2002年6月英语六级真题含答案

StudentsusuallytakeanactivepartinaMoreknowledgeiscoveredinaThereisalargergroupofpeopleinterestedinA)NeitheroftheirwatcheskeepsgoodThewoman’swatchstopped3hoursTheman’swatchgoestooIt’stoodarkforthewomantoreadherA)She’sproudofbeingabletodomanythingsatthesameSheissuretofinishallthethingsinafewShedreams ingamillionaireShe’sbeenkeptextremelyA)HewantshisstudentstobeontimeforHedoesn’tallowhisstudents ljokesinHeisalwayspunctualforhisHerarelynoticeswhichstudentsareA)HeisnervousabouttheHeislookingforaHedoesn’tdare lHedoesn’tknowhowtoanswertheSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageQuestion11to14arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)ShewasboredwithheridlelifeatShewasofferedagoodjobbyherShewantedtohelpwiththefamily’sHerfamilywouldliketoseehermoreinvolvedinsocialA)ngLookingafterherneighbour’sReadingpapersandwatchingTakinggoodcareofherA)JanegotangryatBill’sidleBillfailedtoadapttothenewBillblamedJaneforneglectingtheThechildrenwerenottakengoodcareA)NeighboursshouldhelpeachWomenshouldhavetheirownManandwifeshouldsharehouseholdParentsshouldtakegoodcareoftheirPassageQuestions15to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)TopredictnaturaldisastersthatcancausevastTolimitthedestructionthatnaturaldisastersmayTogainfinancialsupportfromtheUnitedToproposemeasurestoholdbacknaturalA)ThereisstillalongwaytogobeforemancancontrolnaturalInternationalcooperationcanminimizethe ofnaturalTechnologycanhelpreducethedamagenaturaldisastersmayScientistscansuccessfullypredictA)TherewerefatalmistakesinitsThebuilderdidn’tobservethebuildingcodesoftheThetrafficloadwentbeyonditsItwasbuildaccordingtolessstrict PassageQuestions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)ByjudgingtowhatextenttheycaneliminatetheByestimatingthepossiblelossoflivesandByestimatingthefrequencyofvolcanicByjudgingthepossiblerisksagainstthelikelyA)OneofEtna’srecenteruptionsmademanypeoplemoveEtna’sfrequenteruptionshaveruinedmostofthelocalEtna’seruptionsarefrequentbutusuallyTherearesignsthatEtnawilleruptagaininthenearA)TheywillremainwheretheyTheywillleavethisareaforTheywillturntoexpertsforTheywillseekshelterinnearbyPart Reading (35 Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B)C)D).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingWhenglobalwarmingfinallycame,itstuckwithavengeance(异乎寻常地).Insomeregions,temperaturesroseseveraldegreesinlessthanacenturySealevelsshotupnearly400feetfloodingcoastalsettlementsandforcingpeopletomigrateinland.DesertsspreadthroughouttheworldasvegetationshifteddrasticallyinNorthAmericaEuropeandAsiaAfterdrivingmanyoftheanimalsaroundthemtonearextinction,peopleweredtoabandontheiroldwayoflifeforaradicallynewsurvivalstrategythatresultedinwidespreadstarvationanddiseaseTheadaptationwasfarming:theglobal-warmingcrisishatgaverisetoithappenedmorethan10,000yearsago.AsenvironmentalistsconveneinRiodeJaneirothisweektopondertheglobalclimateofthefuture,earthscientistsareinthemidstofarevolutioninunderstandinghowclimatehaschangedinthepast—andhowthosechangeshavetransformedhumanexistence.Researchershavebeguntopiecetogetheranilluminatingpictureofthepowerfulgeologicalandastronomicalsthathavecombinedtochangethenet’senvironmentfromhottocold,wettodryandbackagainoveratimeperiodstretchingbackhundredsofmillionsofyears.Mostimportant,scientistsarebeginningtorealizethattheclimaticchangeshavehadamajorimpactontheevolutionofthehumanspecies.Newresearchnowsuggeststhatclimateshiftshaveyedakeyroleinnearlyeverysignificantturningpointinhumanevolution:fromthedawnofprimates灵长目动物some65millionyearsagotohumanancestorsrisinguptowalkontwolegs,fromthehugeexpansionofthehumanbraintotheriseofagriculture.Indeed,thehumanhistoryhasnotbeenmerelytouchedbyglobalclimatechange,somescientistsargue,ithasinsomeinstancesbeendrivenbyit.ThenewresearchhasprofoundimplicationsfortheenvironmentalsummitinRio.Amongotherthings,thefindingsdemonstratethatdramaticclimatechangeisnothingnewfornetEarth.Thebenign(宜人的)globalenvironmentthathasexistedoverthepast10,000years—duringwhichagriculture,writing,citiesandmostotherfeaturesofcivilizationappeared—isamerebrightspotinamuchlargerpatternofwidelyvaryingclimateovertheages.Infact,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth’sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefuture—evenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity.Farmingemergedasasurvivalstrategybecausemanhadbeenobliged togiveuphisformerwayoftoleavethecoastaltofollowtheever-shiftingtoabandonhisoriginalEarthscientistshavecometounderstandthatclimate isgoingthroughafundamentalhasbeengettingwarmerfor10,000willeventuallychangefromhottohasgonethroughperiodicalScientistsbelievethathumanevolution hasseldom paniedbyclimatichasexertedlittleinfluenceonclimatichaslargelybeeneffectedbyclimatichashadamajorimpactonclimaticEvidenceofpastclimaticchangesindicatesthat humanactivitieshaveacceleratedchangesofEarth’sEarth’senvironmentwillremainmilddespitehumanEarth’sclimateisboundtochangesignificantlyintheEarth’sclimateisunlikelytoundergosubstantialchangesintheThemessagetheauthorwishestoconveyinthepassageisthat humancivilizationremainsgloriousthoughitisaffectedbyclimaticmankindisvirtuallyhelplessinthefaceofthedramaticchangesofmanhastolimithisactivitiestoslowdowntheglobalwarminghumancivilizationwillcontinuetodevelopinspiteofthechangesofPassageQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingNowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchess公爵夫人ofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimesBeingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsomepeopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesofslipintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthe—orworse—partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn’tbebadeither,butthatwon’thappenunlessanunknownrelativediessuddenlyinsomedistantland,leavingmemillionsofdollars.Wheredidwegooffthetrack?Whendideatingbutter easin,andalittlebitofextrafleshunappealing,ifnotrepellent?AllreligionshavecertaindayswhenpeoplerefrainfromeatingandexcessiveeatingisoneofChristianity’ssevendeadlysins.However,untilquiterecently,mostpeoplehadaproblemgettingenoughtoeat.Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.Theresultisthatbeingfat—orevenonlysomewhatoverweight—isbadbecauseitimpliesalackofmoralOurobsession(迷恋)withthinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.Itistruethatincountrywehavemoreoverweightpeoplethaneverbefore,andthat,inmanycases,beingover-weightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,manyhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem—toomuchfatandalackoffiber—thanaweightproblem.Therealconcern,then,isnotthatweweightoomuch,butthatweneitherexerciseenoughnoreatwell.Exerciseisnecessaryforstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffatcanalsohelpthebodyavoidmanydiseases.WeshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiontoweightSimplybeingthinisnotenoughItisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyarethinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusformpayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory(虚荣).Intheeyesoftheauthor,anoddphenomenonnowadaysisthat theDuchessofWindsorisregardedasawomanoflookingslimisasymbolofhavingalargebeingthinisviewedasamuchdesiredreligiouspeoplearenotnecessarilySweptbytheprevailingtrend,theauthor hadtogoonadietforthegreaterpartofhercouldstillpreventherselffromgoingoffthehadtoseekhelpfromrichdistanthadtowearhighlyfashionableInhumanhistory,people’sviewsonbodyweight werecloselyrelatedtotheirreligiouschangedfromtimetovariedbetweenthepoorandtheledtodifferentoralTheauthorcriticizeswomen’sobsessionwiththinness fromaneconomicandeducationalfromsociologicalandmedicalpointsoffromahistoricalandreligiousinthelightofmoralWhat’stheauthor’sadvicetowomenwhoareabsorbedintheideaofTheyshouldbemoreconcernedwiththeiroverallTheyshouldbemorewatchfulforfatalTheyshouldgainweighttolookTheyshouldridthemselvesoffantasiesaboutdesignerPassageQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingWarmaybeanaturalexpressionofbiologicalinstinctsanddrivestowardaggressioninthehumanspecies.Naturalimpulsesofanger,hostility,andterritoriality(守卫地盘的天性)areexpressedthroughactsof.Thesesareallqualitiesthathumanssharewithanimals.Aggressionisakindofinnate(天生的)survivalmechanism,aninstinctforself-preservation,thatallowsanimalstodefendthemselvesfromthreatstotheirexistence.But,ontheotherhand,humanshowsevidenceofbeingalearnedbehavior.Inthecaseofhumanaggression,cannotbesimplyreducedtoaninstinct.Themanyexpressionsofhuman arealwaysconditionedbysocialconventionsthatgiveshapetoaggressivebehavior.Inhumansocietieshasasocialfunction:Itisastrategyforcreatingordestroyingformsofsocialorder.Religioustraditionshavetakenaleadingroleindirectingthepowersof.Wewilllookattheritualandethical(道德上的)patternswithinwhichhumanhasbeendirected.Thewithinasocietyiscontrolledthroughinstitutionsoflaw.Themoredevelopedlegalsystem es,themoresocietytakesresponsibilityforthediscovery,control,andpunishmentofviolentacts.Inmosttribalsocietiestheonlymeanstodealwithanactofisrevenge.Eachfamilygroupmayhavetheresponsibilityforallycarryingoutjudgmentandpunishmentuponthe whocommittedtheoffense.Butinlegalsystems,theresponsibilityfor esdealizedanddiffused.Thesocietyassumestheresponsibilityforprotectingindividualsfrom.Incaseswheretheycannotbeprotected,thesocietyisresponsibleforimposingpunishment.Inasatecontrolledlegalsystem,individualsareremovedfromthecycleofrevengemotivatedbyactsof ,andthestateassumesresponsibilityfortheirprotection.Theothersideofastatelegalapparatusisastatemilitaryapparatus.Whiletheoneprotectstheindividualfrom ,theothersacrificestheindividualto intheinterestsofthestate.Inwarthestateaffirmsitssupremepowerovertheindividualswithinitsownborders.Warisnotsimplyatrialbycombattosettledisputesbetweenstates;itisthemomentwhenthestatemakesitsmostpowerfuldemandsuponitspeoplefortheir mitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice.Timesofwartestacommunity’sdeepestreligiousandethicalcommitments. showsevidenceofbeingalearnedbehaviorinthat itthreatenstheexistingsocialitisinfluencedbyithasrootsin itisdirectedagainstinstitutionsofThefunctionoflegalsystems,accordingtothepassage,is to withinatoprotecttheworldfrom societyfromtheideaoftogive ernmentabsoluteWhatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“…inlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengeesdealizedandiffused”(Lines5-6,Para.2)LegalsystemsgreatlyreducethepossibilitiesofphysicalOffensesagainstindividualsarenolongerjudgedonaalVictimsoffinditmoredifficulttotakePunishmentisnotcarriedoutdirectlybytheindividualsTheword“allegiance”(Line5,Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto WhatcanwelearnfromthelastA)ernmentstendtoabusetheirsupremepowerintimesofIntimesof ernmentsmayextendtheirpoweracrossnationalIntimesof ernmentsimposehighreligiousandethicalstandardsontheirernmentsmaysacrificeindividualsintheinterestsofthestateintimesofPassageQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingResearcherswhoareunfamiliarwiththeculturalandethnicgroupstheyarestudyingmusttakeextraprecautionstoshedanybiasestheybringwiththemfromtheirownculture.Forexample,theymustmakesuretheyconstructmeasuresthataremeaningfulforeachoftheculturalorethnicminoritygroupsbeingstudied.theemicapproachandtheeticapproach.Intheemicapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorinonecultureorethnicgroupintermsthataremeaningfulandimportanttothepeopleinthatcultureorethnicgroup,withoutregardtootherculturesorethnicgroups.Intheeticapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorsothatgeneralizationscanbemadeacrosscultures.Ifresearchersconstructaquestionnaireinanemicfashion,theirconcernisonlythatthequestionsaremeaningfultotheparticularcultureorethnicgroupbeingstudied.If,however,theresearchersconstructaquestionnaireinaneticfashion,theywanttoincludequestionsthatreflectconceptsfamiliartoallculturesinvolved.Howmighttheemicandeticapproachesbereflectedinthestudyoffamilyprocesses?Intheemicapproach,theresearchersmightchoosetofocusonlyonmiddle-classWhitefamilies,withoutregardforwhethertheinformationobtainedinthestudycanbegeneralizedorisappropriateforethnicminoritygroups.Inasubsequentstudy,theresearchersmaydecidetoadoptaneticapproachbystudyingnotonlymiddle-classWhitefamilies,butalso eWhitefamilies,BlackAmericanfamilies,SpanishAmericanfamilies,andAsianAmericanfamilies.Instudyingethnicminorityfamilies,theresearcherswouldlikelydiscoverthattheextendedfamilyismorefrequentlyasupportsysteminethnicminorityfamiliesthaninWhiteAmericanfamilies.Ifso,theemicapproachwouldrevealadifferentpatternoffamilyin ctionthanwouldtheeticapproach,ingthatresearchwithmiddle-classWhitefamiliescannotalwaysbegeneralizedtoallethnicAccordingtothefirstparagraph,researchersunfamiliarwiththetargetculturesareinclined beovercautiousinconstructingmeaningfulviewthemfromtheirownculturalguardagainstinterferencefromtheirownacceptreadilywhatisalientotheirownWhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheemicapproachandtheeticTheyhavedifferentresearchfocusesinthestudyofethnicTheformerisbiasedwhilethelatterisTheformerconcentratesonthestudyofculturewhilethelatteronfamilyTheyarebothheavilydependentonquestionnairesinconductingComparedwiththeeticapproach,theemicapproachisapparentlymore culturally culturallyTheeticapproachisconcernedwith thegeneralcharacteristicsofminorityculture-relatedconceptsofindividualethnicfeaturessharedbyvariousculturesorethnictheeconomicconditionsofdifferenttypesofWhichofthefollowingistrueoftheethnicminorityfamiliesintheU.S.accordingtotheTheirculturalpatternsareusuallymoreTheirculturalconceptsaredifficulttoTheydon’t ctwitheachothersomuchasWhiteTheyhavecloserfamilytiesthanWhitePart Vocabularyand (20Directions:Thereare3.0. pletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughtheIt thattherestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackA) B)C) D)The hispainbutdidnotcurehisA) B)C) D)Heistheonlypeoplewhocan inthiscase,becausetheotherwitnesseswerekilledA) B)C) D)ProfessorHawkingis asoneoftheworld’sgreatestlivingA) B)C) D)45Thefinancialproblemof isfurther bytheriseininterestA) B)C)rein D)Weshallprobablyneverbeableto theexactnatureofthesesub-atomic B)C) D)Allthepeopleinthestadiumcheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolourfulballoons slowlyintothe B)C) D)Manyyearshad beforetheyreturnedtotheiroriginalurban B)C) D)Whatyousaynowisnot withwhatyousaidlast B)C) D)Militaryordersare andcannotbe B)C) D)Someeducatorstrytoputstudentsofsimilarabilitiesintothesameclassbecausetheythiskindof grouis B)C) D)Evensensiblemendo things B)C) D)Thecommissionwouldfinditself ateveryturnifitsmemberscouldn’t’reachan B)C) D)Grainproductionintheworldis ,butstillmillionsgo B)C) D)Hedevelopeda attitudeafteryearsoffrustrationinhis B)C) D)Theybelievedthatthiswasnotthe oftheirnforequalitybutmerelythe B)C) Severalguestswerewaitinginthe forthefrontdoorto B)C) D)Asthemountainswerecoveredwitha ofcloud,wecouldn’tseetheir B)C) D) B)C) D)Themagicianmadeusthinkhecutthegirlintopiecesbutitwasmerelyan B)C) D)Agoodeducationisan youcanfallbackonfortherestofyour B)C) D)Givingagiftcanconveyawealthofmeaningaboutyourappreciationoftheir andtheimportanceyouceupontherelationship. B)C) D)Thedesignerhasappliedfora forhisnew B)C) D)Thetoymakerproducesa copyofthespacedstation,exactinevery B)C) D)Anenergytaxwouldcurbordinaryairpollution,limitoilimportsandcutthebudget B)C) D)Theyhavedecidedto physicalpunishmentinalllocalput B)breakawayC)doaway D)passAstronautsare allkindsoftestsbeforetheyareactuallysentupinainclined B)subjectedC)prone D)boundIndividualsportsarerunbyover370independenterningbodieswhosefunctionsusuallyinclude rules,holdingevents,selectingnationalteamsandpromotinginternationallinks.drawing B)drawingC)drawing D)drawingUpuntilthattime,hisinteresthadfocusedalmost onfullymasteringtheskillsandtechniquesofhiscraft. B)C) D)Alltheceremoniesatthe2000OlympicGameshadauniqueAustralianflavor, oftheirmulticulturalcommunities. B)C) D)Part Error (15Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.