中考英语任务型阅读理解技巧点拨

任务型阅读理解技巧点拨

任务型阅读是阅读理解题的一种衍生题型，考生既要通过阅读对所给文章的细节利主旨理解清楚，也

要用文字表达出对文章的理解，是一种由阅读理解向书面表达过渡的题型，因此它属于读写结合题。

任务型阅读的题目设置多样化，有填图表、回答问题、完成总结、填空、翻译等，考查多种能力，但侧重

考查的是语篇分析应用能力，即把从阅读中获得的信息应用在回答题目中。在实际解题中，可以采取“四

读”的方法：读题目、读大意、读细节、读答案。

一、读题目

认真仔细阅读题目，区分答题重点是主旨大意还是细节信息，再根据题目要求有目的地进行下一步的

文本阅读，对题目类型和特点的关注也将出现在第四步的读答案中。

二、读大意

主要运用快速阅读（skimming）的能力，扫视文章大意，了解文章的基本信息及文体类型，弄清楚是记

叙文、议论文还是说明文以及作者的写作目的与态度等，为下一步完成任务作铺垫。

三、读细节

根据题目寻找关键词，如动词或名词，并以这些关键词为线索，到原文中去寻找相关的句子和原始信

息。试题结构与文本顺序大体一致，理清文章结构会更便于搜索细节信息。

四、读答案

依据查询到的原文相关信息，仔细对照题目进行比对，落实目标答案，再检查答案的语法形式是否准

确，如时态、单复数、冠词等，确保答案准确。

典型例题解析（2014江苏南京）

MaymeClaytoncollectedbooks,magazinesandletterswrittenbyAfricanAmericans.Herson,

AveryClayton,thoughthercollectionwasimportant.Unlikemostbooks,thesewererareandhard

tofind.TheywerewrittenbywriterswhohelpedshapeAfricanAmericanculture.

OnebookinthecollectionwaswrittenbyPhillisWheatley.Wheatleywasaslavewhowrote

poetry.ShewasthefirstAfricanAmericantopublish（出版）abook.Wheatleyherselfsigned

（签名）thebookintheClaytonsJcollection.NooneelseownsacopysignedbyPhillisWheatley.

Bythetimeshepassedawayatage83,MrsClaytonhadmorethan30,000booksbyorabout

blackpeople.Hercollectionalsoincludespapersaboutslaves,photographs,movies,sheetmusic,

andpersonallettersbyblackleadersandartists.Itisoneofthebiggestpersonalcollections

ofAfricanAmericanhistoryandcultureintheUnitedStates.

AveryClayton,sdreamwastocreateamuseumforhismother?streasures.Scholarssaythat

MrsClayton'scollectionisveryimportant.Withoutherwork,partofAfricanAmericanheritage

（遗产）wouldhavebeenlost."Wedidn'tknowthesethingsexisted,”saysSaraHadronof

California'sHuntingtonLibrary.

Thecollection,snewhomeislikelytobeinCulverCity,California.PartofAveryClaytonJs

dreamistosharetheculturalricheshismothercollectedwithothers.Heespeciallywantskids

tohaveachancetoseethecollection."AtpresentAfricanAmericancultureisbeingexplained

bypopculture,“hesays.

"It'simportanttoofferamorecompletepicture.”

根据所读内容，在每个横线上填入一个最恰当的单词。

MaymeClaytonandHerCollection

,Sheliked1._________________books,magazinesandletters

A.PersonalinformationwrittenbyAfricanAmericans.

•She2._________________whenshewas83yearsold.

•Comparedwithotherbooks,thebooksshecollectedcouldn,tbe

found3._____________.

,Theonlycopywrittenand4.__________byPhillisWheatley

wasinhercollection.

B.Hercollection

,Shehadalargecollection,5.__________books,paper,

photographsandotherthingsbyblackleadersandartists.

•Hercollectionisofgreat6.___________toAfricanAmerican

historyandculture.

,A8.___________forthetreasurewouldbecreated.

C.Her7._______dream,Hehopesto9.___________theculturalrichescollectedbyhis

motherwithmorepeople,especially10._____________.

【解题指导】

表格类型题目的明显特点是表格内容一般都能展示出文章的架构，所以做此类题时，对文章的结构要

有清醒的认识，同时也可以从表格的结构来理解文章的结构。答题技巧大致分为两类：一类为从原文直接

找到原句，如第1题可在原文中找到类似句："MaymeClaytoncollectedbooks,magazinesandletters

writtenbyAfricanAmericans.w可知本空填collect,但是在表示喜好的句子Sheliked____中动词

应使用doing或todo的形式，对于长期的喜好应该使用doing,因此本空应填collecting。第二类为题

目是对原文中信息的转述或语言再现:如第3题Comparedwithotherbooks,thebooksshecollected

couldn,tbefound3..是对文中句子“Unlikemostbooks,thesewererareandhardtofind.”

的另•种说法，rareandhard就是noteasy的意思，再根据句子表达需要使用副词，所以本空填easily。

典型例题解析（2014江苏淮安）

Nowthereisafamilyproblem.Nearlyeveryparentsaysthatwenevergrowup.Infactwe

areprobably16or17yearsold.Intheireyes,wearealwayslittleonesandoftendowrong

things.Forexample,whenIneedtostayathomealone,theyalwaysworryaboutmeandmylife

withoutthem.

Mostparentsalwaysthinkthattheyhaveofferedthebestthingstheycantomaketheir

childrenliveinacomfortableworld.Theybuytheirchildrenprettyclothes,coolshoes,

everythingthattheycanfortheirdearchildren.Inreturn,theyonlywanttheirchildrento

getgoodresultsintheexams.

Butwhystillcan,ttheirchildrenunderstandthem?Doesitmeanthatwestillwantmore

materialthings?No.Asamatteroffact,whatwewantisatruefamily.Whatdoesatruefamily

mean?Ithinkitmeansaplacewherewecanhideourselvesfromthecoldworldoutside.From

here,wecangetwarmth,wecangetconsolation（安慰），andwecangethappiness.Andoneimportant

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thingisthatweshouldbestrongerandmoreconfidentintheoutsideworldbecauseweknowthat

wehaveatruefamily.

SoIthinkthatparentsshouldsitdowntotalkwiththeirchildrentoletknowthatthey

haveatruefamily,sothechildrenandtheirparentscouldunderstandeachothermoreandmore.

Then,parentswillnottreattheirchildrenaslittleones.

1.Intheeyesofmostparents,childrenneverandseldomdo.

2.Mostparentsalwaysthinktheythebestthingsfortheirchildrentolivein

theworld.

3.Childrenstilltheirparentsbecausewhatchildrenneedmostisnotmaterial

thingsbut.

4.Mostparentswanttheirchildrentogetintheexamswhiletheirchildrenwant

toget________.

5.Thewaytobetweenparentsandchildrenisthattheyshouldhavemore

communicationwitheachother.Then,nochildrenwillaslittleones.

【解题指导】

此类型题的设置顺序通常遵循文章的顺序。题目的句子源于文章但并不相同，需要填空的词并非直接

从文章摘录，而是通过理解做出对应题目要求的答案，比如第1题中的seldomdo—就是文章中使用的

oftendowrongthings的对立面，所以作答时就不能直接摘抄dowrongthings,而是这一结构的同意

转换，所以填seldomdorightthingso有些还需要根据词汇的使用规则进行选择，以满足语法的需要，

比如第2题，虽然文中使用的是offer,但是题目中使用的是—sthforsb结构，所以填provide。

任务型阅读理解模拟训练

Passage1

Brb（berightback）,gr8（great）,cya（seeyou）-it'saloteasiertouseabbreviations

（缩写）whenwetext,isn,tit?TheaverageAmericanteensends60textmessagesaday,andyou

canimaginehoweasyitcanbe.Butwhilewemightthinknothingofit,theresanongoing

discussionthattextmessagingcanhaveabadeffect（影响）onpeoplesgrammar.Manybelieve

theabbreviationsaregivingstudentsbadhabitswhenitcomestospellingandpunctuation（标

点）.

Someteacherssaythattextingandsocialnetworkingcausestudentstobelazywhenwriting

correctly.TherewasastudyinAugustintheNewMedia&Societyjournal.Itshowedthatyoung

adultswhooftenusetextspeakfinditratherdifficulttoturnbacktocorrectgrammarwhen

needed.

Butanotherviewisthattextmessaginghasnoeffectatall.Manypeopleconsideritto

bealanguageofitsown.Itcouldbecomparedtostudentslearningaforeignlanguage.This

doesn,thaveaneffectontheirnativelanguage.

Whetherit'sbadornot,itseemsthattextlanguageisbecomingverypopular.ThePew

InternetandAmericanLifeProjectdidastudynamedWriting,TechnologyandTeensin2012.

Accordingtothisstudy,64percentofteenssaidtheyusedinformal（非正式的）utextlanguage”

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whentheyweredoingtheirwritinghomework.

Butit'snotjustamatteroflanguage.Studentswhotextalotduringclassmayhave

difficultypayingattention.ScientistsattheUniversityofPittsburgh,US,didanotherstudy.

Studentswereaskedtocompleteaquestionnaireonhowmanytextstheysentandreceivedduring

class.Onaverage,studentssentmorethantwotextmessagesduringlectureslasting50to75

minutes.Theresearchshowedthatstudentswhooftentextduringclasscan'teasilykeeptheir

attentiononthelesson.Andthishasaneffectontheirlearning.

Using1.________whentexting

•Abbreviationsarebadforstudents'2._________andpunctuation

use.

•Studentsbecome3.becauseoftextingandsocial

networking.

A.People,sopinions

•Young4.findithardtoreturntocorrectgrammaronce

theyhavegotusedtoabbreviating.

•Itisconsideredtobea5..

•Ithasnoeffectontheir6.________language.

•8.________percentofteenssaidtheyusedtextlanguagein

homework.

•Onaverage,studentssentmorethan9.textmessages

B.7.ontexting

duringlecturesthatlastaroundanhour.

•Itis10.forthosewhotextalottopayattentionin

class.

Passage2

Canyouimaginewhatitwouldbeliketoliveandstudyinanancientcastle（城堡）？I'm

talkingaboutBritishboarding（寄宿）schools,wheresomechildrenactuallylivelikeHarryPotter

（althoughsadlywithoutthemagic）.

BoardingschoolsinBritainarenotcheap.Theaveragecostis£25,152（254,011yuan）for

justoneyear.Theschoolsareusuallyveryoldandrichinhistory.Theyplayedabigrolein

Britishhistory,andhavecloseconnections（联系）toOxfordandCambridgeuniversities.Students

areusuallyverywealthy（有钱）;PrinceWilliamandHarrybothwenttoEton,aschoolwhichhas

produced19Britishprimeministers（首相）.

Oneofthemostimportantthingsfortheseschoolsissport.Cricket（板球），rugby（英式

橄榄球）androwing（赛艇运动）areplayednearlyeveryday.Thesegamesbuildteamworkand

discipline（纪律）.

ThereisafamoussayinginEnglish:"TheBritishEmpire（帝国）wasbuiltontheplaying

fieldsofEton.”

BoardingschoolsoftenappearinEnglishbooksandfilms.Theyoungchildwithoutparents

growingupinaboardingschoolisfoundinhundredsofstories,althoughthemostfamousnow

isHarryPotter.Boardingschoolsarebecominglesstraditional,though,andmoreinternational.

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Nearly9,000foreignkidsjoinedaBritishboardingschoollastyear,andathirdofthesecame

fromChina.

1.AreboardingschoolsexpensiveinBritain?

2.WhatistheschoolEtonfamousfor?

3.Whatcanstudentslearnfromthosedailysports?

4.HowmanyChinesestudentswenttoBritishboardingschoolslastyear?

5.Whatisthestorymainlyabout?

Passage3

Humanstodaylookverydifferenttohowtheywerehundredsofthousandsofyearsago.Human

evolution（进化）haschangedourbodiesinmanyways.Butthere'saquestionthatstillbothers

thescientists.Willhumanskeepevolvingorhavewereachedtheendoftheline?

ThescientificnameforhumansisHomosapiens（智人）・SincemodernHomosapiensappeared

around50,000yearsago,therehavebeenfewphysicalchangesinourevolution.Oneargument

isthattechnologyandmedicinehavesloweddownevolution.Becausewearesmartenoughtobuild

thingsthatsolveproblems,wedon'tneedourbodiestoadapt.

Butmanyothersdisagree,andthereisalotofevidencethatwehavecontinuedtochange

overtime.Forexample,ourbrainshavebecomealittlebitsmalleroverthelast30,000years.

Scientistssaythisisnotbecausewearebecomingmorestupidbutbecauseourbrainshavebecome

moreeffective.

Butevolutionisn,tjustaboutobviouschanges.It'salsoaboutsmallgenetic（基因的）

changeshappeninginsideofus.Themovementofpeoplearoundtheworldhascausedhumansto

adaptevenfaster.Ithasbecomeeasierfordiseasestospreadandthehumanbodyhastoact

morequicklytoprotectitself.

Butit'simpossibletotellwhatmighthappennext.Manybelieveitisfoolishtotryand

predict（预知）thefutureofhumanevolution.Forexample,anextremechangeintemperature,

liketheIceAge（冰河时代），couldmeanhumanshavetosuddenlyevolvemorequicklytoadapt.

Otherwise,itcouldbethousandsofyearsbeforeweseeanybigphysicalchangeshappen.

1.WhendidmodernHomosapiensstarttoliveonEarth?

ModernHomosapienscameintobeing.

2.Whydosomepeoplethinktechnologyandmedicinehavesloweddownevolution?

Becausetheythinktechnologyandmedicinecanhelpuseasilyandour

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bodiesdon'tneedtoadapt.

3.Whatdoscientiststhinkofourbrains'beingsmallerthan30,000yearsago?

Theythinkourbrainshavebecome.

4.Whatproblemshaspeople1smovementaroundtheworldbrought?

Ithasmadetospreadeasily.

5.WhathappenedduringtheIceAge?

Therewasan.

Passage4

Dinnerisn,tcompletewithoutfood,sbestfriend:adrink.Theworld*smostfamousdrinks

areamixofhistoryandculture,andusuallyshowupinthebiggestfestivals.So,let'sturn

ourtastebuds（味蕾）tothebestdrinkstheworldhastooffer.

What'stheglobaldrinkforvictory（胜利）？It'schampagne（香槟），atypeofwine.Itwas

firstmadeinaplaceinFrancecalledChampagne.Inthepast,onlyrichpeoplecouldafford

it.Butnow,champagneisusedatanybigeventorfestival.Interestingly,thewinnerofasporting

eventissprayed（喷洒）withchampagne,butdoesn,tdrinkit.

Ifchampagneisforexcitingmoments,thenteaisformorerelaxedsituations.Manycultures

enjoyasipofhotteaintheirwarmhomesduringwinter.WhileteacomesfromChina,theBritish

lovetodrinkit,too.ItisBritain,sfavoritedrinkandpartofeverydaylifeformany.According

totheUKTeaCouncil,165millioncupsofteaaredrunkeverysingledayintheUK.

Besideswater,beerisoneoftheoldestdrinksthathumanshaveenjoyed.Itcomesinmany

flavors（风味）aroundtheworld.Oneoftheworld'sbiggestfestivalsisa16-daycelebration

ofbeer:theOktoberfestinMunich,Germany.Around6millionpeoplefromaroundtheworldgather

theretodrinktraditionalbeereachyear.

Butremember:drinkingalcohol（酒精）canbebadforyoungbrains.Mostcountries,including

China,don,tallowpeopletodrinkalcoholiftheyareyoungerthan18.

1.Drinksareusuallyregardedasamixof,andtheyplayanimportantrolein

2.Champagne,atypeof