s黑带培训教材英文 2

ProcessCapabilityAnalysis(MeasurePhase)ScopeofModuleProcessVariationProcessCapabilitySpecification,ProcessandControlLimitsProcessPotentialvsProcessPerformanceShort-TermvsLong-TermProcessCapabilityProcessCapabilityforNon-NormalDataCycle-Time (ExponentialDistribution)RejectRate (BinomialDistribution)DefectRate (PoissonDistribution)ProcessVariationProcessVariationistheinevitabledifferencesamongindividualmeasurementsorunitsproducedbyaprocess.SourcesofVariationwithinunit (positionalvariation)betweenunits (unit-unitvariation)betweenlots (lot-lotvariation)betweenlines (line-linevariation)acrosstime (time-timevariation)measurementerror (repeatability&reproducibility)TypesofVariationInherentorNaturalVariationDuetothecumulativeeffectofmanysmallunavoidablecausesAprocessoperatingwithonlychancecausesofvariationpresentissaidtobe“instatisticalcontrol”TypesofVariationSpecialorAssignableVariationMaybedueto a)improperlyadjustedmachine b)operatorerror c)defectiverawmaterialAprocessoperatinginthepresenceofassignablecausesofvariationissaidtobe“out-of-control”ProcessCapabilityProcessCapabilityistheinherentreproducibilityofaprocess’soutput.Itmeasureshowwelltheprocessiscurrentlybehavingwithrespecttotheoutputspecifications.Itreferstotheuniformityoftheprocess.Capabilityisoftenthoughtofintermsoftheproportionofoutputthatwillbewithinproductspecificationtolerances.Thefrequencyofdefectivesproducedmaybemeasuredina) percentage(%)b) partspermillion(ppm)c) partsperbillion(ppb)ProcessCapabilityProcessCapabilitystudiescan

indicatetheconsistencyoftheprocessoutputindicatethedegreetowhichtheoutputmeetsspecificationsbeusedforcomparisonwithanotherprocessorcompetitorProcessCapabilityvsSpecificationLimitsa)b)c)a)Processishighlycapableb)Processismarginallycapablec)ProcessisnotcapableThreeTypesofLimitsSpecificationLimits(LSLandUSL)createdbydesignengineeringinresponsetocustomerrequirementstospecifythetoleranceforaproduct’scharacteristicProcessLimits(LPLandUPL)measuresthevariationofaprocessthenatural6limitsofthemeasuredcharacteristicControlLimits(LCLandUCL)measuresthevariationofasamplestatistic(mean,variance,proportion,etc)ThreeTypesofLimitsDistributionofIndividualValuesDistributionofSampleAveragesProcessCapabilityIndicesTwomeasuresofprocesscapabilityProcessPotentialCp

ProcessPerformanceCpu

Cpl

Cpk

ProcessPotentialTheCpindexassesseswhetherthenaturaltolerance(6)ofaprocessiswithinthespecificationlimits.ProcessPotentialACpof1.0indicatesthataprocessisjudgedtobe“capable”,i.e.iftheprocessiscenteredwithinitsengineeringtolerance,0.27%ofpartsproducedwillbebeyondspecificationlimits. Cp RejectRate 1.00 0.270% 1.33 0.007% 1.50 6.8ppm 2.00 2.0ppbProcessPotentiala)b)c)a)Processishighlycapable(Cp>2)b)Processiscapable(Cp=1to2)c)Processisnotcapable(Cp<1)ProcessPotentialTheCpindexcomparestheallowablespread(USL-LSL)againsttheprocessspread(6).Itfailstotakeintoaccountiftheprocessisnotcenteredbetweenthespecificationlimits.ProcessiscenteredProcessisnotcenteredProcessPerformanceTheCpkindexrelatesthescaleddistancebetweentheprocessmeanandthenearestspecificationlimit.ProcessPerformance

Cpk RejectRate 1.0 0.13–0.27% 1.1 0.05–0.10% 1.2 0.02–0.03% 1.3 48.1–96.2ppm 1.4 13.4–26.7ppm 1.5 3.4–6.8ppm 1.6 794–1589ppb 1.7 170–340ppb 1.8 33–67ppb 1.9 6–12ppb 2.0 1–2ppbProcessPerformancea)Processishighlycapable(Cpk>1.5)b)Processiscapable(Cpk=1to1.5)c)Processisnotcapable(Cpk<1)a)Cp=2Cpk=2b)Cp=2Cpk=1c)Cp=2Cpk<1Example1SpecificationLimits : 4to16gMachine Mean StdDev (a) 10 4 (b) 10 2 (c) 7 2 (d) 13 1DeterminethecorrespondingCpandCpkforeachmachine.Example1AExa宵mpl击e1交BExa微mpl尸e1窗CExam葬ple券1DProc露ess桨Capa卡bili蓝tyFor率ano与rmal览lyd锡istr负ibut泽edc槽hara拦cter妇isti配c,t仿hed宵efec线tive汇rat丈eF(x缺)may蒜beesti桨mate昨dvi洁ath后efo歼llow更ing:For喉char丝式acte蛇rist候ics拴with辅onl馅yon胆esp隔ecif刚icat驳ion开limi挥t:a)齿LSL面on里lyb)表USL激on骆lyLSLUSLExa堪mpl仆e2Spec骡ific应atio蜓nLi称mits爬: 4姥to重16gMac善hin岭e 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