintshop.C.Theysharedthesamehobby. D.MrBrown'snamewasacolour.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"relieved"mean?A.宽慰 B.不舍 C.犹豫 D.烦恼What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.AcolourfulpaintshopB.AcolourloverC.AfriendlyneighbourD.Ahappycouple【答案】(1)DDAB【解析】【分析】主要讲了Scott先生一直谈论颜色。(1)细节题。根据MrsScottnoticedthesadlookonhisface."What'swrong?"sheaskedhim."Itlookslifeyouhadfunatthestore.Icanseethatyoupickedoutthebestthings."斯科特夫人注意到他脸上的悲伤表情。〃怎么了？〃她问他。看来你在店里玩得很开心。我看得出你选了最好的东西。〃可知Scott先生喜欢超市的颜色，所以不想离开，故选D。细节题。根据HelikedMrBrownverymuch,because,well,youguessedit:hisnamewasa^［。口内可知Scott喜欢布朗先生的原因是brown是一个颜色，故选D。(3)推断题。根据becauseheknewhispaintshopwasingoodhands.因为他知道他的油漆

店很好，所以布朗先生是宽慰的，故选A。(4)主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了Scott喜欢一直谈论颜色，是一个颜色爱好者，故选B。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。3.阅读理解AIfwelaidallofthebloodvessels（血管） intheAIfwelaidallofthebloodvessels（血管） inthehumanbodyendtoend,theywouldreachabout100,000kmlong.That'snearlytwoandahalftimesaroundEarth!BForthefirsttime,Coca-Colahasshowedthatituses3,000,000tonsofplasticbottleseachyear.That'stheweightof15,000bluewhales-thelargestanimalonEarth.CIfyourthroattickles（发痒）,pressingyourearmightmakeitgoaway.That'sbecauseyourthroatandearssharethesamegroupofnerves（神经）.Whenyoupressyourear,thenervesinyourthroatcanfeelit.Ittakesabout7to8treestomakeenoughO2foronepersontobreatheforayear.Eachpersonneedsaround750kgof02peryear.Alargetreemightmakearound100kgof02peryear.Toyoungchildren,ayearmightseemtolastforever.Butolderpeoplemightsaytha，itfliesby.Whyisthat?AccordingtotheUSscientists,youngpeople'sbrainsdealwithinformationfasterthanolderpeople.Theytakeinmoreinformationanddomorethingsinaday.Sotheyfeellikeeachdaylastslonger.However,olderpeople'sbrainstakeinlessinformationandseeadaypassmorequickly.About200（肌肉）musclesworktogetherwhenyoutakeastep.That'salotofworkforyourmuscles,sincemanypeopletakeabout10,000stepsaday.Ifyouwanttogetsomeeasyexercise,Ittakesabout7to8treestomakeenoughO2foronepersontobreatheforayear.Eachpersonneedsaround750kgof02peryear.Alargetreemightmakearound100kgof02peryear.Toyoungchildren,ayearmightseemtolastforever.Butolderpeoplemightsaytha，itfliesby.Whyisthat?AccordingtotheUSscientists,youngpeople'sbrainsdealwithinformationfasterthanolderpeople.Theytakeinmoreinformationanddomorethingsinaday.Sotheyfeellikeeachdaylastslonger.However,olderpeople'sbrainstakeinlessinformationandseeadaypassmorequickly.About200（肌肉）musclesworktogetherwhenyoutakeastep.That'salotofworkforyourmuscles,sincemanypeopletakeabout10,000stepsaday.Ifyouwanttogetsomeeasyexercise,walkingisgoodforyou.（1）MatchpassagesA~Fwiththetwotopics:①People&Surroundings;②TheHumanBody.Whichofthefollowingisright?A.①-AB;A.①-AB;②-CDEFB.①-BDF;②-ACEC.①-BD;②-ACEF（2）What'sthebesttitleforallthesixpassages?A.SurprisingWord B.AmazingFacts C.UnbelievableFiguresWhydoestheeditorpresentrendersthesixpassages?TohelpreadersknowmoreabouthumanbodyandenvironmentalprotectionToaskreaderstoprotecttheenvironmentandtakemoreexercise.Totellreaderstohaveunhealthydrinkandplantmoretrees.Whichofthefollowingquestionsisansweredinthepassage?Whydokidsandolderpeoplefeelayeardifferently?Whycouldalargetreeproduceabout100kgofQperyear?Howdoour200musclesworktogetherwhenwetakeastep?Whichofthefollowingleadstothefigure"30,000"?Theamountofmusclesworkingtogetherbytaking150steps.Thelengthofvesselsin3humanbodiesjoiningtogether.TheweightofO2for40personstobreathenyear.【答案】(1)CBAAC【解析】【分析】主要讲了6个令人惊讶的关于人类和环境及人类身体的事实信息。(1)细节题。根据A中vessels血管，C中throat喉咙，E中brains大脑，F中muscles肌肉可知都与人类身体有关，B讲得是要使用更少的塑料瓶子，D讲的是要保护树木，都与环境有关，故选C。(2)细节题。A.令人惊讶的单词；B.令人惊讶的事实；C.难以置信的数字。根据全文可知主要讲了事实，故选B。(3)细节题。根据A中vessels血管，C中throat喉咙，E中brains大脑，F中muscles肌肉可知都与人类身体有关，B讲得是要使用更少的塑料瓶子，D讲的是要保护树木，都与环境有关，即帮助读者了解人类身体和环境保护，故选A。(4)细节题。根据Toyoungchildren,ayearmightseemtolastforever.Butolderpeoplemightsaythatitfliesby.Whyisthat?AccordingtotheUSscientists,youngpeople'sbrainsdealwithinformationfasterthanolderpeople.Theytakeinmoreinformationanddomorethingsinaday.Sotheyfeellikeeachdaylastslonger.可知解释了为什么老人和年轻人对一年的感觉是不一样的，原因是年轻人大脑处理信息比老人处理信息更快，故选A。(5)细节题。根据Eachpersonneedsaround750kgofO2peryear.可知每人一年需要750千克的氧气，所以40人一年呼吸的氧气是30,000千克，故选C。【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。4.阅读理解

mu吗巩mu吗巩wAimnq_nGoodNeighboursMr.andMrs.Marchlivedtogetherwiththeirfourdaughters.Amywasveryshy.Bethlovedbeingathome.Meglookedverypretty.Jowastallandthinandshewasatomboy.Theirhomewasalwaysbusyandfullofnoiseandpeople.NexttothemlivedoldMr.Laurenceandhisgrandson,Laurie.Theylivedinaverylargeandcomfortablehouse.Butitwasahousewithoutlife.Oneday,JoesawLauriestandingatanupstairswindowinhishouseandlookingdownattheirgarden.Jo'ssisterswereplayinginthesnowthere.Theywerethrowingsnowballsandhavingalotoffun.ButLaurie'sfacewasverysad."Poorboy!"Jothought."He'sallalone.Heneedssomefriends."Shecouldn'tstopthinkingabouthim.Shewantedtogoandseehim,buthowcouldshegotothehousewithoutaninvitation?Thenonesnowyafternoon,shesawLaurie'sgrandpagoout.Thisgaveheranidea.Shetookabroomfromthekitchen."Whatareyougoingtodo,Jo?"askedhersisterMeg."Toclearthegardenpath."AnsweredJo.WhenLauriesawJofromthewindow,abigsmilechangedhispale,sadface.Jolaughedandshouted,"Howareyou?Areyouill?"Laurieopenedthewindowandsaid,"I'mbetternow,thankyou.Ihadabadcoldandhadtostayinsideforaweek"."I'msorry,"saidJo."Areyoubored?""Yes,very."hereplied."Don'tyourfriendscometovisityou?""No.ButIdon'twanttoseeanybody.Boysarenoisyandtheygivemeaheadache.""Girlsarequiet.""Idon'tknowanygirls.""Youknowus.""That'strue!Canyoucomeandvisitme?"criedLaurie."I'mnotquiet,butI'dliketocome,"repliedJo."ImustaskMotherfirst."Sheranbackintoherhouse.Afewminuteslater,shereturnedandrangthebellonthedoorofLaurie'shouse.Aservanttookherupstairs."HereIam!"shesaidbrightly."Mothersendsherloveandmysistersgavemethisblancmange(牛奶冻)foryou.""Thatlooksdelicious,"Lauriesaid.HewasveryhappytoseeJo.Jolookedaround.Therewerelotsofbooksontheshelves."Aniceroom!"shesaid."Icanreadtoyouifyoulike.""No,let'stalk,"repliedLaurie."Allright,"saidJo,"Icantalkforhours.MysisterssayIneverknowwhentostop.""Youhavethreesisters—Amy,BethandMeg."Lauriecontinued."Howdoyouknowthis?"Jowassurprised."Youcalleachother'snameswhenyouareinthegarden.SometimesIcanseeyouallaroundthetablewithyourmother.Shehasaverykindface.Ilikelookingather.Ihaven'tgotamother."Jofeltsadwhensheheardthis."Whydon'tyoucomeandvisitus?"shesaid,"Itisn'tgoodforyoutostayinthishouseallthetime.""Thankyou.I'dliketocomeverymuch."SaidLaurie."Weknowallourneighboursexceptyou."Josaid,"I'mgladwe'refriendsnow."Shetoldhimaboutalltheinterestingthingsinherlife.Shesaid,"Besides(除了.…之夕卜)plays,Ialsolovebooks."Laurielovedbookstoo,andofferedtoshowherthelibraryinthehouse.Thelibrarywasawonderfulroom.Jolovedit."Wow!"shesaid,"Allthosebooks!"Lauriesaid,"Apersonneedsmorethanbooks."(AdaptedfromLittleWomenFromthefirstparagraph,weknow.Jo'sfamilyhadfivemembersJoandLauriewereneighboursLaurieandhisgrandpawerebusythefoursistershadthesamehobbyJowantedtovisitLauriebecause.shewantedtovisithislargehouseLaurieinvitedhertoplaywithsnowballsshefelthewaslonelyandneededfriendsLauriewasseriouslyillandneededhercareWhatmightbethecorrectorderofwhathappenedinthestory?JosawLauriestandingatanupstairswindowinhishouse.JoandLauriewerehavingatalkhappilyatLaurie'shome.JowantedtoLaurie'shomeaftertellinghermother.Jocouldn'tstopthinkingaboutLaurie.A.a—b—c—d B.b—a—c—d C.b—d—a—c D.a—d—c—bWhichwordscanbestdescribeJoandhersisters?A.KindandfriendlyB.GenerousbutrudeC.QuietandsmartD.FunnybutcarlessWhatdoesLauriemeanbysaying"Apersonneedsmorethanbooks."?Peopleneedtostayintheirownhouses.Peopleshouldlearnmuchmorefromthebooks.Peopleneedloveandfriendshipbesidesbooks.Peopleshouldrelaxthemselvesbesidesreading【答案】(1)BCD(4)A(5)C【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章讲述了Jo和她的邻居Laurie的故事，Laurie跟着爷爷生活没有了母亲，又生病了，心情很不越快，一天当Jo看到了他之后心里放不下，就找机会接近了他，了解了情况，然后成为了好朋友。(1)细节理解题，根据Theirhomewasalwaysbusyandfullofnoiseandpeople.NexttothemlivedoldMr.Laurenceandhisgrandson,Laurie.可知Jo星艮Laurie是邻居，故答案是B。(2)细节理解题，根据ButLaurie'sfacewasverysad."Poorboy!"Jothought."He'sallalone.Heneedssomefriends."可知Laurie很孤独需要朋友，故答案是C。(3)细节排序题，根据文章内容可知，先是Jo从窗户里看到了Laurie,之后就放心不下，告知父母之后，最后进行了开心的交谈，因此句子的顺序为：a—d—c—b,故答案是D。(4)逻辑推理题，根据"Poorboy!"Jothought."He'sallalone.Heneedssomefriends."Shecouldn'tstopthinkingabouthim.Shewantedtogoandseehim,可知Jo心地善良而友好，根据mysistersgavemethisblancmange(牛奶冻)foryou."可知Jo的姐妹也很友好，故答案是A。(5)句意猜测题，根据Apersonneedsmorethanbooks.可知，人需要的不仅仅是书，根据文章的叙述，他解释了Jo之后他开心了，并成为了朋友，所以除了书之外还需要关爱和友谊，故答案是C。【点评】考查阅读理解，本文涉及到了细节理解题、细节排序题、逻辑推理题和句意猜测题。细节理解题很简单，一般可直接在文章中找到答案。细节排序题细节理解题的一种变形，按照文章的叙事顺序进行句子排序，逻辑推理题需要根据一体的推理方式，根据已知条件推出可能的结论。句意猜测题首先要理解句子的表面意思，然后结合语境去思考其深层含义。5.阅读理解Peoplearealwaystryingtoliveahealthylife.Youmighthavereadsomuchonthistopic.Thefollowingideasmaysoundstrange,buttheycanreallyhelpyou.Exercisewhenyouaretired.Afteralongandtiringdayofstudy,exercisingmightnotsoundlikeagoodidea,butitshould.Infact,physicalactivitiescanprovideyouwiththemissingenergy.Researchshowsthatexercisingforjust30minutescanmakeyoufeelgood!Writebyhandtohelpthebrainbeactive.Althoughwritingsomethingusingacomputerisfaster,itismuchbettertorememberthewholethingbywritingitdownbyhand.Whenyoureadahandwrittentext,naturallyit'seasierforyourbrainstoremembertheinformation.Sparemoretimeforyourself.Bysparingthetimeforyourselfandjustbeingaloneforawhile,youcanhaveachancetothinkandgettoknowyourselfbetter.Andyouwon'tbehaveimpulsively(冲动地).Drinkhotdrinksonahotday.Whatcoolsmoreonahotsummermorning,coldwaterorhotwater?Thestudyshowsthatthehotwaterdoesmakepeoplefeelcooler.Whenyouaredrinkingsomethinghot,thebodywillfeelthechangeintemperatureandincreasetheperspiration(流汗),whichhelpsyoucooldown!canmakeyoufeelgoodafteraday'stiringstudy.A.Resting B.Exercising C.Eating D.ReadingIt'sthebestwayto ifwewanttorememberalongpassage.A.readitoverB.readitaloudC.writeitdownbyhandD.writeitusingacomputerThethirdideaismainlyabout .theadvantagesofbeingalonetheimportanceofthinkingtheadvantagesofbehavingwelltheimportanceofkeepinghealthyWhydowedrinkhotwateronahotday?Becauseitbringsheattoourbodies.Becauseitisharmfultoourbodies.Becauseitmakesourbodiesstrong.Becauseittakesheatawayfromourbodies.Thewriterofthepassagewantstotellusthat .handwritingmakesussmarthotdrinkscanmakeusuncomfortablebeingalonehelpsusknowourfriendsbettersometimesunusualideasabouthealtharehelpful【答案】(1)BCADD【解析】【分析】短文大意：这篇短文讲的是对人们想过健康生活所给的建议。(1)细节理解题。根据Afteralongandtiringdayofstudy，exercisingmightnotsoundlikeagoodidea，butitshould.经过一天漫长而累人的学习，锻炼听起来可能不是一个好主意，但它应该。故选B。(2)细节理解题。根据Althoughwritingsomethingusingacomputerisfaster,itismuchbettertorememberthewholethingbywritingitdownbyhand.虽然用电脑写东西更快，但用手写下来更好地记住整个事情。故选C。（3）细节理解题。根据Bysparingthetimeforyourselfandjustbeingaloneforawhile,youcanhaveachancetothinkandgettoknowyourselfbetter通过为自己节省时间和自己独一段时间处，你可以有机会思考并更好地了解自己。故选A。（4）细节理解题。根据Thestudyshowsthatthehotwaterdoesmakepeoplefeelcooler.Whenyouaredrinkingsomethinghot,thebodywillfeelthechangeintemperatureandincreasetheperspiration（流汗），whichhelpsyoucooldown!研究表明，热水会让人感到凉爽.当你喝热的东西时，身体会感觉到温度的变化，并增加出汗（流汗），这有助于你降温！故选D。（5）主旨大意题。Peoplearealwaystryingtoliveahealthylife.Youmighthavereadsomuchonthistopic.Thefollowingideasmaysoundstrange,buttheycanreallyhelpyou.人们总是在努力过健康的生活。你可能读过很多关于这个话题的文章。下面的想法听起来可能很奇怪，但它们确实能帮助你，可知主要讲了有时一些关于健康的不寻常想法是有益的。故选D。【点评】此题考查阅读理解。先阅读短文理解短文大意。然后进行审题，弄清题意。对于细节理解题，可从短文中直接找到问题答案。对于主旨大意题，要根据文章的中心思想确定。6.阅读理解Haveyounoticedyourlifebecomingalittleeasier?Now,whenyougotoacertainshoppingmall,youcanenjoyitsfreeWi-Fithere.Whenyouwanttotakeataxi,youcanbookonewithyourphone.Infact,allthesecanbeseenasthebasicpartsofasmartcity.TheideaofasmartcitywasbroughtupbyUScompanyIBMin2010.Generally,asmartcityisacitythatusesdigitaltechnologiessuchastheInternettoimprovecityplanning,savemoneyandresources,andmakeourlifeconvenient.Howsmartcanacitybe?Herearegreatexamplesthatwecanlearnfrom.In2009,DubuquebecamethefirstsmartcityintheUS.Thecityusedsmartwatermeterstotaketheplaceoftraditionalwatermetens.Theycandetect（探测）waterwasteandleakage（泄漏）andsenddatatoletthehouseownerknow.Thesamesystemisusedforothercityresourceslikeelectricityandnaturalgas.Inthisway,peopleknowhowtheyusetheirresourcesandaregladtohelpreducewaste.SantanderinSpainalsogivesusalookatthefuture.Ifpeoplepointaphonetowardanearbybusstop,thephoneimmediatelyshowsallbuslinesthatservethestopaswellastheirarrivaltimes.ThegovernmentorganizedaresearchteamandprovidedanApp（应用程序）thatcollectsdataonalmosteverything:light,temperature,andthemovementsofcarsandpeople.OpeningtheAppnearasupermarketprovidesimmediateinformationonspecialoffers.Theunderlinedword"convenient"isclosestinmeaningto11".A.useful B.normal C.suitable D.easyComparedwithtraditionalwatermeters,smartwatermetersdobetterin.A.cleaningwaterB.supplyingwaterC.savingwaterD.producingwaterTheexampleofSantandershowstheuseofsmartsystemsinaspects(方面)EXCEPTA.businessB.healthcareC.trafficcontrollingD.publictransportation(4)What'sthemainideaofthepassage?Digitaltechnologieshelpimprovecityplanning.Smartcitieswillmakeourfuturelifebetterandsmarter.SmartcitiesareverycommoninbothDubuqueandSantander.SpainandtheUStaketheleadingpositioninbuildingsmartcities.【答案】(1)DCB(4)B【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要对智能城市进行了基本介绍，又通过迪比克和桑坦德的例子介绍了智能城市为生活所带来的便捷。猜测词句题。由语句Generally,asmallcityisacitythatusesdigitaltechnologiessuchastheInternettoimprovecityplanning,savemoneyandresources可知，总的来说，小城市就是使用数码科技例如互联网去提高城市计划，节省金钱和资源。由此可推知，节省金钱、能源，可以使我们的生活更加轻松便捷。easy意为“轻松的〃，符合题意。useful意为“有用的〃，normal意为“普通的〃，suitable意为“适合的〃，均不符合题意。故正确答案为D。细节理解题。由文中语句Thisway,peopleknowtheyusetheirresourcesandaregladtohelpreducewaste可知，通过这种方式，人们就可以知道他们使用的资源并愿意减少资源的浪费。由此可知，智能水表可以在节约水资源方面做的比传统水表更好。savewater意为“节约水资源〃，符合题意。故正确答案为C。(3)细节理解题。A项，由第四段第四句OpeningtheAppnearasupermarketprovidesimmediateinformationonspecialoffers可知，在超市旁边打开这个应用程序，可以马上推送特价商品的信息。由此可推知，智能系统在商业(business)中有所应用。B项，healthcare意为“健康管理〃，文章没有提及。C项，由第四段第二句Ifpeoplepointaphonetowardanearbybusstop,thephoneimmediatelyshowsallbuslinesthatseverthestopaswellastheirarrivaltimes可知，如果人们用手机指向一个附近的公交车站，手机就会马上展示出所有的会在这站停的公交车路线。由此可推知，智能系统在交通控制(trafficcontrolling)方面有所应用。D项，由第四段第二句Ifpeoplepointaphonetowardanearbybusstop,thephoneimmediatelyshowsallbuslinesthatseverthestopaswellastheirarrivaltimes可知，如果人们用手机指向一个附近的公交车站，手机就会马上展示出所有的会在这站停的公交车路线。由此可推知，智能系统在公共交通(publictransportation)方面有所应用。故正确答案为B。(4)主旨归纳题。A项，意为“电子科技帮助提升了城市规划〃，只在第一段中有所提及。故A项错误。B项，意为“智能城市使我们未来的生活更好更智能〃，文章主要对智能城市进行了基本介绍，又通过迪比克和桑坦德的例子介绍了智能城市为生活所带来的便捷。故B项正确。C项，意为“智能城市在迪比克和桑坦德非常普遍〃，文章第三段和第四段主要介绍了智能应用在两座城市中的应用，并没有提到普及型。故C项错误。D项，意为“西班牙和美国在建设智能城市方面处于领导地位〃，文章提到美国的迪比克是第一个智能城市，西班牙也采用了智能城市，但是并没有提到领导地位。故D项错误。故正确答案为B。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。7.阅读理解Whenthrowingawayrubbish,doyouknowwhichBinitshouldgoin?Haveyouevernoticedthedifferently-coloredBinsonthestreet?Someofyoumightnotbeabletoanswerthisquestion.However,it'sactuallyquiteimportanttoknowhowtosortyourwaste.Notknowinghowtosortwastecanmakeithardertosaveenergyandprotecttheenvironment.Ifyoudon'tsortyourwaste,allofitwillgotoalandfillandBeBuried(埋)together.TheselandfillscantakeuplargeareasofgroundthatcouldhaveBeenusedforplantingtreesorCrops.Theelectronicwasteyouthrowaway,suchasBatteries,Canpollutethesoilandgroundwater.Otherpiecesofwaste,likethemetalpartofapen,canbeusedtomakeotherthingsiftheyareproperlyrecycled.Withthisinmind,manyCitiesinChinahaveBeenrunningwaste-sortingCampaigns(活动)inrecentyears.Forexample,ShanghaiannouncedinJulythatwithinthreeyears,allofitsresidents(居民)shouldsorttheirwasteintofourgroupswet,recyclable,harmfulanddry."Wet"wasteisalsoknownashouseholdwaste."Theyarethingsyoudon'twantbutthatpigscaneat,"GuangzhouDailyexplained.Paper,metal,glassandotherthingsthatCanBereusedarerecyclablewaste.Harmfulwasteincludesthingslikemedicine,BatteriesandfluorescentBulbs.Finally,anywastethat'snotwet,recyclableorharmfulwillgointhe"drywaste"bin.ManyotherChineseCities,includingShenzhen,plantousethismethodtosorttheirgarbage.Nowthatyouknowthis,perhapsyoucandoyourparttoprotecttheenvironmentandencourageotherstosorttheirwaste.Thepassageismostprobablyfroma(an).A.newspaper B.notion C.Advertisement D.sciencestoryTheunderlinedword"landfill"inthispassagemeans""inChinese.A.垃圾箱 B.垃圾填埋场 C.农场 D.陆地Whichofthefollowingthingsareharmfulwaste?medicine,fluorescentBulbsandmetalBatteries,glassandmetalmedicine,fluorescentBulbsandBatteriesmedicine,BatteriesandpaperTheauthorwritesthispassageinorderroducewaste-sortingCampaignsinrecentyearstellpeopletosortthetrashandprotecttheenvironmentadvisepeopletosortthegarbageintofourgroupsdescribethedisadvantagesofnotsortingthegarbage【答案】（1）ABCB【解析】【分析】本文介绍了垃圾对环保的危害，以及如何分类垃圾，利于环保。推理题。A报纸，B概念，C广告，D科学故事，本文是介绍可知如何分类垃圾，利于环保的文章，故应来源于报纸，故选A。词义猜测题。根据cantakeuplargeareasofgroundthatcouldhaveBeenusedforplantingtreesorCrops可能会占据大片原本可以用来植树或种植庄稼的土地可知表示占地与地点有关，而Ifyoudon'tsortyourwaste表示垃圾，故landfill是垃圾填埋场的意思，故选B。细节题。根据Harmfulwasteincludesthingslikemedicine,BatteriesandfluorescentBulbs可知药品、荧光灯泡和电池是有害的废物，故选C。推理题。根据本文介绍了垃圾对环保的危害，以及如何分类垃圾，利于环保。可知作者写这篇文章是为了告诉人们分类垃圾，保护环境，故选B。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，词义猜测题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意。8.阅读理解Whenyouentermyhomeforthefirsttime,youwillalwaysbeimpressedwithasmallandwhiteenvelope（信封）.Noname,noaddress.IthashungonourChristmastreeforabout10years.ItallbeganbecausemyhusbandMikehatedChristmas.Hedidn'thatethetruemeaningofChristmas,butthecommercial（商业的）wayofit,spendingtoomuchontheusualChristmasgifts,suchasrushingintoastoretobuyatieforUncleHarry.Knowinghefeltthisway,Idecidednottobuytheusualgifts,suchasshirtsandsweaters.IreachedforsomethingspecialforMike.Theideacameinanunusualway.OursonKevin,12,waswrestling（摔跤）attheschool.BeforeChristmastherewasamatchagainstateamhelpedbyacitychurch,mostlypoorkids.Asthematchbegan,Iwassurprisedtoseetheotherteamwrestlingonlywearingtheoldclothesbecausetheycouldn'taffordthewrestlinguniforms,whileourboysintheirblueandgolduniforms.Ofcourse,weendedupwithbeatingthem.Mike,seatedbesideme,shookhisheadsadly,"Iwishjustoneofthemcouldhavewon.Infact,theycouldiftheyhadworntheuniforms.Theyhavetalentforwrestling,butlosinglikethiscouldtaketheheartrightoutofthem."Mikelovedkids-allkidsandheknewthem,havingtrainedkidsfootballandbaseball.Atthattime,Ithoughtoftheideaforthegift.Thatafternoon,Iwenttoastoreandboughtsomewrestlinguniformsandsentthemtothecitychurchforthekidswithoutleavingmyname.OnChristmasEve,Iputtheenvelopeonthetree,thenoteinsidetellingMikewhatIhadd