2023学年完整公开课版BOOK7-Unit5Travellingabroad（全国一等奖）

BirdsonthemoveBeforeyoustart(1)to(3)HaveyouevernoticedthatinSeptemberhundredsofbirdssitonthetelephoneandelectricitywires?Andthenwhenyoulookthenexttimetheyaregone?Haveyouwonderedwheretheycamefromandwheretheywentto?Reading(1)TheextraordinaryjourneysofbirdsThebirdsyouseegatheringontelephoneandelectricitywiresinautumnareprobablyswallowsand,likemanyotherbirdsinnortherncountries,theyarepreparingforaverylongjourneyacrosstheEquator.Theseasonsinthenorthernhemispherearedifferenttotheseasonsinthesouthernhemispheresowhenitiswinterinthenorthernhemisphere,itissummerinthesouthern.Bymakingalongjourneyeachyear,insect-eatingbirdsliketheswallowscanliveinsummertimeallyear.Theyinstinctivelyknowthattherearealwaysplentyofinsectsinsummer.Thejourneysthatbirdsmakearecalledmigrationsandcanbeafewhundredmetrestothousandsofkilometreslong.Dependingonthespeciesofbird,theycanbefromnorthtosouth,fromeasttowestorfromahighaltitudetoaloweraltitude.Itisamazingthatmanybirds,generationaftergeneration,regularlymigratetoaplacethatmaybethousandsofkilometresaway.Howdotheyknowwheretogo?Whydon'ttheybecomelostandwhydon'ttheygetsoexhaustedthattheydie?Forhundredsofyearspeoplehavetriedtounderstandtheseasonaldisappearanceofbirds.Peoplelongagohadsomeverystrangeexplanationsincludingthatbirdswenttothemooninthewinterorthattheychangedintoanotherspeciesofbird.Anotherexplanationwasthattheyburiedthemselvesinthemudoflakesorpondsforthewinter.Theseideaswerebelievedforabout2,000yearsbutnowweunderstandalotmoreaboutbirdmigrations.Todayweusemanydifferentwaystotracethemovementsofbirds.Wecanwatchbirdsfrombirdobservatoriesorcountthesilhouettesofbirdsthatflyacrossafullmoon;wecancatchtheminnetsandplaceidentificationringsontheirlegs;andwecanfittransmittersandtrackthemusingaradioreceiverorasatellite.Infact,trackingbysatelliteissopowerfulthatwecanfollowbirds'movementsacrossoceans.(339words/__minutes)Vocabularyswallow燕子hemisphere(地球或天体的)半球instinctively本能地migration迁徙altitude(在地面、海面之上的)高度trace追踪；追查observatory观测站，观测台silhouette(浅色背景上的)黑色轮廓(像)transmitter发射机track追踪NotesIdentificationringsplacedonbirds'legshaveaspecialnumberandreturnaddressonthem.Thebirdobservercansendtheidentificationnumberandotherinformationaboutthebirdtotheaddress.Individualcombinationsofcolouredringsmaybeplacedonabird'slegsothatthebirdcanbeidentifiedatadistance.Exercise1Arethesestatementstrueorfalse?1.Whenitiswinterinthesouthernhemisphere,itissummerinthenorthernhemisphere.2.Swallowsmigrateinordertofindinsectstoeat.3.Allbirdsmigratethousandsofkilometres.4.Birdsthatmigratedonotknowwheretheyaregoing.5.Somebirdsmakeajourneyfromahighaltitudetoalowerone.6.Wecanonlytrackbirdmigrationsovershortdistancesbutnotlongdistances.Exercise2Answerthequestions.threeexplanationsdidpeopleusetogiveabouttheseasonaldisappearanceofbirds?2.Howcanwetrackthemovementsofbirds?3.Howdoyouthinkbirdsknowwheretogo?4.Whydoyouthinkbirdsdonotdiefromexhaustion?Reading(2)HowbirdsfindtheirwayWhendobirdsknowitistimetopreparefortheirjourney?Birdsarebornwithaspecialsensecalledan"internalclock".Theirinternalclocktellsthemwhentoeatmorefoodsothattheyputonextrafatforthejourney.Ittellsthemwhentomoult.Thismeanstheiroldfeathersfalloutandnewonesgrow.Anditalsotellstheirbodieswhentomaketheirflightmusclesbiggersothattheycanflyasefficientlyaspossibleontheirjourney.Oncethebirdsarepreparedfortheirlongflight,howdotheyknowinwhichdirectiontofly?Birdsuselotsofcluestohelpthemsetoffintherightdirectionandnavigateduringtheirmigration.Youngbirdslearnthepositionofhills,mountains,riversoranyotherspeciallandmarksontheirwaytotheirdestination.Theycanremembertheselandmarksthenexttimetheymaketheirmigration.Othercluestellthemthedirectionsofnorth,south,eastandwest.Thebird'sinternalclockenablesthebirdtousethepositionofthesuntonavigate.Itknowsthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewestandthatinthemiddleofthedaythesunisalwaysexactlyinthesouthinthenorthernhemisphere,andexactlyinthenorthinthesouthernhemisphere.Birdscanalsousethepositionofthestarsandthemoontofindtheirway.Whenbirdscannotusethepositionofthesun,moonandstars,theyuseakindofcompassinsidetheirheadsthatenablesthemtosensetheearth'smagneticlinesofforce.Thismeansthattheycandetectthedirectionofnorth.Allthesedifferentwayshelpbirdstoreachtheirdestinationswhetheritisdayornight,sunnyorcloudy.(307words/__minutes)Vocabularysense感官，官能moult脱毛，换羽clue(有助解决问题的)提示，线索navigate飞行；导航landmark地标destination目的地magnetic磁的compass罗盘，指南针detect察觉，发觉NotesTheearthislikeahugemagnetandissurroundedbymagneticlinesofforce(磁力线).Exercise3Completethesentencesusingwordsfromthebox.cluesfatfeatherslandmarksmuscles1.New_______________growafterthebirdshavemoulted.2.Birdsputonalotof______________beforetheystartontheirmigration.3.Larger______________arenecessarytoflywelloverlongdistances.4.Birdsareabletoreachtheirdestinationsbyusingdifferent______________ontheway.5.Thefirsttimebirdsmigrate,theylearnthepositionof______________Exercise4Answerthequestions.l.Whatarethefourdifferentwaysthatbirdscannavigate?2.Howdobirdsnavigatewhenitisa)acloudyday?b)aclearday?c)acloudynight?d)aclearnight?Reading(3)Achampionlong-distanceflyer-theShort-tailedShearwaterTheShort-tailedShearwaterisaseabirdthatbreedsonlyontheislandsofBassStrait,betweentheAustralianmainlandandTasmania.Itfindsthesamemateastheyearbeforeandtheynestinthesameoranearbyburrow.For12daysfromaboutNovember20eachyear,thefemaleslaytheireggs.TheirchickshatchfrommidJanuary.Assoonasthenestingseasonisover,inMarch,theshearwatersbegintheirmigrationtotheArcticInOctobertheystarttheirreturnjourneytoAustralia.Duringtheentirejourneytheyfeedbysnatchingfishfromthesurfaceofthewaves.Theshearwaters'journeytakesthemaroundthePacificOceanandlastssevenmonths.Theroundtripisabout30,000kilometres.Insomeyearshugenumbersofshearwatersdie.BetweenaboutOctoberandJanuary,youcanseemassesoftheirbodiesonthebeachesoftheeastcoastofAustralia.SomepeoplethinktheydieofstarvationbecausethereisnotenoughfoodontheirarrivalinAustralia.(186words/________minutes)Vocabularyshearwater剪嘴鸥breedv孵(卵)，繁殖nest筑巢，做窝burrow藏身处；洞snatch一把抓住；一下叼走starvation饥饿Exercise5Completethesummaryoftheshearwater'smigrationusingthetextandthemap.NovFemales1)__________5)______/JunArrivein6)__Jan2)_________AugArriveatArcticCircle.Feedonfishinthe7)__3)______Nestingseasonfinishes.Beginmigrationto4)_____________8)_________10)_________Leavethecoastof9)__toreturntoAustralia.ArriveinBassStrait.Keys:Exercise11.T2.T3.F4.F5.T6.FExercise21.Thethreeexplanationsarethatbirdswenttothemooninthewinter,thattheychangedintoanotherspeciesofbirdandthattheyburiedthemselvesinthemudoflakesorpondsforthewinter.2.Wecantrackthemovementsofbirdsbywatchingthemfrombirdobservatories,countingtheirsilhouettesastheyflyacrossafullmoon;catchingtheminnetsandplacingidentificationrings