职称英语-职称英语理工类b级模拟16

职称英语理工类B级模拟16

第1部分：词汇选项

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接

近的选项。

1>Manyfinecooksinsistoningredientsofthehighestquality.

A.demandB.relyonC.prepareforD.create

2、SincetheGreatDepression,theUnitedStatesgovernmenthasprotected

farmersfromdamagingdropsingrainprices.

A.slightB.surprisingC.suddenD.

harmful

3、CementwasseldomusedinbuildingduringtheMiddleAges.

A.crudelyB.rarelyC.originallyD.

symbolically

4、Nervesignalsmaytravelthroughnerveormusclefibersatspeedsashigh

astwohundredmilesperhour.

A.velocitiesB.impulsesC.ratiosD.

atrocities

5、ThepoetWilliamCarlosWilliamswasaNewJerseyphysician.

A.doctorB.professorC.physicistD.

resident

6、Medicinedependsonotherfieldsforbasicinformation,particularlysomeof

theirspecializedbranches.

A.conventionallyB.obviouslyC.especiallyD.

inevitably

7、Weshalltakethetreasureawaytoasafeplace.

A.cleanB.prettyC.distantD.secure

8、AnimportantpartofthenationalgovernmentistheForeignService,a

branchoftheDepartmentofState.

A.aunityB.adivisionC.anembassyD.an

invasion

9、Thechild1sabnormalbehaviorpuzzledthedoctor.

A.badB.frighteningC.repeatedD.

unusual

10、Thereisanabundantsupplyofcheaplaborinthiscountry.

A.asteadyB.aplentifulC.anextraD.ameager

11>Inordertoimproveourstandardofliving,wehavetoaccelerateproduction.

A.stepupB.decreaseC.stopD.control

12>Gasdoesaccumulateintheminesaroundhere.

A.increaseB.spreadC.collectD.grow

13、Ourplanistoallocateonememberofstafftohandleappointments.

A.assignB.persuadeC.askD.order

14、Herbehaviorisextremelychildish.

A.simpleB.immatureC.beautifulD.foolish

15>Idon11quitefollowwhatsheissaying.

A.observeB.understandC.explainD.describe

第2部分：阅读判断

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供

的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文

中没有提及，请选择C。

BillGates：UnleashingYourCreativity

I*vealwaysbeenanoptimistandIsupposethatisrootedinmybelief

thatthepowerofcreativityandintelligencecanmaketheworldabetter

place.

ForaslongasIcanremember,I*velovedlearningnewthingsandsolving

problems.SowhenIsatdownatacomputerforthefirsttimeinseventh

grade,Iwashooked.Itwasachunkyoldteletypemachineanditcouldbarely

doanythingcomparedtothecomputerswehavetoday.Butitchangedmylife.

WhenmyfriendPaulAllenandIstartedMicrosoft30yearsago,wehad

avisionof"acomputeroneverydeskandineveryhome,'*whichprobably

soundedalittletoooptimisticatatimewhenmostcomputerswerethesize

ofrefrigerators.Butwebelievedthatpersonalcomputerswouldchangethe

world.Andtheyhave.

Andafter30years,11mstillasinspiredbycomputersasIwasbackin

seventhgrade.

Ibelievethatcomputersarethemostincredibletoolwecanusetofeed

ourcuriosityandinventivenesstohelpussolveproblemsthateventhesmartest

peoplecouldn*tsolveontheirown.

Computershavetransformedhowwelearn,givingkidseverywhereawindow

intoalloftheworld*sknowledge.They*rehelpingusbuildcommunitiesaround

thethingswecareaboutandtostayclosetothepeoplewhoareimportant

tous,nomatterwheretheyare.

LikemyfriendWarrenBuffett,Ifeelparticularlyluckytodosomething

everydaythatIlovetodo.Hecallsit"tap-dancingtowork".Myjobat

Microsoftisaschallengingasever,butwhatmakesme"tap-dancingtowork"

iswhenweshowpeoplesomethingnew,likeacomputerthatcanrecognizeyour

handwritingoryourspeech,oronethatcanstorealifetime1sworthofphotos,

andtheysay,nIdidn*tknowyoucoulddothatwithaPC!n

ButforallthecoolthingsthatapersoncandowithaPC,therearelots

ofotherwayswecanputourcreativityandintelligencetoworktoimprove

ourworld.Therearestillfartoomanypeopleintheworldwhosemostbasic

needsgounmet.Everyyear,forexample,millionsofpeoplediefromdiseases

thatareeasytopreventortreatinthedevelopedworld.

Ibelievethatmyowngoodfortunebringswithitaresponsibilitytogive

backtotheworld.Mywife,Melinda,andIhavecommittedtoimprovinghealth

andeducationinawaythatcanhelpasmanypeopleaspossible.

Asafather,IbelievethatthedeathofachildinAfricaisnolesspoignant

ortragicthanthedeathofachildanywhereelse,andthatitdoesn*ttake

muchtomakeanimmensedifferenceinthesechildren*slives.

I*mstillverymuchanoptimistzandIbelievethatprogressoneventhe

world*stoughestproblemsispossibleandit1shappeningeveryday.We*re

seeingnewdrugsfordeadlydiseasesznewdiagnostictools,andnewattention

paidtothehealthproblemsinthedevelopingworld.

I*mexcitedbythepossibilitiesIseeformedicine,foreducationand,

ofcourse,fortechnology.AndIbelievethatthroughournaturalinventiveness,

creativityandwillingnesstosolvetoughproblems,we1regoingtomakesome

amazinginalltheseareainmylife.

16、AcomputerwasasbigasaniceboxwhenBillGateswasahighschoolstudent.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17、BillGateshasbeendreamingofthepopularityofcomputersforhislifetime.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、BillGatescompareshishardworkonaPCto"tap-dancingtowork".

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19>ToBillGates*mind,thereisabigdifferencebetweenthedeathofthe

poor1schildrenandthedeathoftherich1schildren.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、SofarBillGateshascontributedseveraldozenbilliondollarstothe

charities.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21>BillGatesandhiswifeconsiderittheirdutytohelpthepoorbetter

theirhealthandeducationasmuchaspossible.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、BillGateswillleaveonlyasmallportionofhiswealthforhischildren.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2、3、4、

5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27〜30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个

最佳选项。

IntelligentMachines

1Medicalscientistsarealreadyputtingcomputerchips（芯片）directlyintothe

braintohelppeoplewhohaveParkinson'sdisease,butinwhatotherwaysmight

computertechnologybeabletohelpus?RayKurzweilisauthorofthesuccessfulbook

TheAgeofIntelligentMachinesandisoneoftheworld'sbestcomputerresearch

scientists.Heisresearchingthepossibilities.

2Kurzweilgetscomputerstorecognizevoices.AnexampleofthisisRamona,

thevirtualhostessofKurzweil'shomepage,whoisprogrammedtounderstandwhat

yousay.Visitorstothesitecanhavetheirconversationswithher,andRamonaalso

dancesandsings.

3Kurzweilusesthistechnologytohelppeoplewithphysicaldisabilities.Oneof

hisideasisa"seeingmachine".Thiswillbe"likeafriendthatcoulddescribewhatis

goingoninthevisibleworld,"heexplains.Blindpeoplewilluseavisualsensorwhich

willprobablybebuiltintoapairofsunglasses.Thissensorwilldescribetotheperson

everythingitsees.

4Anotheridea,whichislikelytohelpdeafpeople,isthe"listeningmachine".

Thisinventionwillrecognizemillionsofwordsandunderstandanyspeaker.The

listeningmachinewillalsobeabletotranslateintootherlanguages,soevenpeople

withouthearingproblemsarelikelytobeinterestedinusingit.

5Butitisnotjustabouthelpingpeoplewithdisabilities.Lookingfurtherintothe

future,Kurzweilseesatimewhenwewillbeabletodownloadourentire

consciousnessontoacomputer.Thistechnologyprobablywon'tbereadyforatleast50

years,butwhenitarrives,itmeansourmindwillbeabletoliveforever.

AAnewpairofears

BComputersthatcancommunicate

CEverlastingconsciousnessonacomputer

DTimetobreakoffafriendship

EAnauthorandresearcher

FAnewpairofeves

23、Paragraph2______

24、Paragraph3______

25、Paragraph4______

26>Paraqraph5

Awhatyousay

Bapairofsunglasses

Cthelisteningmachine

Davisualsensor

Ewhohavedisabilities

Flivingforeverinacomputer

27、RayKurzweilworkswithcomputerstohelppeople

28、Ramonaisabletounderstand

29、Blindpeoplewillbeabletoseetheworldwith

30、Peoplewithouthearingproblemsmayalsobeinterestedinusing

第4部分：阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

弟扁

LongerLivesforWildElephants

Mostpeoplethinkofzoosassafeplacesforanimals,wherestrugglessuch

asdifficultyfindingfoodandavoidingpredatorsdon*texist.Withoutsuch

problems,animalsinzoosshouldlivetoaripeoldage.

ButmattermaynotbetrueforthelargestlandanimalsonEarth.Scientists

haveknownthatelephantsinzoosoftensufferfrompoorhealth.Theydevelop

diseaseszjointproblemsandbehaviorchanges.Sometimesztheyevenbecome

infertileorunabletohavebabies.

Tolearnmoreabouthowcaptivityaffectselephantszateamofinternational

scientistscomparedthelifespansoffemaleelephantsborninzooswith

femaleelephantslivingoutdoorsintheirnativelands.Zooskeepdetailed

recordsofalltheanimalsintheircare,documentingfactorssuchasbirth

dateszillnesseszweightanddeath.Theserecordsmadeitpossibleforthe

researcherstoanalyze40yearsofdataon800AfricanandAsianelephants

inzoosacrossEurope.Thescientistscomparedthelifespansofthezooborn

elephantswiththelifespansofthousandsoffemalewildelephantsinAfrica

andAsianelephantsthatworkinloggingcamps,overapproximatelythesame

timeperiod.

TheteamfoundthatfemaleAfricanelephantsborninzooslivedanaverage

of16.9years.Theirwildcounterpartswhodiedofnaturalcauseslivedan

averageof56years--morethanthreetimesaslong.FemaleAsianelephants

followedasimilarpattern.Inzoos,theylived18.9yearszwhilethosein

theloggingcampslived41.7years.

Scientistsdon*tyetknowwhywildelephantsseemtofaresomuchbetter

thantheirzoo-raisedcounterparts.GeorgiaMason,abiologistatthe

UniversityofGuelphinCanadawholedthestudy,thinksstressandobesity

maybetoblame.Zooelephantsdon11getthesamekindofexercisetheywould

inthewild,andmostareveryfat.Elephantsociallivesarealsomuchdifferent

inzoosthaninthewild,wheretheyliveinlargeherdsandfamilygroups.

AnotherfindingfromthestudyshowedthatAsianelephantsborninzoos

weremorelikelytodieearlierthanAsianelephantscapturedinthewild

andbroughttozoos.Masonsuggestsstressinthemothersinzoosmightcause

themtohavebabiesthatarelesslikelytosurvive.

Thestudyraisessomequestionsaboutacquiringmoreelephantstokeep

inzoos.Whilesomethreatenedandendangeredspecieslivinginzoosreproduce

successfullyandmaintainhealthypopulations,whichdoesn1tappeartobe

thecasewithelephants."Currently,zoosalertconsumersofelephantsznot

netproducers,"Masonsays.

31>Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,unlikeotherzooanimalszzoo

e1ephants_______.

A.havedifficultyeatingfood

B.livetoaripeoldage

C.arenotafraidofpredator

D.develophealthproblems

32>Whichofthefollowingabouttheinternationalscientists1researchon

thelifespansofelephantsisNOTtrue?

A.Theycomparedzooelephantswithwildelephants.

B.Theykeptdetailedrecordsofalltheelephantsintheircare.

C.Theyanalyzedtherecordsoftheelephantskeptinzoos.

D.Thezoo-bornelephantstheystudiedarekeptinEuropeanzoos.

33、Whatdothescientistsfindintheirresearch?

A.Femaleelephantslivelongerthanmaleelephants.

B.Femalezooelephantslivelongerthantheirwildcounterparts.

C.Femalezooelephantsdiemuchearlierthantheirwildcounterparts.

D.Elephantsinzoosandthoseinthewildenjoythesamelonglifespans.

34、Whatarethepossiblecausesofstressandobesityzoo-raisedelephants

generallysufferfrom?

A.Theydonotlikelivinginherds.

B.Theydonotgetenoughexercise.

C.Theydonotlivewiththeirfamilies.

D,BothBandC.

35、Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorsuggestinthelastparagraph?

A.Itmaynotbeawisepolicytokeepelephantsinthezoo.

B.Elephantsarenolongeranendangeredspecies.

C.Zoo-bornelephantsshouldbelookedaftermorecarefully.

D.Zoosshouldkeepmoreanimalsexceptelephants.

弟一m

LightNight,DarkStars

Thousandsofpeoplearoundtheglobestepoutsidetogazeattheirnight

sky.Onaclearnight,withnoclouds,moonlightzorartificiallightsto

blocktheview,peoplecanseemorethan14,000starsinthesky,saysDennis

Ward,anastronomerwiththeUniversityCorporationforAtmosphericResearch

(UCAR)inBoulder,Colo.Butwhenpeoplearesurroundedbycitylights,he

says,they*reluckytosee150stars.

Ifyou1veeverdriventowardabigcityatnightandseenitsglowfrom

agreatdistance,you1vewitnessedlightpollution.Itoccurswhenlight

fromstreetlightszofficebuildings,signs,andothersourcesstreamsinto

spaceandilluminatesthenightsky.Thishazeoflightmakesmanystarsinvisible

topeopleonEarth.EvenatnightzbigcitieslikeNewYorkglowfromlight

pollution,makingstargazingdifficult.

Dustandparticlesofpollutionfromfactoriesandindustriesworsenthe

effectsoflightpollution."Ifonecityhasalotmorelightpollutionthan

another,nWardsays,11thatcitywillsuffertheeffectsoflightpollution

onamuchgreaterscale."

Hazyskiesalsomakeitfarmoredifficultforastronomerstodotheir

jobs.

Citiesaregettinglarger.Suburbsaregrowinginoncedark,ruralareas.

Lightfromallthisnewdevelopmentisincreasinglyobscuringthefaintlight

givenoffbydistantstars.Andifscientistscan11locatetheseobjects,

theycan*tlearnmoreaboutthem.

Lightpollutiondoesn*tonlyaffectstarvisibility.Itcanharmwildlife

too.It1sclearthatartificiallightcanattractanimals,makingthemgo

offcourse.There1sincreasingevidence,forexample,thatmigratingbirds

usesunsetsandsunrisestohelpfindtheirway,saysSydneyGauthreauxJr.,

ascientistatClemsonUniversityinSouthCarolina"Whenlightoccursat

night,nhesays,'*ithasaverydisruptiveinfluence.HSometimesbirdsfly

intolightedtowers,high-rises,andcablesfromradioandtelevisiontowers.

Expertsestimatethatmillionsofbirdsdiethiswayeveryyear.

36、Whencanpeoplesee14,000stars?

A.Whentheyhaveafairlygoodtelescope.

B.Whentheyareinalargecity.

C.Whenthenightskyisclearofclouds；moonlightandartificiallights.

D.Whenthenightskyiswithouthazeandfog.

37、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTrelatedtolightpollution?

A.Ahazeoflightisformedfromartificiallightssuchasstreetlights

andbuildinglights.

B.Lightsfromdifferentsourcesinthecitystreamintospaceandilluminate

thenightsky.

C.Thenightskyisilluminatedbythelightsfrombigglowingcitiesin

thenight.

D.Stargazingbecomesdifficultbecausethereisalayerofhazeinthe

air.

38>Doesthewriterthinkgrowingcitiesaffectastronomers1work?Whydoes

hethinkso?

A.Yes.Becausetheoncedarkruralareasarepollutedbylights.

B.No.Becausetheycanstillseestarsinruralareas.

C.Yes.Becauseruralareasarenotagoodplaceforastronomerstostudy

stars.

D.No.Becausefaintlightgivenoffbystarscanstillbeseenonaclear

night.

39、Howdoeslightpollutionaffectwildlife?WhichofthefollowingisNOT

correct?

A.Animalsmaygooffcourseduetotheattractionofartificiallights.

B.Animalsmightbeattractedbyartificiallightstogointocities.

C.Artificiallightsatnightmaymakemigratingbirdslosetheirway.

D.Attractedbyartificiallightszbirdsflyintolightedbuildings.

H

40、WhichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothetitleLightNightz

DarkStars"?

A.Thenightskyislightcoloredandstarsareblack.

B.Lightsappearatnightandstarsareseeninthedark.

C.Citylightsilluminatethenightskyandmakestarsinvisible.

D.Citylightsatnightilluminatestarsinthesky.

HairDetectives

Scientistshavefoundawaytousehairtofigureoutwhereapersonis

fromandwherethatpersonhasbeen.Thefindingcouldhelpsolvecrimesz

amongotherusefulapplications.

Wateriscentraltothenewtechnique.Ourbodiesbreakwaterdowninto

itsparts：hydrogenandoxygen.Atomsofthesetwoelementsendupinour

tissuesandhair.

Butnotallwateristhesame.Hydrogenandoxygenatomscanvaryinhow

muchtheyweigh.Differentformsofasingleelementarecalledisotopes.

Anddependingonwhereyoulive,tapwatercontainsuniqueproportionsof

theheavierandlighterisotopesofhydrogenandoxygen.

Mighthairrecordthesewateryquirks?That*swhatJamesR.Ehleringer,

anenvironmentalscientistattheUniversityofUtahinSaltLakeCity,wondered

tofindoutheandhiscolleaguescollectedhairfrombarbersandhairstylists

in65citiesin18statesacrosstheUnitedStates.Theresearchersassumed

thatthehairtheycollectedcamefrompeoplewholivedinthearea.

Eventhoughpeopledrinkalotofbottledwaterthesedays,thescientists

foundthathairoverwhelminglyreflectedtheconcentrationsofhydrogenand

oxygenisotopesinlocaltapwater.That1sprobablybecausepeopleusually

1

cooktheirfoodinthelocalwater.Whatsmorezmostoftheotherliquids

peopledrinkincludingmilkandsoftdrinkscontainlargeamountsofwater

thatalsocomefromsourceswithintheirregion.

Scientistsalreadyknewhowthecompositionofwatervariesthroughout

thecountry.Ehlerngerandcolleaguescombinedthatinformationwiththeir

resultstopredictthecompositionofhairinpeoplefromdifferentregions.

OnehairsampleusedinEhleringer1sstudycamefromamanwhohadrecently

movedfromBeijingzChina,toSaltLakeCity.Ashishairgrew,itreflected

hischangeinlocation.

Thenewtechniquecan11pointtoexactlywhereapersonisfrom,because

similartypesofwaterappearindifferentregionsthatspanabroadarea

butauthoritiescannowusetheinformationtoanalyzehairsamplesfrom

criminalsorcrimevictimsandnarrowtheirsearchforclues.

41>Whatdoesthewritersayabouttapwater?WhichofthefollowingisNOT

correct?

A.Tapwaterreflectstheconcentrationsofhydrogenandoxygenisotopes

indifferentregions.

B.TapwaterisakindofsoftdrinkintheUnitedStates.

C.Tapwatercontainsuniqueproportionsofisotopesofhydrogenandoxygen.

D.Tapwaterisusedtocookfood.

42、JamesR.Ehleringertriedtofindout.

A.ifourbodiesbreakwaterdownintoitsparts

B.ifitispossibletocollecthairsamplesacrossthecountry

C.iftapwatercontainsuniqueproportionsofisotopesofhydrogenand

oxygen

D.ifthecompositionofhaircanindicateexactlywherepeopleare