2019高考英语一轮基础自练题Unit2Cloning含解析新人教版选修8

欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助!欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助!欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助!欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助!欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助!欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助!Unit2Cloning李仕才***阅读理解。Spider(蜘蛛)webshavesomethingincommonwithguitarstrings.Thelong,thinstringsonaguitarcanvibrate(振动).Theymovebackandforth,orfromsidetoside.Sodowebsmadebyspiders.Thelinesofsilktheyproducecancarryvibrations.Thismovementgivesthesmallcreatureinformationaboutwhatlandedontheweb.Spidershaveeightlegsandusuallyeighteyes.Theanimalsbuildwebswiththeirownsoft,naturally­madesilk.Andmuchlikeplayingthestringsofaguitar,aspidercansendoutvibrationsacrossitswebovermanydifferentfrequencies(频率).Spiderscatchtheirfood,usuallyinsectsintheirwebs.Theymakesmallmovements,whichspreadacrosstheirwebs.Thevibrationscangivethespiderdetailsaboutwhatiscaughtintheweb—maybeapossiblemate，orsomethingtastytoeat.Vibrationsarenotjustusedtospotwhatisfordinner.Theyarealsoimportantincourtship(求爱),solotsofmaleswillactuallycreateaveryspecifickindofmusicalpatternwhichthefemalescanusetodeterminenotonlythatthey’reamale,butthey’retherightspecies,andwhethertheymightwanttomatewiththemaswell.Spidersmaketheirownvibrationstofindouttheconditionofthewebs.Bycontrollingthetightnessofthematerial,theycaneffectivelycontrolhowinformationisgettingtothemwhentheyhangoutinthemiddleoftheweb.Spidershaveaspecialabilitytoshapethephysicalnatureoftheirself­madematerialsandcreations.Scientiststhinkthatspidersilkmayhavechangedovertimeforthispurpose.【解题导语】本文介绍了蜘蛛吐出的蛛丝可以传播不同频率的振动，这些振动让它们知道蜘蛛网上落下了什么东西并且这些振动在求爱中也非常重要。1．Howdoesaspiderfeelthataninsectiscaughtintheweb?A．Throughitssenseofsight.B．Throughvibrationsofitsweb.C．Throughdifferentfrequencies.D．Throughamusicalpattern.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“Thevibrationscangivethespiderdetailsaboutwhatiscaughtintheweb”可知，蜘蛛可以通过蛛网的振动知道有东西落到蛛网上了。故选B项。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inParagraph2probablyreferto?A．Insects. B．Strings.C．Spiders. D．Vibrations.A解析：代词指代题。根据第二段的“Spiderscatchtheirfood...acrosstheirwebs.”可知，蜘蛛在它们的蛛网上捕食，一般捕到的都是昆虫。它们制造出传遍整张蛛网的小振动。所以They指代的是昆虫。3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．Silkproducesvibrationsasthestringsofaguitardo.B．Femalespidersmakespecialsoundstoattractapartner.C．Huntingwillbehardforspidersifthesilkisloose.D．Thetightnessofsilkcan’tbeadjustedonceit’smade.C解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Bycontrollingthetightnessofthematerial,theycaneffectivelycontrolhowinformationisgettingtothem”可知，蛛网的紧密度对蜘蛛捕猎至关重要，故选C项。4．Thetextmainlytellsreaders___________．A．guitarsandspiderwebsaresimilarB．spiderwebshavevariousfunctionsC．spidersareskillfulinhuntinginsectsD．vibrationsarevitalinaspider’slifeD解析：主旨大意题。根据整篇文章的叙述，尤其是第二段中的最后一句可知，D项正确。***语法填空。Thetruth__1__treesarevitaltoourlifeisnotasecret.Theyprovideuswithfood,woodandmost__2__(important),oxygen.Nowthereisonemorethingwecanaddtothislist—blockingoutharmfulbacteriafromwater.Thediscovery__3__(make)byateamconsistingofscientistsfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)andhighschoolstudents__4__wereseekinganaturalwaterfilter—onethatwouldhelpcommunitiesindevelopingcountriesthatdonothave__5__(accessible)tomodernwaterfiltersystems.The__6__(research),ledbyProfessorRohitKarnik,decidedtoturntotreesforhelpbecausetheycouldallowliquidtoflowthrough,whileblockingoutairbubbles.Theybeganbycutting1.5－inch－widesectionsoftreebarkfromthebranchesofawhitepinetree.Thepeoplerelatedthentestedthewood'sfilteringabilityby__7__(pour)watercontainingreddyeparticlesofdifferentsizesthrough.Totheir__8__(amaze),theyfoundthatitwaseffectiveintrappingallthearticles.__9__(encourage),theteamconducted__10__experiment,thistimewithwaterthatcontainedbacteria.Sureenough,thesapwoodheldback99%ofthebacteria,allowingonly1%toflowthrough.1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。树木对人类至关重要，本文通过两个实验证明了树木除了能够提供食物、木材、氧气等作用外，还能够隔离细菌。1．that考查同位语从句的连接词。第1空后的内容解释说明名词truth的内容，因此设空处引导同位语从句，只起连接作用，不作成分。故填that。2．Importantly考查词性转换。此处表示“最重要的是”，应用副词形式，构成固定短语mostimportantly，故填importantly。3．wasmade考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，此处动词在句中作谓语。根据全文主体时态为一般过去时可知，该句也应用一般过去时；make与discovery之间为动宾关系，故应用被动语态。4．who/that考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词是scientistsandhighschoolstudents，指人，故用who或that引导。5．access考查词性转换。haveaccessto为固定短语，意为“有使用……的机会”。6．researchers考查词性转换及名词的数。根据本句中的decidedto可知，设空处应填名词作句子主语，指“研究人员”，且由从句中的they可知，故应用复数形式researchers。7．pouring考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词pour，空前为介词by，其后应用动名词。故填pouring。8．amazement考查固定用法。“toone's＋名词”为固定用法，意为“令某人……的是”，故填amazement。9．Encouraged考查非谓语动词。encourage与主语theteam之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词形式，在句中作原因状语。10．another考查限定词。根据第10空后的内容可知，这个小组又做了另外一个实验，故填another，意为“另一个”。***完形填空。Werarelygetachancetoseepurecareandloveforthosewhoneeditmost.Andthisstorywill1servetoremindusthereisstilllotsofgoodintheworldandthatweareresponsiblefor2thatgoodness.MsNoriza,49yearsold,waswalkinginthestreetwhenshesmelta(an)3smell.Shenoticedmanypeoplewereholdingtheir4andhurriedby.Lookingaroundshefoundanoldmaninawheelchairvomiting(呕吐)andhisclothesweremade5.“Nobodywashelpinghimeventhoughhelookedso6,”MsNorizaexplained.Shefoundsomepeoplewerenotonlynotdoingsomethingaboutit,butwerecomplaining.The7wasmorethanshecouldbear.8,shewentuptohelp.ShewentandboughtapairofshortsandaT-shirtinanearbystoreandhelpedtheoldmanget9.Afterthat,sheaccompaniedhimbacktohisflat10shewenttowork.Therewaskindnessshownbysomeother11,includingMrGoh.Hewasso12bywhatMsNorizahaddonethathegothisfriendto13thepressofthisstory.“Her14towardsastrangermovedme.Itwas15andcompletekindness,”saidMrGoh.Sometimeswearesofocusedonconflicts,argumentsandallsortsof16thingsthatweforgetthattheworldiswhatitisbecauseofus.Ifwewanttoseeasocietyfulloflove,weshoulddeliverthat17throughouractionsandourlives.Sonexttimewearegiventhispriceless18totouchsomeoneelse’slife,letus19themomentanddosomethinggood,notjustforthesociety,butforour20aswell.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,介绍了MsNoriza在大街上帮助素不相识的老人的事情。通过本文作者呼吁人们要相信善良,秉承善良,传播善良,让社会变得更加美好。1.A.approximately B.hopefullyC.finally D.merely【解析】选B。approximately大约;hopefully有希望地;finally最后;merely仅仅。在文章末段作者发表了自己的感慨,由此判断作者讲述这个故事的目的是希望人们能够把善良的美德传播开来,故选B。2.A.spreading B.praisingC.searching D.discovering【解析】选A。spread传播;praise表扬;search搜寻;discover发现。从文章最后两段内容可知作者希望人们用善良来驱逐冷漠,用道德来传递温暖,鼓励人们亲身去做,而不局限于仅仅去发现或者表扬善良的行为,故选A。3.A.strong B.fragrantC.sweet D.unpleasant【解析】选D。strong强壮的;fragrant芳香的;sweet甜的;unpleasant不愉快的。根据下文内容可知MsNoriza闻到的是老人的呕吐物的味道,当然不会好闻,故选D。4.A.ears B.eyes C.noses D.mouths【解析】选C。从当时的情景可知老人的呕吐物发出难闻的味道,路过的人都捏着鼻子,holdone’snose“捏紧鼻子”。故选C。5.A.wet B.dirtyC.wrinkled D.broken【解析】选B。wet潮湿的;dirty脏的;wrinkled有褶皱的;broken破损的。根据语境可知坐在轮椅上的老人呕吐时把衣服弄脏了,故选B。6.A.pitiful B.desperateC.hopeless D.merciful【解析】选A。pitiful可怜的;desperate绝望的;hopeless没希望的;merciful仁慈的。在此MsNoriza指老人的状况很可怜,令人同情,故选A。7.A.action B.smellC.word D.sight【解析】选D。上文MsNoriza描述了当时的情景,她对没人帮助老人的这种情形看不下去,故选D。8.A.However B.BesidesC.Therefore D.Otherwise【解析】选C。however然而;besides此外;therefore因此;otherwise否则。从语境可知此处表示因果关系,故选C。9.A.cleaned B.dressedC.changed D.shaved【解析】选C。clean清洁;dress打扮;change换;shave剃。根据上文可知老人把衣服弄脏了,而且MsNoriza给他买了新衣服,由此判断她帮他换上干净的衣服,getchanged“换衣服”,故选C。10.A.before B.untilC.after D.when【解析】选A。从常识和语境可知善良的MsNoriza先送老人回家,然后去上班,故选A。11.A.customers B.passers-byC.women D.salesmen【解析】选B。从上文中的“Shenoticedmanypeoplewereholdingtheirandhurriedby”.可知MsNoriza只是在大街上路过,所以选B。

12.A.attracted B.encouragedC.inspired D.touched【解析】选D。attract吸引;encourage鼓励;inspire激励;touch触动。根据下文MrGoh说的话“...towardsastrangermovedme.”可知他被MsNoriza的行为感动了,故选D。13.A.warn B.convinceC.remind D.inform【解析】选D。warn警告;convince使人信服;remind提醒;inform通知。从语境可知MrGoh让他的朋友把MsNoriza的善良行为告诉了媒体,故选D。14.A.politeness B.honestyC.selflessness D.carefulness【解析】选C。politeness礼貌;honesty诚实;selflessness无私;carefulness认真。根据故事内容以及后句中的completekindness可知此处MrGoh指MsNoriza对待一个素不相识的人的那份善良和无私,故选C。15.A.pure B.simpleC.common D.unusual【解析】选A。pure纯的;simple简单的;common常见的;unusual不同寻常的。根据and连接并列成分前后一致的原则可以判断填pure,表示不带有其他目的、纯粹的,故选A。16.A.mental B.negativeC.positive D.practical【解析】选B。mental精神的;negative消极的;positive积极的;practical实际的。根据前面列举的名词conflicts,arguments可知此处指一些消极、负面的事情,故选B。17.A.motto B.messageC.speech D.solution【解析】选B。motto箴言;message信息;speech演讲;solution解决方法。从if从句的内容可知如果人们想要一个充满爱的社会,那么就需要通过我们的行为来传递这种信息,故选B。18.A.gift B.situationC.experience D.opportunity【解析】选D。gift礼物,天赋;situation情形;experience经历,经验;opportunity机会。在文中作者呼吁人们要在别人需要帮助的时候,伸出援助之手,由此可知此处指当人们遇到这样的事情,即有机会去传递爱心的时候,不要错过这个机会,故选D。19.A.seize B.findC.celebrate D.seek【解析】选A。seize抓住;find发现;celebrate庆祝;seek寻求。从上文可知作者希望人们遇到此事时,把美好、善良传递下去,希望人们抓住机会。故选A。20.A.memories B.parentsC.souls D.future【解析】选C。memory记忆;parent父母;soul灵魂;future将来。俗话说:赠人玫瑰,手留余香。善意的行为不仅传播善良和美好,也给自己带来快乐,让心灵得到洗礼和升华。故选C。***短文改错。Thisismyfifthdayatthesummercamp.Lifeisn'texactwhatIexpected.WehavetogetupearlytomakeourbedsbeforeourteacherMissLicometoinspect.Afterbreakfast,wehavesomeoffreetime.YesterdaymorningIwentfishing,buttheonlythingIcatchwasatreebranch.Intheafternoon,therearedifferentactivitylikehorsebackridingandhiking.They'refun,sonothingnewforme.Intheevening,everyoneisassignedadifferenttasktogetdinnerready.Yesterday,Iwasinchargeofpreparethehotdogs,butI