第8周 新古典主义

Neo-classicism

(TheAgeofReason)18thcenturyⅠgeneralintroductionⅡNeo-classicismⅢrepresentatives1.themoderateschool2.theradicalschool3.Sentimentalism4.pre-RomanticismⅠGeneralintroductionof

thehistorical

background1.thepurposeofthegovernment2.greatchangesinsociallife3.rapiddevelopmentofEellectualmovement:Enlightenmentanintellectualmovementespin18thcenturywhenpeoplebelievedreasonandsciencenotreligionwouldadvancehumanprogress.

ⅡNeo-classicism1.definition:amovementfromtheRestorationtilltheendof18thcentury,whichemphasizesonorder,reason(notemotion),restraint,commonsense,andconservatism(notimagination).TherepresentativesmodeledafterGreekandLatinauthors.2.characteristics:①reason→emotion,form→content(correctness,appropriateness,restraintelegance------elegance)②purposeofwriting:didactic,satirical③poetry:heroiccouplet---theonlypossibleverseform④drama:thethreeunities(time,placeandaction)⑤itiswanting“romantic”element.ItisespeciallyhostiletowardseverythingthatbelongstotheMiddleAgeswithitschivalrousextravagance,visionaryidealism,andstrongreligiousfaith.⑥RenaissancesandNeo-classicismLimitlesspotentialsIndividualismConfessionalwritingEnthusiasmLyricsManaslimitedMemberofthesocietySocialobservationOrder,rulesSatireⅢFamousWritersinGeneral

1.themoderategroup①JosephAddison:essayistThespectator远征报

RichardSteele:---Chiefeditorin1708TheTatler闲谈报Duringthisperiod,thestruggleforpoweroftherisingcapitalisthasbeensettled.Theyhaveastrongdesireforself-educationwhichisjustthetaskofEnlightenment,Sointhispaper,theygathernewideasofthetimeandputthemwithinthereachofreaders,thuspeopleareawakenedbyreading.②AlexanderPope:

poet,masterofheroiccoupletEssayonCriticismTheRapeoftheLockTheDunciad

EssayonMan。TheRapeoftheLock

夺发记writtenintheformofamock-heroicpoemTheme:Popesucceededinproducingeffectivesatiricalpicturesofidle,meaninglesslifeofthelordsandladiesinthearistocratic-bourgeoissocietyof18th-centuryEngland,thoughthesatireisusuallyrathermildandsomewhatdilutedwithhumor.Popealsoshowsheretheinferiorpositionofwomaninthearistocraticcirclesatthetimewheretheywerenobetterthantoysandslavestomen’spassion.Hislinesaresmooth,Balancedandconcise,manyofthemhavebecomehouseholdsaying:Alittlelearningisadangerousthing.一知半解是最危险旳事。DrinkdeeportastenotthePierianSpring.要深透允饮，不然就尝不到知识源泉旳甘霖Hillspeepo’erhills,andAlpsonAlpsarise!山外有山，学无止境。Toerrishuman,,toforgivedivine.Forfoolsrushinwhereangelsfearstotread.天使畏惧处，愚人蜂拥至。Knowthenthyself,presumenotGodtoscan

认清自己，莫妄想探讨神TheproperstudyofMankindisMan.

该人类研究旳对象就只有人。（thegreatchainofbeing）Thegreatchainofbeing生存旳巨链Itdetailsastrict,religioushierarchicalstructureofallmatterandlife,believedtohavebeendecreedbyGod.Allnatureisbutart,unknowntoYou;Allnatureisbutart,unknowntoYou;整个自然都是艺术，只是你不领悟；Allchance,direction,whichthoucanstnotsee;一切偶尔都是要求，只是你没看清；Alldiscord,harmonynotunderstood;一切不协调，都是你不了解旳友好；Allpartialevil,universalgood;一切局部旳祸害，乃是全体旳福祉；And,spiteofprice,inerringreason’sspite,不要自大旳（揣测上帝旳意图），理智也会出差错Onetruthisclear:

WhateverIS,

isRIGHT.凡存在即合理，这就是清楚旳道理。③SamuelJohnsonThegreatestEnglishmanoflettersbetweenPopeandWordsworthADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguageLettertotheRightHonorabletheEarlofChesterfield.(theindependenceofEnglishwriters)④SamuelRichardsonPamelaThefirstEnglishPsycho-analyticalnovel(thelifeandloveoftheordinarypeople,Sayings,doings,andthesecretthought.)⑤DianelDefoe2.Theradicalschool⑥RichardSheridan

adramatistin18c.Theschoolforscandal-comedyAbitingsatireofEnglishhighsocietyforitsgreed,vanity,hypocrisy,ThisplayisregardedasthebestcomedysinceShakespeare.⑦OliverGoldsmith,essayist,novelistdramatistpoetNovel:TheDesertedVillage.Comedy:SheStoopstoConquer⑧JonathanSwift⑨HenryFielding3.SentimentalismTransitioninschools.Neo-classicism---Sentimentalism--RomanticismThomasGray“graveyardschool”墓园诗派“TheElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard”RelatedtothedeathofhisintimatefriendRichardWest.Theme:Hereflectsdeath,thesorrowoflife,andthemysteriesofhumanlifeinhisp