全面提升阶段其他211模拟试题五

PartI randVocabulary(30ChoosethewordorphrasethatcanbeusedtorecetheunderlinedpartineachEvenbeforethetrainhadcometoastop，themassiveonslaughtofbodiesengulfedUSfromallsides． C．strikingEventhoughheknewthathismotherhadbeenill，hedidnothavetheproprietytowriteher． Inflationhassurgedinrecentmonthsduetodouble-digiteinsensitivefoodpricesblamedonshortagesofporkandotherbasicgoods．sharprise C．dramaticdrop B．regularincrease Thetablesinthisdisyareonsalebecausetheyhaveafewimperfectionsinthe IndigenousAustraliansbelievethatreconciliationisnecessarybutthe should，mostimportantly，makeaformalapologyforwhattheydidinthepast． C．rapprochementHesatthereformanydaysinmeditation，openinghimselfuptothetruth TheMinistryofScienceandTechnologyalsosaidinJulythatanindependentwatch-dogwillbecreatedtoscrutinizetheuseofresearchfunds．criticizewithbias B．justifywithevidenceC．providewithassistance D．examinewithgreatcareThebasisofthisconsensusisabeliefthatimprovedrelationswiththeU．S．wouldserveIranianinterestsonavarietyoffronts，．includingIraq，Afghanistan，oilproduction，foreigninvestmentandIran’snuclearenergyprogram．agreementreachedbyagroupasaopinionacceptedbythemajorityC．viewheldbytheminorityD．ignoredbymostThepopeupsettwolargesectionsofTurkishsocietywithalectureonSeptember12thinwhichhequotedaByz emperorwhosuggestedthatIslamhadengendedrednothingbut C．causedCorrectionofthestudent’saberrantpronunciationisacontinual，on-goingprocess，notsomething forlessonsorexercisesinpronunciation． ChoosethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachMostof archaeologistsknowaboutprehistoricculturesisbasedonstudiesofmaterialremains． Thethreementriedmanytimestosneakacrosstheborderintotheneighboringbytheeachhadbeencaptured C．onlytobecaptured ycapturedTheschemewas whenitwasdiscovereditwouldbeverycostly．A．resigned Itisbadmannerto otherpeoplebehindtheirbacks．A．doup B．doby C．doaway D．doshewashespapertestobeused Hewasfiredbecauseof refusaltoorders．A．obstinate Theideaofabalanceddietisverydifficulttoput tosomeonewhoknowsnothingaboutfoodvalues． 19．Iwasstandingwaitingforabus， betweentwooldladiesandtheirbagsofshop． Itisveryinthatsuchalifeasthisisfarmore tohealththanthatofthemanwhocanaffordlittleleisurefornecessaryrestinthecourseoftheday． Roy，whowassupposedtoonadiet，keptmaking tripstothekitchentonibbleonthisandthat，wheneverhethoughtnoonewouldnotice． Since1813reactiontoJaneAusten’snovelshasoscillatedbetween condescension；butingenerallaterwritershaveesteemedherworksmorehighlythandidmostofherli rycontemporaries． C．disapproval Pricesreachequilibriumatthelevelatwhichtydemandedtyd．isequal C．equals D．isCanyoubelievethatIwonthephotocontestwith thatwouldhaveforgotten C．oughttohave D．musthaveInthenextfewweeksconsumerspendingwillincreaseby7％inAmerica，withlastyear,accordingtoaconsumersurveybyDeloitte，aconsultancy．A．comparing C．tocompareD．havingcomparedTheyreposedthelossandgaveallthe tothe InHongKong’shugeOceanTerminalshopcomplexPrudentialhasopenedashopalongside fashionbrandssuchasPradaandRalphLauren． “Commonlanguage”hereusuallymeansaforeignlanguage，butthesamepointappliesinprinciple anyencounterwithunfamiliardialectsorstyleswithinasinglelanguage． Newresearchraisesnewconcernsthatalteringcropstowithstandsuchthreatsmayposenewrisksfrom theweedsthemselves． B．other C．more D．noneotherPart PassageDiscussionoftheassimilationofPuertoRicansintheUnitedStateshasfocusedontwofactors：socialstandingandthelossofnationalculture．Ingeneral，excessivestressiscedononefactorortheother，dependingonwhetherfinecommentatorisNorthAmericanorPuertoRica．ManyAmericansocialscientists。suchasOscarHandlin，JosephFitzpatrick，andOscarLewis，considerPuertoRicansasthemostrecentinalonglineofethnicentrantstooccupythelowestrungonthesocialladder．Sucha“socio-demographic”approachtendstoregardassimilationasamodel．suchasthecritiquedevelopedinDividedSociety，attachtheissueofethnicassimilationtoomechanicallytofactorsofeconomicandsocialmobility，andarethusunabletoilluminatetheculturalsubordinationofPuertoRicansasacolonialminority．Incontrasts．the“Colonialist”approachofisland．basedwriterssuchasEduardoSeda-Bonilla，ManuelMaidonado-Denis．andLiusNieves．Falcontendstoviewassimilationasthe dlossofnationalcultureinanunequalcontestwithimposedforeignvalues．Thereis，ofcourse，astrongtraditionofculturemodationamongotherPuertoRicanthinkers．ThewritingsofEugenioFernandezMendezclearlyexemplifythistradition，andmanysupportersofPuertoRico’scommonwealthstatussharethesameuniversalizingorientation．ButthePuertoRicanin lectualswhohavewrittenmostabouttheassimilationprocessintheUnitedStatesalladvanceculturalnationalistviews，advocatingthepreservationofminorityculturaldistinctionsandrejectingwhattheyseeasthesubjugationofcolonialThisculturalandpoliticalemphasisisappropriate，butthecolonialistthinkersmisdirectit，overlookingtheclassrelationsatworkinbothPuertoRicanandNorthAmericanhistory．Theyposetheclashofnationalculturesasanabsolutepolarity，witheachcultureunderstoodasstaticandan-differentiated．YetboththePuertoRicanandNorthAmericantraditionshavebeensubjecttoconstantchallengefromculturalswithintheirownsocieties； sthatmaymovetowardeachotherinwaysthatcannotbewrittenoffasmere“assimilation”．Consider，forexample，theindigenousandAfro-CaribbeantraditionsinPuertoRican’cultureandhowtheyinfluenceandareinfluencedbyotherCaribbeanculturesandBlackculturesintheUnitedStates．TheelementsofCoercionandinequality，socentraltoculturalcontactaccordingtothecolonialistframework，ynoroleinthiskindbfconvergenceofraciallyandethnicallydifferentelementsofthesameclass．Theauthor’smainpurposeis criticizetheemphasisonsocialstandingindiscussionsoftheassimilationofPuertoRicansintheUnitedStatessupportthethesisthatassimilationhasnotbeenabenignprocessforPuerto modationispromoted EduardoTheauthorofDividedmanysupportersofPuertoRico’scommonwealth33．AwritersuchasEugenioFernandezMendezwouldmostlikelyagree itisnecessaryforthemembersofsuchgroupstoadapttothecultureofthethemembersofsuchgroupsgenerallyencounteraculturethatisstaticandsocialmobilityisthemostimportantfeatureoftheexperienceofmembersofsuchgroupssocialscientistsshouldemphasizetheculturalandpoliticalaspectsoftheexperienceofmembersofsuchgroupsThePuertoRicanwriterswhohavewrittenmostaboutassimilationdo regardassimilationasdescribeindetailtheprocessoftakeintoaccountthecolonialnatureofthePuertoRicancase35．The“colonialist”approachissoCalledbecauseitspractitioners haveastrongtraditionof PassageInthe1920s，thepioneersofartificialin ligence(AI)predictedthat。bytheendofthiscentury，computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework．Butasusefulascomputersare，theyarenowhereclosetoachievinganythingremo yresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior．Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation：themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject，themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid．AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong．Theproblem，thescientistssay，isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethe levelsofthought，likelanguageandmathematics，andtoduplicatethemwithlogical，step-by-stepprograms．AnewmovementinAI，ontheotherhand，takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithin ligence．Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalprograms．Ratherthandistalcomputersandtransistors，somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins．Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar，andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield．Imitatingthebrain’sneuralnetworkisahugestepintherightdirection．sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad，butitstillmissedanimportantaspectofnaturalin ligence．“Peopletendtotreatbrainasifitweremadeupofcolor．codedtransistors．”Heexins，“Butit’snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches．Therearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsthemselves．”Specifically，Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrains’capabilitiesstemfromthepattern-recognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell．Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyin ligentdevice，heclaims，wouldbetobuildaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills．Rightnow，thenotionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeceinthebrainremainscontroversial．Butifitprovestrue，thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown．ThenewtrendinAIresearchstems theshiftoffocusofstudyontotherecognitionoftheshapesofthebeliefthathumanin ligencecannotbeduplicatedwithlogical，step-by-stepprogramstheaspirationsofscientiststoduplicatethein ligenceofaten-month-oldtheeffortsmadebyscientistsinthestudyofthesimilaritiesbetweentransistorsandbraincellsConradandhisgroupofAIresearchershavebeenmakingenormousefforts findaroundaboutwaytodesignpowerfulbuildacomputerusingaclevernetworkoffindouthow ligencedevelopedinseparatethehighestand levelsofWhat’stheauthor’sopinionaboutthenewAIIthascrearedasensationamongartificialin ligenceresearchersbutwillsoondieout．It’sabreakthroughinduplicatinghumanthoughtIt’smorelikeapeculiargameratherthanarealscientificItmayprovetobeintherightdirectionthoughnobodyissureofitsfutureD．TheonlygametheywouldyinPassageMaryBarton，particularlyinitsearlychapters，isamovingresponsetosufferingoftheindustrialworkerintheEnglandofthe1840’s．Whatismostimpressiveaboutthebookistheintenseandpainstakingeffortmadebytheauthor，ElizabethGaskell，toconveytheexperienceofeverydaylifeinworking．classhomes．Hermethodispartly aryinnature：thenovelincludessuchfeaturesasacarefullyannotatedreproductionofdialect，theexactdetailsoffoodpricesinanaccountofateaparty．anitemizeddescriptionofthefurnitureoftheBarton’slivingroom，andatranscription(againannotated)oftheballad“TheOldhamWeaver”．Theinterestofthisrecordisconsiderable，eventhoughthemethodhasaslightlydistancingAsamemberofthemiddleclass，Gaskellcouldhardlyhelpworking-classlifeasanoutsideobserverandareporter．andthereaderofthenovelisalwaysconsciousofthisfact．Butthereisgenuineimaginativere-creationinheraccountsofthewalkinGreenHeysFields，ofteaattheBarton’shouse，andofJohnBartonandhisfriend’sdiscoveryofthestarvingfamilyinthecellarinthechapter“PovertyandDeath”．Indeed。forasimilarlyconvincingre-creationofsuchfamilies’emotionsandresponses(whicharemorecrucialthanthematerialdetailsonwhichthemerereporterisapttoconcentrate)，theEnglishnovelhadtowait60yearsfortheearlywritingofD．H．Laurence．IfGaskellneverquiteconveysthesenseoffullparticipationthatwouldcompleyauthenticatethisaspectofMaryBarton，shestillbringstothesescenesanintuitiverecognitionoffeelingsthathasitsownsufficientThechapter“OldAlice’sHistory’’brilliantlydramatizesthesituationofthatearlygenerationofworkersbroughtfromthevillagesandthecountrysidetotheurbanindustrialcenters．TheaccountofJobLegh,theweaverandnaturalistwhoisdevotedtothestudyofbiology，vividlyembodiesonekindofresponsetoanurbanindustrialenvironment：anaffinityforlivingthingsthathardens，byitsverycontrastwithitschapterseloquentlyportraythedevelop-mentoftheinstinctivecooperationwitheachotherthatwasalready inganimportanttraditionamongworkers．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowarduseofthemethod aryrecordinMaryUncriticalenthusiasmC．QualifiedapprovalD．MildirritationAccordingtothepassage，MaryBartonandtheearlynovelsofD．H．Lawrencesharewhichofthefollowing?Depictionofthefeelingsofworking-classaryobjectivityaboutworking-classcircumstancesC．Richlydetaileddescriptionofworking-classadjustmenttourbanlifeD．Imaginativelystructuredplotsaboutworking-classcharactersItcanbeinferredfromexamplesgiveninthelastparagraphofthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingwaspartof“thenewandcrushingexperienceofindustrialism’’formanymembersoftheEnglishworkingclassinthenineteenthcentury?A．ExtortionatefoodpricesB．GeographicaldiscementC．HazardousworkingconditionsItcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthepassagebelievesthatMaryBartonmighthavebeenanevenbetternovelifGaskellhad concentratedontheemotionsofasingle PassageReadthepassagebelowandthendotheexercisesthatIfaMeccaexistsfortoday’syouth．itmusttaketheformofarockconcert．Suchacolossaleventdrawspeoplefromsurprisinglydistantcesandfromoddlydiverginglifestyles．Thesophisticatedcollegestudentmaybeseatednexttothewide-eyedjuniorhighcheerleader，thelattershowingfrightattheapproachofawild-eyedfreak．Howdothese patiblecharactertypesfindamutualappealinrockconcert?Whatinducesyoungpeopletoexchangethefewdollarsearnedthroughbabysittingorcarwashingforaconcertticket?Tomany,theanswerisimmedia yobvious—themusicisthesourceofappealataconcert．Thequalityofthesoundproduced，however，frequentlycastsdoubtonthisexnation．Unquestionably，rockconcertsareloud；thedecibellevelofsomereportedlyexceedsthatattainedbyajetneontakeoff．Inaddition，thisauralassaultisoftenintensifiedbyanout-of-tuneguitar,bythefalteringvoiceoftheperformer，orbythebadacousticintheconcerthall．Rockgroupsgenerallycorrecttheseproblemsinastudio；theirrecordingsmayevenboastpleasingharmonieswith ligiblelyrics．Sowhydowebattlecrowdstosecurechoiceseatingataconcert?Aconcertcreatesamagical，otherworldlyatmosphere，reminiscentofachildhoodnever-neverland．Aneeriedarknessshroudsthehall，andthen，justasinourfavoritefairytale．thesupernaturalbeing(otherwiseidentifiedbythevulgarterm，“rockstar")appearsinaburstoflight．Inanothercontexthewouldhavebeenknownasa“godoutofthemachine．”Bizarrelightingschemesandgimmickssuchasmockhangingsorfire—breathingcontributetotheatmosphereofother-worldlinessinsomeacts．Thefansarepermittedonlyaglimpseofthestarbeforehevanishesoncemoreinthedarkness，onlytomaterializethefollowingeveninginaconcerthallhundredsofaway．The estherockstar’sonlynaturalrockconcertsandrockstars?Whatalternativeexnationdoestheauthorgiveinthepassage?(4points)48．Howdoestheauthorachievethetransitionfromoneparagraphtoanother?(2Part Writing(30Newspaperreportsandjob-relatedsurveysfrequentlyshowthattoday’syouth’smajorobjectiveistobefinanciallywelloff．Whilethishasnothingwrong，develoameaningfulphilosophyoflifeisveryimportant．Basedonthisidea，writeanessayonthefollowingtopic：QualityofLifeIsMuchMoreThanaRemembertoindicateyourpositionclearly，supportyourselfwithsound,reasonsandsufficientevidence，andbringittoanaturalsolution．Alogicalorganizationbenefitsyouressayineverypossibleway．Youressayshouldcontainabout400words．WriteyouressayontheAnswerSheet．PartI rand2．A句意：他虽然知道他的母亲生病了，可他连给她写信的修养都没有。propriety适当，得体，礼貌。decency合乎礼节，礼貌；体面；(言语、动作的)优雅。posterity后代，后裔，子孙。apathy冷漠，冷淡。eulogy颂词，悼词。C和DB6．Dmeditation沉思，冥想。contemtion沉思。solace安慰。boredom无聊7．D细查，。A，带偏见地批评。B，用澄清，证明。C，给与帮助。D，仔9．Cengender造成。cause造成。resist抵抗，反抗。withhold拒给，保留。endure10．Daberrant异常的。nonstandard不标准的，(语言)不规范的。habitual习惯的，惯常的。familiar熟悉的。conventional惯例的，传统的。12．Conlyto意思是“不料竟会„”，表示意想不到的结果(通常不是好的结果)，在13．D四个词都有“放弃”之意。abandon指遗弃不想要的事物。resign常用于辞去职务，surrender用于投降，。release表示豁免，释放，解放。D项最符合题15．C当陈述部分是noone／nobody，everyone／everybody，someone／he，不用she。贫乏的，贫困的。selfish自私的。插入。bewedgedbetweentwo s挤在„之问。mingle使混合；minglewithsomething混合，结合。prime预先准备好。stuff填塞，填满；stuffwithsth．用„塞要健康得多。conducive有益的，常用搭配为conduciveto有益于„的。conductive传导性的。constructive建设性的。conciliate调解。21．Brespite休息(时间)，暂时的缓解或轻松。surreptitious偷偷的，暗中进行的。secret的，的。merry欢乐的，愉快的。免职，解雇。disapproval不赞成。indifference不关心。 “与„对等”可用两种方式表达：beequaltoequal。equal作动词时，24．Cconglomerate混合体，聚合体，结合。theconglomerateofthetwopictures两美学赢得了摄影比赛大奖!虽然实际上我只会把那两幅随便找个有钉子的地方挂起来而已”。autonomy自治，自主权。cynicism愤世嫉俗。dexterity灵巧，敏捷，聪25．Dmusthavedone表示估计，且是估计已经发生了的事情。should／oughttohavedonewouldhavedone表示将要做而没做的，多27．D句意：他们向报告了损失，并提供了所有必要细节。particular细节，事项。happening，意外发生之事。qualification资格，条件。characteristic特性，Passage32．D第二段二、三句“Thereis，ofcourse，astrongtraditionofculturemodationamongotherPuertoRicanthinkers．„andmanysupportersofRico’scommonwealthstatussharethesameuniversalizingorientation”“在其他波多33．A第二段中明确“ThewritingsofEugenioFernandezMendezclearlyexemplifythistradition．”“EugenioFernandezMende在他的文章中明确为这一传统提供了例证。”因此，EugenioFernandezMende支持culture modation即“文化文化”。因此，A项正确。族文化特点而且这样一种殖家的征服行为。因此，可以推出他们并不认为同化会产生有利的影响，即A为答案。35．D本题可以采用排除法，A、B项为支持“文化融合”的人的观点，从“thecolonialistthinkersmisdirectit，overlookingtheclassrelationsatworkinbothPuertoRicanandNorthAmericanhistory”可以看到是“overlook”“忽略”，而不是C也被排除。答案为D“认为波多黎各和的政治关系是影响波多黎各人经历的重要Passage36．D第一段，作者谈到，在1920s，有人预测本世纪末computerswouldbeconversingwithus“电脑将能够与人类交谈”，随后作者，虽然电脑十分有用，但theyarenowhereclosetoachievinganything yresemblingthese究人员的见解——theproblemisAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest，mostlevelsofthoughtandtoduplicatethemwithlogical，step—by—stepprograms种逻辑的程式出来”，因此无法获得成功；而人工智能研究的一项新举动是认识到这一问题后，转而从自然角度对其进行研究，选项B符合文意。38．C第二段谈到，AIresearcherstakesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithin 三段Conradimitatingthebrain’sneuralnetworkisahugestepintheright角度研发人工智能，选项C正确。39．D结尾段落，作者暗示了自己对人工智能研究新举动的态度，如果传统电脑不能实现，那么theeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown“Conrad及其伙伴的研究将会成为镇上唯一的者”，言外之不能确定，选项D符合文意。40．A该段“如果传统电脑技术不能制造出人工智能，那么Conrad及其伙伴的研theonlygameintown”，根据上下文可推断，该短语在句中指“没有别的选择了，它是唯一制造人工智能的方法、途径”，选项A正确。Passage 由第一段结尾themethodhasaslightlydistancingeffect可知，作者对Gaskell 由第二段中间asimilarlyconvincingre-creationoffamilies’emotionsandresponses，theEnglishnovel„writingofD．H．Laurence可知，在描写家庭情感上，Gaskell和Laurence有相似之处。43．Baffinityforlivingthings，walkingoutinspringintoFields，PassageTodevelopthep