功能加忠诚理论诺德FunctionalityplusLoyalty专家讲座

functionalityplusloyalty

——ChristianeNord周莉刘美辰功能加忠诚理论诺德FunctionalityplusLoyalty专家讲座第1页MainpartsexamplesBackgroundNord'stheory123功能加忠诚理论诺德FunctionalityplusLoyalty专家讲座第2页第一代功效派翻译理论

1.

凯瑟林娜•赖斯(Kantharina

Reiss)翻译标准功效(the

Functional

Category

of

Translation

Criticism)

•提出将文本功效列为翻译批评一个标准，指出翻译批评依据应是原文和译文二者功效之间关系。•文本类型理论：信息型，表示型，操作型•译文必须连贯一致，而这种连贯性取决于译者对原文意图了解。•赖斯理论总体上是建立在对等理论之上，其实质指是译文与原文功效对等。功能加忠诚理论诺德FunctionalityplusLoyalty专家讲座第3页------------------------expressiveOperative

referenceworkreportlecture

biographyplaypoemoperatinginstructionstouristbrochureofficialspeech

satiresermonelectoralspeechadvertisementReiss’stexttypesandtextvarieties功能加忠诚理论诺德FunctionalityplusLoyalty专家讲座第4页2.

汉斯•费米尔(HansVermeer)翻译目标论(Skopostheorie)

•三个法则：目标法则，连贯法则，忠实性法则•以行为理论为基础，提出“翻译行为”概念

•全部翻译遵照首要法则是目标法则，翻译行为所要到达目标决定整个翻译行为过程，即结果决定方法功能加忠诚理论诺德FunctionalityplusLoyalty专家讲座第5页3.

贾斯塔•赫兹•曼塔利(Justa

Holz

Mantari)

翻译行为理论(theory

of

translation

action)•翻译行为理论把翻译视为有目标，重结果交际活动，把翻译过程视为与文化转换相关联信息传递综合体（message-transmitter

compounds)•翻译不是单纯地翻译词语，句子或文本，而是引导意向中合作，跨越文化障碍，促进功效性交际。功能加忠诚理论诺德FunctionalityplusLoyalty专家讲座第6页第二代功效翻译理论Nord'stheory功效加忠诚（FunctionplusLoyalty）

Definition:thetranslatorshouldaimatproducingfunctionaltargettextwhichconformstotherequirementofthetranslationskopos

fixedbytheinitiator,respecting,atthesametime,thelegitimateinterestsofboththeauthoroftheoriginalandthereadersofthetranslation.功能加忠诚理论诺德FunctionalityplusLoyalty专家讲座第7页texttypesandtheirfunctionsTypeFunctionExampleReferential指称referencetoobjectsandphenomenaoftheworldIt'sraining.(下雨了)Expressive表情expressionofthesender'sattitudeorfeelingstowardstheobjectsandphenomenadealtwithinthetextIt'sbloodypissingdownagain!(讨厌，又下雨了！)Appellative诉求appealingtothereceiver'sexperience,feelings,knowledge,sensibilityWaitheretillitstopsraining!(等雨停了再说吧！)Phatic寒暄establishing,maintainingorfinishingcontactNastyweatheragain,isn'tit?(见鬼天气又卷土重来了，你没感觉到吗？)ATranslation-orientedModelofTextFunctions(ChristianeNord)功能加忠诚理论诺德FunctionalityplusLoyalty专家讲座第8页referentialfunctioninformativefunction(atrafficaccident)metalingualfunction(aparticularuseoflanguage)instructivefunction(thecorrectwayofhandlingawashingmachine)teachingfunction(e.gGeography)功能加忠诚理论诺德FunctionalityplusLoyalty专家讲座第9页appellativefunctionTypeIntendedreactionillustrativefunctionrecognitionofsomethingknownpersuasivefunctionadoptthesender'sviewpointimperativefunctiondowhatthesenderisaskingforpedagogicalfunction(教育功效)learncertainformsofbehavioradvertisingfunctionbuytheproduct功能加忠诚理论诺德FunctionalityplusLoyalty专家讲座第10页expressivefunctionemotivefunction(expressionoffeelings)evaluativefunction(expressionofevaluation)功能加忠诚理论诺德FunctionalityplusLoyalty专家讲座第11页Phaticfunctionsalutationalfunction"smalltalk"function"peg"function功能加忠诚理论诺德FunctionalityplusLoyalty专家讲座第12页Twobasictypesoftranslationprocess

·Documentarytranslation(文件性翻译)·Aninstrumentaltranslation（工具性翻译）功能加忠诚理论诺德FunctionalityplusLoyalty专家讲座第13页DocumentarytranslationTranslatorsastheauthoroforiginaltexttheauthorSTrecipient功能加忠诚理论诺德FunctionalityplusLoyalty专家讲座第14页纪实型翻译DocumentaryTranslation翻译功效为目口号文化读者统计原语文化交际互动翻译类型纪实型翻译翻译形式逐行对照翻译逐词对应翻译语文学翻译异国情调翻译翻译目标再现原语系统再现原语形式再现原文形式+内容再现原文形式、内容+情景翻译焦点原语词汇结构+句法原文词汇单位原文句法单位原文文本（语篇）单位举例说明对比语言学新闻文本中引语希腊和拉丁经典名著当代文学中小说（散文）功能加忠诚理论诺德FunctionalityplusLoyalty专家讲座第15页AnInstrumentalTranslationtargetculturecommunicationAnewcommunicativeactionfulfillitscommunicativepurposeEg:Acomputermanualorsoftware功能加忠诚理论诺德FunctionalityplusLoyalty专家讲座第16页工具型翻译InstrumentalTranslation工具型翻译功效保留翻译（Function-preservingTranslation)或叫等同功效翻译（Equi-functionalTranslation)比如：科技文件、商务信函、操作手册、电脑说明书翻译等。异质功效翻译（HeterofunctionalTranslation)比如：莎士比亚戏剧被改译成儿童故事读物。相同翻译（HomologousTranslation)比如：“诗人译诗”做法。功能加忠诚理论诺德FunctionalityplusLoyalty专家讲座第17页忠实（fidelity,faithfulness）与忠诚a.fidelityorfaithfulnessreferstotherelationshipbetweensourcetextandtargettext.eg.literaltranslation(直译)freetranslation(意译)功能加忠诚理论诺德FunctionalityplusLoyalty专家讲座第18页b.loyaltyisaninterpersonalcategoryreferringtoasocialrelationshipbetweenpeople.(忠诚是一个翻译上伦理道义标准。)author;commissioner→→translator←←targetreaders

eg.LadyChatterley’sLover(《查特莱夫人情人》）

LivingHistory(《亲历历史：希拉里回想录》)

功能加忠诚理论诺德FunctionalityplusLoyalty专家讲座第19页1.functinalityandloyaltyinfilmdobbingKungFuPandaSo,youwanttogettosleep.那么是你想睡觉了Yeah.I'mkeepingyouup.你要睡了我在打搅你Wegotbigthingstomorrow.我们明天还有大事要干.allright.You'reawesome.Lastthingi'mgonnasay.Bye-bye.你很牛！我就说这些啦，OK拜拜～

功能加忠诚理论诺德FunctionalityplusLoyalty专家讲座第20页2.functionalityandloyaltyinbusinesstranslation安徽大学刘俊烈在译“涡阳苔干”广告时，有这么一个句子:“(苔干)有清热降压、通经脉、壮筋骨、去口臭、解热毒酒毒及治疗心脏病、神经官能症、消化不良、贫血诸功效。”他这么处理:Taiganhasbeenbelievedtobeabletoproducecertainmedicaleffects，namely，toallayafever，toreducehyp