模考串讲阶段16hz考试题英语

启用前2016年入学统一考试管理类专业联考英语考生须2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷上的答 年入学统一考试管理类专业联考英语试卷1BSectionIUseofDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)ThereisgrowinginterestinEastJapanRailwayCo..,oneofthesixcompanies,createdoutoftheprivatizednationalrailwaysystem.Inanindustrylackingexcitinggrowth1,itsntousereal-estateassetsinandaroundtrainstations2isdrawinginterest.Inancalled“StationRenaissance”thatit3inNovember,JREastsaidthatitwould4usingitscommercialspacesforshopsandrestaurants,extendingthemto5moresuitablefortheinformationage.Itwantstrainstationsaspick-up6forsuchgoodsasbooks,flowersandgroceries7overtheInternet.Inacountrywherecity8dependheavilyontrains9commuting,about16millionpeopleadaygotoitstrainstationsanyway,the10.So,pickingupcommoditiesattrainstations11consumersextratravelandmissedhomedeliveries.JREastalreadyhasbeenusingitsstation12storesforthispurpose,butitnstocreate13spacesforthedeliveryofInternetgoods. alsonstointroduce 14cards-knowninJapanasICcardsbecausetheyuseintegratedcircuitfor trainticketsandcommuterpasses magneticonesusedtoday,integratingthemintoa/an 18pass.Thiswillsavethe because19forICcardsaremuchlessexpensivethanmagneticsystems.IncreaseduseofICcardsshouldalso20thespaceneededforticketvending.1.sB.C.D.B.C.D.B.C.D.4.A.goB.setC.comeD.spreadB.B.C.C.D.D.B.C.D.B.C.D.B.C.D.B.C.D.B.C.D.B.C.D.B.C.D.B.C.D. B.C. B.C.D.17.A.butB.aswellC.insteadD.moreB.C.D.B.C.D.B.C.D.SectionIIReadingPartDirections:Readthefollowingfourpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Positivesurprisesfromernmentreportsonretailsales,industrialproduction,andhousinginthepastfewmonthsareleadingeconomiststorevisetheirrealgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)forecastsupwardsupportingthenotionthattherecessionendedinDecemberorJanuary.Bearinmind:Thisrecoverywon’thavethevitalitynormallyassociatedwithanupturn.EconomistsnowexpectrealGDPgrowthofabout1.5inthefirstquarter.That’sbetterthanthe0.4theconsensusprojectedinDecember,butmuchoftheadditionalgrowthwillcomefromaslowerpaceofinventorydrawdowns,notfromsurgingdemand.Moreover,theeconomywon’tgrowfastenoughtohelpthelabormarketsmuch.TheonlygoodnewsthereisthatjoblessclaimshavefallenbackfromtheireafterSeptember11andthattheircurrentlevelsuggeststhepaceoflayoffsiseasing.TherecoveryalsodoesnotmeantheFederalReservewillraiseinterestratessoon.TheJanuarypriceindexesshowthatinflationremainstame.Consequently,theFedcantakeitstimeshiftingmonetaryfromextreme modationtorelativeneutrality.PerhapsthebestnewsfromthelatesteconomicreportswastheJanuarydataonindustrialproduction.Totaloutputfellonly0.1,itsbestshowingsinceJuly.Factoryoutputwasflat,alsothebestperformanceinsixmonths.Thosenumbersmaynotsoundencouraging,butmanufacturershavebeeninrecessionsincelate2000.Thedatasuggestthatthefactorysectorisfindingabottomfromwhichtostartitsrecovery.Productionofconsumergoods,forinstance,isalmostbackuptowhereitwasayearago.That’sbecauseconsumerdemandformotorvehiclesandothergoodsandthehousingindustryremainedhealthyduringtherecession,andtheyarestillgrowinginearly2002.Besides,boththemonthlyhomebuildingstartsnumberandthehousingmarketindexforthepasttwomonthsarerunningabovetheaveragesforallof2001,suggestingthathome-buildingisofftoagoodstartandprobablywon’tbebigdragonGDPgrowththisyear.Equallyimportanttotheoutlookishowthesolidhousingmarketwillhelpdemandforhome-relatedgoodsandservices.Traditionally,consumersbuythebulkoftheirfurniture,electronics,andtextileswithinayearofpurchasingtheirhomes.Thus,spendingonsuchitemswilldowellthisyear,evenascarsalesslipnowthatincentivesarelessattractive.Lookfortheoutputofconsumergoodstotopyear-agolevelincomingmonths.Eventhebusinessequipmentsectorseemstohavebottomedout.Itsoutputrose0.4%inJanuary,ledbya0.6%jumpcomputergear.Ainordersforcapitalgoodsinthequartersuggeststhatproductionwillkeepincreasing-althoughatarelaxedpace-incomingmonths.Americaneconomistsaresurprisedtosee theyhavetorevisetheGDPforecastssotheirernmentisannouncingtheendofaUSeconomyisshowingsomesignsofanupturnD.GDPgrowthreflectsstrongerdomesticdemandThemostencouragingfactabouttheUSeconomyis employmentrateshaverisenfasterthantheFederalReservewillraiseinterestratesindustrialproductionisreachingitslowestsomeeconomicsectors eleadingOfwhichofthefollowingdidtheauthorprovideaguardedlyoptimistic B.ThenumberofC.Price D.OutputofconsumerWhichofthefollowingistheguaranteeofabetterfutureforUSMotor B.Housing Business D.ComputerWhichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheU.S.economicsituationAmericaneconomistsarepaintingagloomyItisslowlywarmingupwithmoderateRecessionmaycomebackanytimeinthecomingMostsectorsarepickingupatasurprisinglyfastGermanChancellor(首相)OttoVonBismarckmaybemostfamousforhismilitaryanddiplomatictalent,buthislegacy(遣产)includesmanyoftoday'ssocialinsuranceprogramsthemiddleofthe19thcentury,Germany,alongwithotherEuropeannations,experiencedanunprecedentedrashofworkcedeathsandaccidentsasaresultofgrowingindustrialization.MotivatedinpartbyChristiancompassion()forthehelplessaswellasapracticalpoliticalimpulsetoundercutthesupportofthesocialistlabormovement,ChancellorBismarckcreatedtheworld'sfirstworkers'compensationlawinBy1908,theUnitedStateswastheonlyindustrialnationintheworldthatlackedworkers'compensationinsurance.America'sinjuredworkerscouldsuefordamagesinacourtoflaw,buttheystillfacedanumberoftoughlegalbarriers.Forexample,employeeshadtoprovethattheirinjuriesdirectlyresultedfromemployernegligenceandthattheythemselveswereignorantaboutpotentialhazardsintheworkce.Thefirststateworkers'compensationlawinthiscountrywaspassedin1911,andtheprogramsoonspreadthroughoutthenation.AfterWorldWarⅡbenefitpaymentstoAmericanworkersdidnotkeepupwiththecostofliving.Infact,realbenefitlevelswerelowerinthe1970sthantheywereinthe1940s,andinmoststatesthe umbenefitwasbelowthepovertylevelforafamilyoffour.In1970,RichardNixonsetupanationalcommissiontostudytheproblemsofworkers'compensation.Twoyearslater,thecommissionissued19key mendations,includingonethatcalledforincreasingcompensationbenefitlevelsto100percentofthestates'averageweeklywages.Infact,theaveragecompensationbenefitinAmericahasclimbedfrom55percentofthestates'averageweeklywagesin1972to97percenttoday.But,asmoststudiesshow,every10percentincreaseincompensationbenefitsresultsina5percentincreaseinthenumbersofworkerswhofileforclaims.Andwithsomuchmoremoneyfloatingintheworkers'compensationsystem,it'snotsurprisingthatdoctorsandlawyershavehelpedthemselvestoalargesliceofthegrowingpie.Theworld'sfirstworkers'compensationlawwasintroducedby forfearoflosingthesupportofthesocialistlaboroutofreligiousandpoliticaltospeedupthepaceoftomakeindustrialproductionWelearnfromthepassagethattheprocessofindustrializationin met fromlaborersworkingatresultedinthedevelopmentofpopularsocialinsurance paniedbyanincreasednumberofworkshoprequiredworkerstobeawareofthepotentialdangersattheworkOneoftheproblemstheAmericaninjuredworkersfacedingettingcompensationintheearly19thcenturywasthat theyhadtoproduceevidencethattheiremployerswereresponsiblefortheAmerica'saveragecompensationbenefitwasmuchlowerthanthecostofdifferentstateintheU.S.hadtotallydifferentcompensationtheyhadtohavethecouragetosuefordamagesinacourtofAfter1972workers'compensationinsuranceintheU.S.becamemorefavorabletoworkersso thepovertylevelforafamilyoffourwentupmoremoneywasallocatedtotheircompensationtherewerefewerlegalbarrierswhentheyfiledforthenumberofworkerssuingfordamagesTheauthorendsthepassagewiththeimplication compensationbenefitsinAmericaaresoaringtonewpeoplefromallwalksoflifecanbenefitfromthecompensationtheworkersarenottheonlyonestobenefitfromthecompensationmoneyfloatinginthecompensationsystemisahugedrainontheU.S.AmitaiEtzioniisnotsurprisedbythelatestheadingsaboutschemingcorporatecrooks().AsavisitingprofessorattheHarvardBusinessSchoolin1989,heendedhisworktheredisgustedwithhisstudents’overwhelminglostformoney.“They’retaughtthatprofitisallthatmatters,”hesays.“Manyschoolsdon’tevenofferethics(学)coursesatEtzioniexpressedhisfrustrationabouttheinterestsofhisgraduatestudents.“Byandlarge,IclearlyhadnotfoundawaytohelpclassesfullofMBAsseethatthereismoretolifethanmoney,power,fameandself-interest.”Hewroteatthetime.Todayhestilltakestheblamefornoteducatingthese“business-leaders-to-be.”“IreallylikeIfailedthem,”hesays.“IfIwasabetterteachermaybeIcouldhavereachedthem.”EtzioniwasarespectedethicsexpertwhenhearrivedatHarvard.Hehopedhisworkattheuniversitywouldgivehiminsightintohowquestionsofmoralitycouldbeappliedtoceswhereself-interestflourished.Whathefoundwasn’tencouraging.Thosewouldbeexecutiveshad,saysEtzioni,littleinterestinconceptsofethicsandmoralityintheboardroom—andtheirprofessorwasmetwithblankstareswhenheurgedhisstudentstoseebusinessinnewanddifferentEtzioniseestheexperienceatHarvardasaneye-openingoneandsaysthere’smuchaboutbusinessschoolsthathe’dliketochange.“Alotofthefacultyteachingbusinessarebadnewsthemselves,”Etzionisays.Fromofferingclassesthatteachstudentshowtolegallymanipulatecontracts,toreinforcingthenotionofprofitovercommunityinterests,Etzionihasseenalotthat’slefthimshakinghishead.Andbecauseofwhathe’sseentaughtinbusinessschools,he’snotsurprisedbythelatestrashofcorporatescandals.“Inmanywaysthingshavegotalotworseatbusinessschools,I,”saysEtzioni.Etzioniisstillteachingthesociologyofrightandwrongandstillcallingforethicalbusinessleadership.“Peoplewithpoormotiveswillalwaysexist.”Hesays.“Sometimesenvironmentsconstrainthosepeopleandsometimesenvironmentsgivethosepeopleopportunity.”Etzionisaystheboomingeconomyofthelastdecadeenabledthoseindividualswithpoormotivestogetrichbeforegettingintrouble.Hishopenow:thatthecriesforreformwillprovidemorefertilesoilforhislong-standingmessagesaboutbusinessethics.WhatimpressedAmitaiEtzionimostaboutHarvardMBATheirkeeninterestinbusinessTheirintensedesireforTheirtacticsformakingTheirpotential ebusinessWhydidAmitaiEtzionisay“IreallyfeellikeIfailedthem”(Line4,Para.HewasunabletoalerthisstudentstocorporateHedidn’tteachhisstudentstoseebusinessinnewanddifferentHecouldnotgethisstudentstounderstandtheimportanceofethicsinHedidn’toffercoursesthatwouldmeettheexpectationsofthebusiness-leaders-to-Mostwould-beexecutivesattheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelieved questionsofmoralitywereofutmostimportanceinbusinessself-interestshouldnotbethetoppriorityinbusinessnewanddifferentprinciplesshouldbetaughtatbusinesstherewasnoceforethicsandmoralityinbusinessInEtzioni’sview,thelatestrashofcorporatescandalscouldbeattributed thetendencyinbusinessschoolstostressself-interestoverbusinesstheincreasinglyfiercecompetitioninthemodernbusinessthemoralcorruptionofbusinessschoolWelearnfromthelastparagraph thecallsforreformwillhelppromotebusinessbusinessmenwithpoormotiveswillgaintheupperbusinessethicscoursesshouldbetaughtinallbusinessreforminbusinessmanagementcontributestoeconomicIncommunitiesnorthofDenver,residentsarepitchingintohelpteachersandadministratorsastheVrainschoolDistricttriestosolvea$13.8millionbudgetshortageblamedonmismanagement.”We’reworriedaboutourteachersandprincipals,andwereallydon’twanttolosethembecauseofthis,”oneparentsail.“Ifwecanhelpeasetheirfinancialburden,wewill.”Teachersaregrateful,butknowitmaybeyearsbeforethedistrictissolvent(有综合能力的).Theyfeelreallygoodabouttheparentsupport,buttheyrealizeit’simpossibleforthentosolvethisThe22,000-studentdistrictdiscoveredtheshortagelastmonth.“It’sextraordinary.Nobodywouldhaveimaginedsomethinghappeninglikethisatthislevel,”saidStateTreasurerMikeCoffmananddistrictofficialslastweekagreedonastateemergencyningypa$9.8millionloanthatenabledthepayroll(工资单)tobemetfor2,700teachersandstaffintimefortheDistrictofficialsalsotook$1.7millionfromstudent-activityaccountsitsAtCoffman’srequest,theDistrictAttorneyhasbeguninvestigatingthedistrict’sfinances.CoffmansayshewantstoknowwhetherdistrictofficialshidthebudgetshortageuntilaftertheNovemberelection.,whenvotersapproveda$212millionbondissueforInFrederick,students’parentsarebuyingclassroomsandofferingtopayforgroceriesandutilitiestokeepfirst-yearteachersandprincipalsintheirjobs.Some$36,000hasbeenraisedindonationsfromSafeway.AChevroletdealership$10,000andforgavethedistrict’s$10,750billforrentingthedrivereducatingcars.IBMcontributed4,500packsofpaper.“Weemploythousandsofpeopleinthiscommunity,”saidMitchCarson,ahospitalchiefexecutive,whohelpedraisefunds.“Wehavechildrenintheschool,andweseehowtheycouldbeAtCreekHighSchool,threestudentsstartedawebsitethatdisysnewspaperarticles,districtinformationandan forum()。“Rumorsaboutwhat’shappeningtothedistrictaremovingatlightingspeed,”saidastudent.“Wewantedtoknowthetruth,andspreadthataroundinstead.”WhathashappenedtotheVrainSchoolAhugefinancialproblemhasManyschoolsthereareLotsofteachersinthedistrictarenningtoMany nelhavebeenlaidHowdidtheresidentsintheVrainSchoolDistrictrespondtothebudgetTheyfeltsomewhathelplessaboutTheyaccusedthoseresponsibleforTheypooledtheireffortstohelpsolveTheydemandedathroughIntheviewofStateTreasurerMikeCoffman,theeducationalbudgetshortage A. B. C. D.WhydidCoffmanrequestanToseeiftherewasadeliberatecover-upoftheTofindouttheextentoftheconsequencesoftheTomakesurethattheschoolprincipalswereTostopthevotersapprovingthe$212millionbongThreehighschoolstudentsstartedawebsiteinorder attractgreaterpublicattentiontotheirappealtothepublicforcontributionsandexposeofficialswhoneglectedtheirkeeppeopleproperlyinformedofthePartDirections:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext.ChooseaheadingfromthelistA—Gthatbestfitsthemeaningofeachnumberedparagraphofthetext（41—45）.Therearetwoextraheadingsthatyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.（10points） esMoreSevereThanShiftedGlobalWarmingMightBeGoodforTheBalanceMustBeOneExampleofNaturalScientistsConcludeamoresignificantimpactonthePossibleGeographicandClimateChangesIntheIntheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirror—theglassintheroofofagreenwhichallowsthesun’sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromesca.Accordingtoaweatherexpert’sprediction,theatmospherewillbe3℃warmerintheyear2050thanitisto-day,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarming-uptookce,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetersandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanal tionoftheearth’schieffood-growingzones.Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedonthebecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthickericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming;inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.SalitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakence.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseentobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheOnepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand“cold”spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror“colder”facetotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheearth’satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsovariableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.Scientistarenowfindingmutualrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolar-weatherin ctionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayoft