天津市南开区高三上学期阶段性质量监测(二)英语考试

2022-2023学年度第一学期阶段性质量监测（二）高三年级英语学科笔试本试卷分第I卷（选择题）、第II卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟（不含听力）。第I卷1至12页，第II卷13至16页。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。考试结束后，请将本试卷第I卷注意事项:.每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。.本卷共55小题，共95分。第一部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。彳列：Standoverthereyou'llbeabletoseeitbetter.A.orB.andC.butD.while答案是B。1.一Davidwaslateforthebiologyclassthismorning.—?AsfarasIknow,henevercamelatetoclass.A.Sowhat B.Howcome C.Whynot D.Whatfor【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——大卫今天早上生物课迟到了。——怎么会……（那样）？据我所知，他上课从不迟到。A.Sowhat那又怎样；B.Howcome怎么会（那样）；C.Whynot为何不（用来提建议）；D.Whatfor为何目的。由“AsfarasIknow,henevercamelatet。class”可知，第二个说话人对大卫今天早上生物课迟到了表示惊讶，应该是问“怎么会……（那样）”，因此空格处是Howcome,故选B。2.We'vedoneasolidpreparationsothisisA.whatourteamissupposedtoshine.B.whetherC.which2.We'vedoneasolidpreparationsothisisA.whatourteamissupposedtoshine.B.whetherC.whichD.where【答案】D【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：父母必须为孩子创造成功，无论是音乐、体育还是艺术。A.surprises惊喜；B.victories胜利、成功；C.imaginations想象力；D.competitions竞争。根据下文“Youcanmakeyourdyslexicchildabletosay,"Yeah,readingishard.ButIhaveotherthingsIcando.""（你可以让你的阅读障碍儿童说。“是的，读书很难。但我还有其他事情可以做。”）可知，父母必须为孩子创造成功。故选B项。第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题;每小题2.5分，满分50分）隹选项。隹选项。隹选项。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个】隹选项。Outdoorcamerasarethemodernversionofhiringaguardforyourhome.Belowisalistofsomequalityoutdoorsecuritycamerasavailableinthemarket.RingFloodlightCameraThecameraitselfrecordsinHDandyouhaveplentyofsupportviatheapp.Throughtheapp.youcantalktopeoplethroughthecamera.Thecameraitselfhasnonightvision.Thisisaproblemintheeventthatthebulbsburnout,whichwillhappeneventually.CamparkCameraSincethisoutdoorsecuritycameraisbuiltforhunting,itiswirelessandcompletelywaterproof（防水的）.Furthermore,itssensors（传感器）aresharpandwillnaturallyhavenightvision.Thatsaid,thereareafewdownsides.Becauseofitshighersensitivity,thiscameratakesalotofunnecessarypicturesandvideos.Furthermore,you'llneedtosupplyanSDcardtostorevideosandpictures.ZumimallCameraThesecuritycameraitselfis100%wireless,connectsthroughWi-Fi,andisbattery-operated.Italsohasnightvisionandhandlescold,heat,andrainverywell.Theonlypointofcriticismisthestorage.Thecloudstorageofferedislimited.Forfree.youcanstoreyourvideosandpicturesforuptosevendaysbeforetheoldpicturesandvideosarereplaced.ZOSISecurityCameraSystemIt'sasystemincludingseveralsecuritycameras,whichpackalotofqualities.Theyoffer80feetofnightvision,areweatherproof,raisethealarmwhentheyspotmotion,etc.Thedownsideofthissystemisthatthesecamerasneedtobewiredtoacenter.Andthewiringcanbedisorganizedanduntidy.Clickheretobuythesecameras:WhatisthesellingpointofRingFloodlightCamera?A.Supportthroughtheapp. B.Nightvision.C.Highsensitivity. D.Longbatterylife.IfyouuseZumimallCamera,you.needtoprotectitfromcoldcanconnectittotheInternetwithoutwiresCwillhaveunlimitedcloudstoragespaceD.canfreelystorethevideosandpicturesforamonthWhatdoCamparkCameraandZOSICamerahaveincommon?A.TheyneedanSDcard. B.Theyarebuiltforhunting.C.Theyrequireawirecenter. D.Theycanstanduptowater.Wherecanweprobablyfindthisadvertisement?A.Inanewspaper. B.Inadepartmentstore.C.Onashoppingwebsite. D.Onacommunitynoticeboard.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethisadvertisement?A.Informative. B.Supportive.C.Misleading. D.Imaginative.【答案】36A37.B38.D39.C40.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇广告类应用文。主要介绍了四款相机，包括它们详细的优缺点和使用功能等。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据RingFloodlightCamera部分中的“ThecameraitselfrecordsinHDandyouhaveplentyofsupportviatheapp.,,（相机本身是高清录制的，你可以通过应用程序获得足够的支持。）可知，RingFloodlightCamera的卖点是通过应用程序提供支持。故选A项。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据ZumimallCamera部分中“Thesecuritycameraitselfis100%wireless,connectsthroughWiFi,andisbattery-operated/"（安全摄像头本身是100%无线的，通过Wi-Fi连接，由电池供电。）可知，如果你使用Zumimall相机，你可以将其连接到互联网而无需电线。故选B项。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据CamparkCamera中“Sincethisoutdoorsecuritycameraisbuiltforhunting,itiswirelessandcompletelywaterproof.,,（由于这款户外安全摄像头是为狩猎而设计的，所以它是无线的，而且完全防水。）以及ZOSISecurityCameraSystem中“Theyoffer80feetofnightvision,areweatherproof,raisethealarmwhentheyspotmotion,etc.v（它们有80英尺的夜视能力，防风雨，发现运动时能发出警报，等等。）可知，CamparkCamera和ZOSICamera的共同之处是它们都是防水的。故选D项。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据文章大意可知，文章主要介绍了四款相机，包括它们的优缺点等，以及最后一句话uClickheretobuythesecameras:（点击这里购买这些相机）可推知，这个广告可能出现在某购物网站上。故选C项。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据文章大意可知，文章主要介绍了四款相机，包括它们详细的优缺点和使用功能等，所以这则广告是提供有用信息的。故选A项。BIcanrememberwhenmydaughterMaggie,whoisnowsix,usedtocrawlintomylapandsay,“Daddy,readmeastory."Lastyearsheannounced,"Daddy,Tmgoingtoreadyouastory.”Maggiewasatelevisionchild.Whenshefirstbecameconsciousofanythingbeyondeatingandsleeping,theTVsetwasrightthere,anditsooncommandedherattention.Afewyearsago,wewereworriednotonlythatwe'dnevergetthechildrenawayfromthesetlongenoughtolearntoread,butthatwe'dforgethowtoreadourselves.Butin1955therewasnotonlymorereadingthanbeforeTV,butmorereadingthaneverbeforeinhistory.Clearly,readinghassurvivedtelevisionasithassurvivedalotofotherthings.WhenIwassix,awailwentupaboutmenaces（威胁）toreadingathome:motorcarsandcinema.WhenMaggiecamealong,therewastelevision.Themotorcar,theradio,thecinemaandtelevisiondotakeupalotoftime.Well,we'vegotmoretime.Whenmymotherwasagirl,peopleworkedabout60hoursaweek.Nowit's44.WhenMaggiegrowsup,ifllbe30.Andthere911benumerousgadgetstodoherhousework.She'llhavetoread.Youcan'twatchTVallday.AtpresentMaggieisreadingaboutJohnnyWoodchuck.Aheadofher——andI'malittleenvious——areherfirstbrushwithBlackBeauty,Alicesteppingthroughthelookingglass,HuckandJimdriftingdowntheMississippi,theemotionalstormsofShakespeare,thespiritualagoniesofTolstoy.Forreadingisn'talljoy.Likelifeitself,it'smixedwithmanymoods,fromecstasy（狂喜）todespair.Maggiewillleaentotaketherouchwiththesmooth,gatheringfromtheancientwisdomofIon口-dead口eniusalittle行retoenrichherspirit.Andsomeday,ifshe'slucky,she'llgetthebiggestthrillofall,whenalittlegirlclimbsintoherlapandannounces,"Mummy,I'mgoingtoreadyouastory.^^WhichofthefollowingthingsusedtocatchMaggie'sattentiontoomuch?A.Themotorcar. B.Theradio. C.Thecinema. D.Thetelevision.WhydotheyounggenerationlikeMaggiehavemoreaccesstoreading?Theyfacelessworkingpressure.Thereismoretimeavailableforreading.Theirparentsencouragethemmoreoften.Theyhaveastrongerdesireforknowledge.WhatmakestheauthorenviousofMaggie?A.Herexposuretoclassicreading. B.Herproductiveworksinwriting.C.Herwildimaginationindailylife. D.Herspiritualreflectiononthebooks.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph6imply?Maggiehasrichexperiences.Maggiehasagoodplanforreading.Maggiewillbenefitalotfromreading.Maggieisontheroadtobecomingagenius.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?Itisablessingthatreadingcanbepasseddown.MoregirlslikeMaggieenjoytellingstories.Maggie'sdaughterbringsherthebiggestthrill.ReadingmakesMaggieafortunategirl.【答案】41.D 42.B43.A44.C45.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了六岁的女儿喜欢上了读书，令作者惊喜不已，从而感叹如果读书能够一代一代传承下去，将是一件幸事。[41题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段uMaggiewasatelevisionchild.Whenshefirstbecameconsciousofanythingbeyondeatingandsleeping,theTVsetwasrightthere,anditsooncommandedherattention.（Maggie是一个爱看电视的孩子。当她第一次意识到吃饭和睡觉以外的东西时，电视机就在那里，很快就引起了她的注意。）”可知，电视过去经常引起Maggie的注意。故选D项。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Well,we'vegotmoretime.Whenmymotherwasagirl,peopleworkedabout60hoursaweek.Nowit's44.WhenMaggiegrowsup,ifllbe30.Andthere'llbenumerousgadgetstodoherhousework.（我们有了更多的时间。当我母亲还是个小女孩的时候，人们每周工作大约60个小时。现在是44个小时。Maggie长大了，就30个小时了。还有很多小工具可以帮她做家务。）”可知，因为有更多的阅读时间，像Maggie这样的年轻一代会有更多的机会进行阅读。故选B项。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“AtpresentMaggieisreadingaboutJohnnyWoodchuck.Aheadofher—andI'malittleenvious—areherfirstbrushwithBlackBeauty,Alicesteppingthroughthelookingglass,HuckandJimdriftingdowntheMississippi,theemotionalstormsofShakespeare,thespiritualagoniesofTolstoy.（现在Maggie正在读关于JohnnyWoodchuck的书。在她面前 我有点羡慕 是她第一次与《黑美人》擦肩而过，爱丽丝穿过镜子，哈克和吉姆漂流在密西西比河，莎士比亚的情感风暴，托尔斯泰的精神痛苦。）”可知，女儿Maggie阅读经典书籍令作者羡慕。故选A项。【44题详解】词句猜测题。划线词句前文“Aheadofher—andI'malittleenvious一areherfirstbrushwithBlackBeauty,Alicesteppingthroughthelookingglass,HuckandJimdriftingdowntheMississippi,theemotionalstormsofShakespeare,thespiritualagoniesofTolstoy.Forreadingisn'talljoy.Likelifeitself,ifsmixedwithmanymoods,fromecstasy（狂喜）todespair.（在她面前 我有点羡慕 是她第一次与《黑美人》擦肩而过，爱丽丝穿过镜子，哈克和吉姆漂流在密西西比河，莎士比亚的情感风暴，托尔斯泰的精神痛苦。因为阅读并不是全部的乐趣。就像生活本身一样，它混杂着各种各样的情绪，从狂喜到绝望。）”说明阅读将给Maggie带来丰富的精神食粮，从而推知划线词句“Maqgiewilllearntotaketherouqhwiththesmooth,Catherinefromtheancientwisdomof geniusalittlefiretoenrichherspirit.”意为“Maggie将从阅读中获益良多”。故选C项。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段"Andsomeday,ifshe'slucky,she'llgetthebiggestthrillofall,whenalittlegirlclimbsintoherlapandannounces,"Mummy,Tmgoingtoreadyouastory.，（有一天，如果她幸运的话，她会得到最激动的事情，当一个小女孩爬到她的膝盖上，并宣布，'妈妈，我要给你读一个故事。'）”可知，未来Maggie的孩子也可能爱上阅读，享受着阅读的乐趣，要给妈妈讲故事，这对她来说是幸运的。由此推知，阅读能被传承将是一件幸事。故选A项。CChildrenloveitwhensomeonereadsabooktothem.Theylovefunnysounds,rhymingwordsandsillypictures.Theylovethesoundoftheirmomordad'svoice.Sometimes,however,theirmomordadcan'treadtothem,becausethatparentisinprison.AuntMary'sStorybookProject,startedin1993,isnowanationalprogramthatpromotesincarceratedparentsreadingtotheirchildren.Churchorservicegroupsdonatebooksandpostage.Incarceratedparentspickoutbooks,readthemandeithervolunteersorprisonworkersmailthebooksandtapesouttothechildren.LastMay,wedistributed191books,meaningthat191childrenreceivedabookandatape.Theincarceratedreadersrecordtheirbooks,followedbyapersonalmessagetothechild.Sometimesitisamusinglisteningtostrong,tattooed（纹身）musclemenmakinganimalsoundsorfunnyvoicesofdifferentcharacters.SometimesallIhearissilence,andthensoundsthatconfirmmyguessthattheyarccalmingthemselvesafteranunexpectedwaveoffeelings.Seventypercentofchildrenofincarceratedparentseventuallyendupfacingthejusticesystemthemselvesatsomepointintheirlives.Manyofthesechildrenendupdoinghardtimeinjails.Inreality,though,theyaredoinghardtimenowas12-year-olds,7-ycar-olds,andevenasbabies.Theygrowupthinkingthattheirparentis"bad"anddoesn'tcare.Theyareoftenteasedandfeeltheyhavetodefendthemselvesortheirparent,sometimesinaviolentway.Whentheyreceiveinthemailabookandatapeoftheirparentreadingtothem,theyhearanothermessage,“Daddy/Mommylovesme;he/shehasahappyvoice;he/shethinksreadingiscool.AuntMary'sStorybookProjectisjustasmallpillforonehugesocialillness.Butwhenwethinkwearemerelyscratchingthesurfaceatleast191kidsarefeelingalittlebitbetter!46.WhatdoincarceratedparentsdoinAuntMary'sStorybookProject?Theyreadtotheirchildrenonatape.Theyrecordbookswiththeirchildren.Theymeettheirchildrenandreadtothem.Theyreadbooksthattheirchildrenchoose.Whyistheresilencebeforesomeincarceratedparentsspeak?Theywanttospeakwithfeelings.Theyhavetocontroltheirfeelings.Theyneedtoconsiderwhattosay.Theyfeelguiltyaboutwhattheydid.WhatcanweinferaboutthechildrenaccordingtoParagraph4?Theywillstudylawinstate-rununiversityinthefuture.Theyhavetolearntofacerealitybravelybythemselves.Theygainalotfromtheirparents5lifeexperience.Theythemselvesmaybecomelawbreakersinthefuture.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“teased“inParagraph5mean?A.makingmistakesC.madefunofB.behavingthemselvesD.takencareofA.makingmistakesC.madefunofWhatdoestheauthorthinkofwhattheydo?Itisworthdoing.Itmakeslittledifference.Ithasgreateffectonsociety.Itcanchangeincarceratedparents.【答案】46.A47.B48.C49.C50.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了玛丽阿姨为了被监禁父母的孩子能够感受到父母之爱，做了一个故事书计划，让这些父母朗读故事然后录下来给孩子们听。【46题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段uIncarceratedparentspickoutbooks,readthemandeithervolunteersorprisonworkersmailthebooksandtapesouttothechildren.（被监禁的父母挑选书籍，朗读，志愿者或监狱工作人员将书籍和磁带邮寄给孩子们。）”可知被监禁的父母在玛丽阿姨的故事书项目中用磁带给孩子朗读，故选Ao【47题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段uSometimesallIhearissilence,andthensoundsthatconfirmmyguessthattheyarccalmingthemselvesafteranunexpectedwaveoffeelings.（有时我只听到|沉默，然后听到的声音证实了我的猜测，他们是在意外的情绪波动后平静下来的。）”可推测在一些被监禁的父母说话之前会保持沉默是因为他们必须控制自己的情绪，故选B。【48题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Inreality,though,theyaredoinghardtimenowas12-year-olds,7-ycar-olds,andevenasbabies.Theygrowupthinkingthattheirparentis"bad"anddoesn'tcare.Theyareoftenteasadandfeeltheyhavetodefendthemselvesortheirparent,sometimesinaviolentway.（但事实上，他们在12岁、7岁甚至婴儿时期都过得很艰难。他们在成长过程中认为他们的父母是“坏”的，他们不在乎。他们经常被嘲笑，觉得自己必须保护自己或父母，有时还会以暴力的方式。）”可推测，许多被监禁父母的子女从父母的经历中学到很多，遭受很多痛苦。故选C。【49题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线处上文“Theygrowupthinkingthattheirparentis“bad”anddoesn'tcare.（他们在成长过程中认为他们的父母是"坏”的"，他们不在乎。）和划线句子"Theyareoftenteasedandfeeltheyhavetodefendthemselvesortheirparent,sometimesinaviolentway.（他们经常被teased,觉得自己必须保护自己或父母，有时还会以暴力的方式。）”由此猜测侬晅意为“嘲笑”，和C选项“madefunof”同义，故选Co【50题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Butwhenwethinkwearemerelyscratchingthesurfaceatleast191kidsarefeelingalittlebitbetter!（但是，当我们认为我们只是触及表面时,至少有191个孩子感觉好了一点!）”可知作者认为他们的工作是值得做的，故选A。DPeoplehavespeculated（JB、索）forcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwillbedefinedbyinequality:Afewwealthypeoplewillownallthecapital,andthemasseswillstruggleinawasteland.Adifferentpredictionholdsthatwithoutjobstogivetheirlivesmeaningfuturepeoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed.Butitdoesn'tnecessarilyfollowfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbefilledwithdissatisfaction.Suchvisionsarebasedonthedownsidesofbeingunemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment.Intheabsenceofwork,asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcouldprovidestrikinglydifferentcircumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure.Thesedays,sparetimeisrelativelyrareformostworkers."WhenIcomehomefromahardday'swork,Ioftenfeeltired.^^saysJohnDanaher,alecturerattheNationalUniversityofIreland,adding,“InaworldinwhichIdon'thavetowork.Imightfeelratherdifferent—perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowmyselfintoahobbywiththeenthusiasmusuallyreservedforprofessionalmatters.”DanielEverett,ananthropologist（人类学家）atBentleyUniversitystudiedagroupofhunter-gathersintheAmazoncalledthePiranhaforyears.AccordingtoEverett,whilesomemightconsiderhuntingandgatheringaswork,hunter-gatherersdon't"Theythinkofitasfun.^^hesays・"Theydon'thaveaconceptofworkthewaywedo.”EverettdescribedatypicaldayforthePiraha:Amanmightgetup,spendafewhoursfishing,haveabarbecue,andplayuntiltheevening.Doesthisrelaxinglifeleadtothedepressionandpurposelessnessseenamongsomanyoftoday'sunemployed?'Tveneverseenanythinglikedepressionthere,exceptpeoplewhoarephysicallyill.”Everettsays.Whilemanymayconsiderworknecessaryforhumanlife,workasitexiststodayisarelativelynewinventioninthecourseofhumanculture."Wethinkit'sbadtojustsitaroundwithnothingtodo,“saysEverett.“ForthePiraha,it'squiteadesirablestate.HowdoestheauthorintroducethetopicinParagraph1?Bycomparingwealthypeoplewiththemajority.Bygivingadefinitiontoinequalityinsociety.Bylistingdifferentpredictionsofawork-freeworldBypicturingalazyanddepressedatmosphere.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“downsides"inParagraph2probablyreferto?A.Challenges. B.Losses. C.Disadvantages. D.Risks.JohnDanahermightagreethat.workplaysanimportantroleinourfuturelifepeople'swork-freefuturelifewillbefullofcharmpeopledon'tknowhowtobalanceworkandlifehigherunemploymentmakeslifetougherforworkersWhyisDanielEverett9sstudymentioned?TojustifyJohnDanaher9sopinion.Toshowafuturelifewithoutwork.Tocomparedifferentviewsonwork.TointroducethePirahaintheAmazon.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Somepeopledislikeawork-freeworld.BThePirahadon'tthinktheyareworkingatall.Futurepeoplemightbecomelazyanddepressed.DanielEverettprefertositarounddoingnothing【答案】51.C 52.C53.B54.A55.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论。作者主要围绕不用工作的未来是什么样子而展开讨论。文章介绍了人们的不同观点。【51题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段uPeoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwillbedefinedbyinequality:Afewwealthypeoplewillownallthecapital,andthemasseswillstruggleinawasteland.Adifferentpredictionholdsthatwithoutjobstogivetheirlivesmeaningfuturepeoplewillsimplybecomelazyandd叩ressed.（几个世纪以来，人们一直在猜测没有工作的未来。一些人设想，未来的无工作世界将以不平等为特征：少数富人将拥有全部资本，而大众将在一片荒地上挣扎。另一种不同的预测认为，如果没有工作来赋予他们的生活意义，未来的人们只会变得懒惰和抑郁）”可推知，作者是在第一段通过列出对无工作世界的不同预测来介绍主题的。故选C项。【52题详解】词句猜测题。根据戈U线词下文“beingunemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment.（在——个以就业为概念的社会中失业）”及常识可知，在一个以就业为概念的社会中失业，这是消极的方面。由此可知，划线词所在句意为“这种观点是基于在一个以就业概念为基础的社会中失业的负面影响。”由此推知，划线单词downsides为“消极面，缺点”的意思，与选项C项Disadvantages“缺点，不利条件”意思一致。故选C项。【53题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“InaworldinwhichIdon'thavetowork.Imightfeelratherdifferent-perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowmyselfintoahobbywiththeenthusiasmusuallyreservedfbrprofessionalmatters.（在——个我不需要工作的世界里。我可能会觉得很不一样一一也许不一样到足以让我全身心地投入到一种爱好中去，而这种热情通常只用于专业事务）”可推知，JohnDanaher可能也认为，人们不用工作的未来生活将充满魅力。故选B项。【54题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段讲述了JohnDanaher对于未来的观点，人们未来不用工作的生活将充满魅力，接下来后两段阐述了DanielEverett的研究例子。由此推知DanielEverett的研究被提及来证明JohnDanaher的观点。故选A项。[55题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“"Wethinkit'sbadtojustsitaroundwithnothingtodo,“saysEverett."ForthePiraha,it'squiteadesirablestate."（“我们认为坐在那里无所事事是不好的，"Everett说。“对皮拉哈人来说，这是一个相当理想的状态。可知，对于DanielEverett喜欢无所事事地坐着这项陈述是错误的。故选D项。第II卷注意事项:.用黑色墨水的钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。.本卷共6题，共35分。第三部分：写作【解析】【详解】考查表语从句连接词。句意：我们已经做了充分的准备，所以这是我们的团队应该发光的地方。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，shine为不及物动词，从句中缺少地点状语，所以应该用连接副词where引导。故选D项。Scientistsresearchinordertoseekgreaterunderstandingofthebrain,especiallysincethe1950s.A.conducted B.havebeenconductedC.havebeenconducting D.hadconducted【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：尤其是自从二十世纪五十年代开始，为了寻求对大脑更好的了解科学家一直在进行相关研究。A.conducted实施，一般过去时；B.havebeenconducted被实施，现在完成时的被动语态；C.havebeenconducting实施，现在完成进行时；D.hadconducted实施，过去完成时。分析句子结构，空格处作谓语、根据时间状语sincethe1950s和句意“科学家一直在作研究”，可知本句强调动作从过去发生到现在仍在持续，应用现在完成进行时。故选C项。Despitepreviousfailedattempts,thescientistsbelievedtheywouldmakeabreakthroughintheexperiments.A.subsequent B.critical C.primary D.independent【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析Z句意：尽管之前的尝试都失败了，但科学家们相信他们将在随后的实验中取得重大突破。A.subsequent随后的，接着的；B.critical关键的；C.primary主要的;D.independent独立的。根据前文的“previousfailedattempts”可推断，此处说的是“科学家们相信他们将在随后的实验中取得重大突破”，空格处意为“随后的，接着的"，是subsequent。故选A。一HowdidyoumakesorapidprogressinyourEnglish?Doyouhaveanysecrets?No.OnlyNo.Onlyhardworking.A.intermsof B.inhonorof C.bymeansof D.onbehalfof【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查介词短语。句意：一一你的英语怎么进步这么快?你有什么秘诀吗？一一不。只有通过努力学习。A.intermsof就…方面而言；B.inhonorof向...致敬；C.bymeansof依靠；D.onbehalfof代表。根据句意，表示“通过”应该用bymeansof。故选C。第一节（共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分）阅读下面短文，按照要求用英语回答问题。Whywouldhumanbeingswasteathirdoftheirlivessleepingwhentheycouldbedoingmoreimportantthingslikelookingaftertheirfamiliesorworking?Somescientistsbelievesleepinghelpsrechargethebody,whileothersthinkitisimportantforstrengtheningnewlyformedmemories.Now,thereisnewevidencewhichsuggeststhatthepurposeofsleepmaybetoforgetsomeofthemillionsofnewthingswelearneachday.Theneuronsinthehumanbrainconsistoffiberscalleddendrites（树突）.Thesegrowaswelearnnewthingsandconnectthebrain9scellstoeachotheratcontactpointscalledsynapses（突触）.Thelargerthedendritesbecomeandthemorecellstheyconnect,themoreinformationwestore.In2018.GiulioTononiandChiaraCirelli,bothbiologistsattheUniversityofWisconsinMadison,suggestedanewidea:Thethingsourbrainslearneachdayresultinsomanysynapsesthatthingsstarttogetalittlemessy.Sleepingallowsustosortthrough（整理）the“noise"anddispensealltheunnecessaryinformation,leavingbehindonlythemostimportantmemories.Recently,theuniversity'sresearchhasprovideddirectevidencetosupportthetheory.Theexperimentinvolvedanalyzing6.920synapsesinthebrainshavingsfromtwogroupsofmiceoverafour-yearperiod:onegrouphadbeenallowedtosleep,whiletheotherhadbeenkeptawakeandentertainedwithtoys.Theresearchersdiscoveredthatthebrainshavingsofthesleepingmicehadnearly20percentfewersynapsesthanthosethathadbeenkeptawakeandentertained.Itwasalsoevidentduringthestudythatthebraindoesnotshaveeverysynapse.20%ofneuronsremainedunchanged:theseweremostlikelywellestablishedmemories.Therefore.althoughwemaybesleepingtoforgetsomeofwhatwe'velearned,thebrain"forgets“inasmartway.Mostresearchersbelieveclearingourbrainsisnottheonlypurposeofsleep.Restingourmindsandbodieshasalsobeenfoundtohelpwithotherbiologicalfunctionslikestrengtheningourimmunity.Thoughscientistsmayneveragreeonasinglereason,theyareallsureofonething—agoodnight'srestisessentialforourhealth.Sotryandspendatleastathirdofyourdaysleeping!Whafsthepurposeofsleepingaccordingtothenewdiscovery?（nomorethan15words）WhafsthemainideaofParagraph2?（nomorethan10words）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dispense“inParagraph3probablymean?（nomorethan5words）Whatagreementdoallthescientistsprobablyreachaboutsleepingaccordingtothetext?(nomorethan10words)Doyouthinkagoodnight'ssleepwillbenefityournext-daystudy?Pleaseexplaininyourownwords.(nomorethan20words)[答案]56.Toforgetsomeofthemillionsofnewthingswelearneachday.Howtheneuronsinthehumanbrainhelpstoreinformation.Getridof./Doawaywith./Takeout./Remove.Agoodnight'srestisessentialforourhealth.Yes.Becauseithelpsusdiscardalltheunnecessaryinformationandleaveonlythemostimportantmemories.【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了睡眠是为了帮助我们清理大脑里的一些无用信息，同时睡眠也是为了帮助我们恢复身体疲劳，让我们能够更好的学习和生活。【56题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Now,thereisnewevidencewhichsuggeststhatthepurposeofsleepmaybetoforgetsomeofthemillionsofnewthingswelearneachday.（现在，有新的证据表明，睡眠的R的可能是为了忘记我们每天学习的数百万新事物中的一些。）”可知，新的研究发现睡觉的目的是为了忘记我们每天学习的数百万新事物中的一些。故答案为Toforgetsomeofthemillionsofnewthingswelearneachday.[57题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Theneuronsinthehumanbrainconsistoffiberscalleddendrites（树突）.（人脑中的神经元由称为树突的纤维组成。）”以及后文主要说明了人类大脑中的神经元如何帮助储存信息可知，第二段主旨大意是“人类大脑中的神经元如何帮助储存信息”。故答案为Howtheneuronsinthehumanbrainhelpstoreinformation.[58题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Sie叩ingallowsustosortthrough（整理）the"noise”（睡觉可以让我们整理“噪音"）”和“allIheunnecessaryinfonnalion（所有不必要的信息）”可知，睡眠让我们能够对“噪音”进行分类，能让我们从“噪音”中筛选出所有不必要的信息，只留下最重要的记忆，因此划线单词意思为“摆脱，册U除”，即Getridof./Doawaywith./Takeout./Removeo故答案为Getridof./Doawaywith./Takeout./Remove.【59题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中uThoughscientistsmayneveragreeonasinglereason,theyareallsureofonething一agoodnight'srestisessentialforourhealth.（尽管科学家们可能永远不会就一个原因达成一致。他们都确信一件事-一个好的晚上休息对我们的健康是必不可少的。）”可知，所有的科学家一致同意晚上好好休息对我们的健康很重要。故答案为Agoodnight'srestisessentialforourhealth.【60题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的uSleepingallowsustosortthrough（整理）the"noise"anddispensealltheunnecessaryinformation.leavingbehindonlythemostimportantmemories.（睡觉可以让我们整理“噪音”,丢弃所有不必要的信息。只留下最重要的回忆。）"，我认为晚上睡个好觉对第二天的学习有好处，因为它帮助我们丢弃所有不必要的信息，只留下最重要的回忆，因此对第二天的学习有帮助，故答案为Yes.Becauseithelpsusdiscardalltheunnecessaryinformationandleaveonlythemostimportantmemories.第二节：书面表达（满分25分）假如你是高中生李津，你的英国朋友Johnson得知中国的航天员在空间站对全国的青少年进行“天宫课堂”授课后，对此很感兴趣，在电子邮件中询问详细的信息和你听课的感受。请根据以下要点写一封回信：L“天宫课堂”已经播出到了第三课，受到学生们的欢迎；.观看了很多科学实验在零重力条件下的演示；.加深对于理科学习的兴趣，产生了作为一名中国学生的自豪感。参考词汇：中国空间站ChinaSpaceStation；零重力zero-gravity；航天员taikonaut注意：.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；.文中不可出现真实的个人信息；.词数不少于100（开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数）。DearJohnson,Inyourlaste-mail,youmentionedyourinterestinthe"TiangongClassroom.^^Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yourssincerely,LiJin【答案】DearJohnson,Inyourlaste-mail,youmentionedyourinterestinthe"TiangongClassroom."NowIamwritingtotellyouthedetailsofthe"TiangongClassroom^^andmyfeelings.The“TiangongClassroom^^wasconductedbytaikonautonthespacestationforteenagersacrossthecountry.The"TiangongClassroom"hasbeenbroadcasttothethirdlesson,whichisverypopularwithstudents.Inthe“TiangongClassroom”,wewatchedmanyscientificexperimentsthatweredemonstratedinzero-gravityconditions.Afterwatchingthe“TiangongClassroom"，students?interestinsciencelearningwasstrengthened,andtheyhadasenseofprideasaChinesestudent.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yourssincerely,LiJin【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友Johnson写封电子邮件，告诉他“天宫课堂”的一些详细信息和你听课的感受。【详解】1.词汇积累进行：conduct一carryout受欢迎的：popular-welcome力口强：strengthen—>reinfdrce自豪感：asenseofpride一afeelingofpride2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Afterwatching"TiangongClassroom"，students9interestinsciencelearningisstrengthened,andtheyhaveasenseofprideasaChinesestudent.拓展句：Aftertheywatched"TiangongClassroom”,students9interestinsciencelearningwasstrengthened,andtheyhadasenseofprideasaChinesestudent.【点睛】[高分句型1]The"TiangongClassroom"hasbeenbroadcasttothethirdlesson,whichisverypopularwithstudents.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句）[高分句型2]Inthe"TiangongClassroom"，wewatchedmanyscientificexperimentsthatweredemonstratedinzero-gravityconditions.（运用了that引导的限制性定语从句）——IneedtotellKevintheconferencehasbeencanceled._He'salreadyonhisway.A.Thesoonerthebetter. B.Don'tbother.C.You'vegotmethere. D.Howcouldyou?【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我得告诉Kevin会议取消了。——越快越好。他已经在