电大《管理思想史》期末考前复习材料微缩打印版小抄

管理思想史教材复习资料管理思想史教材复习资料管理思想史教材复习资料第=3*21页共=3*NUMPAGES1236页第=3*12页共=3*NUMPAGES1236页第=3*PAGE13页共=3*NUMPAGES1236页请您删除一下内容，O(∩_∩)O谢谢！！！【China's10must-seeanimations】TheChineseanimationindustryhasseenconsiderablegrowthinthelastseveralyears.Itwentthroughagoldenageinthelate1970sand1980swhensuccessivelybrilliantanimationworkwasproduced.Hereare10must-seeclassicsfromChina'sanimationoutpouringthatarenottobemissed.Let'srecallthesecolorfulimagesthatbroughtthecountrygreatjoy.CalabashBrothersCalabashBrothers(Chinese:葫芦娃)isaChineseanimationTVseriesproducedby

Shanghai

Animation

Film

Studio.Inthe1980stheserieswasoneofthemostpopularanimationsinChina.ItwasreleasedatapointwhentheChineseanimationindustrywasinarelativelydownedstatecomparedtotherestoftheinternationalcommunity.Still,theserieswastranslatedinto7differentlanguages.Theepisodeswereproducedwithavastamountofpaper-cutanimations.BlackCatDetectiveBlackCatDetective(Chinese:黑猫警长)isaChineseanimationtelevisionseriesproducedbytheShanghaiAnimationFilmStudio.ItissometimesknownasMr.Black.Theserieswasoriginallyairedfrom1984to1987.InJune2015,arebroadcastingoftheoriginalserieswasannounced.Criticsbemoantheseries'violence,andlackofsuitabilityforchildren'seducation.Proponentsoftheshowclaimthatitismerelyforentertainment.Effendi"Effendi",meaningsirand

teacherinTurkish,istherespectfulnameforpeoplewhoownwisdomandknowledge.Thehero'srealnamewasNasreddin.Hewaswiseandwittyand,moreimportantly,hehadthecouragetoresisttheexploitationofnoblemen.Hewasalsofullofcompassionandtriedhisbesttohelppoorpeople.AdventureofShukeandBeita【舒克与贝塔】AdventureofShukeandBeita(Chinese:舒克和贝塔)isaclassicanimationbyZhengYuanjie,whoisknownasKingofFairyTalesinChina.ShukeandBeitaaretwomicewhodon'twanttostealfoodlikeothermice.ShukebecameapilotandBeitabecameatankdriver,andthepairmetaccidentallyandbecamegoodfriends.ThentheybefriendedaboynamedPipilu.WiththehelpofPiPilu,theyco-foundedanairlinenamedShukeBeitaAirlinestohelpotheranimals.Althoughthereareonly13episodesinthisseries,thecontentisverycompactandattractive.Theanimationshowsthepreciousnessoffriendshipandhowpeopleshouldbebravewhenfacingdifficulties.Evenadultsrecallingthisanimationtodaycanstillfeeltouchedbysomescenes.SecretsoftheHeavenlyBookSecretsoftheHeavenlyBook,(Chinese:天书奇谈)

alsoreferredtoas"LegendoftheSealedBook"or"TalesabouttheHeavenlyBook",wasreleasedin1983.Thefilmwasproducedwithrigorousdubbingandfluidcombinationofmusicandvividanimations.Thestoryisbasedontheclassicliterature"PingYaoZhuan",meaning"TheSuppressionoftheDemons"byFengMenglong.Yuangong,thedeacon,openedtheshrineandexposedtheholybooktothehumanworld.Hecarvedthebook'scontentsonthestonewallofawhitecloudcaveinthemountains.Hewasthenpunishedwithguardingthebookforlifebythejadeemperorforbreakingheaven'slaw.Inordertopassthisholybooktohumanbeings,hewouldhavetogetbytheantagonistfox.ThewholeanimationischaracterizedbycharmingChinese

painting,includingpavilions,ancientarchitecture,ripplingstreamsandcrowdedmarkets,whichfullydemonstratetheuniquebeautyofChina'snaturalscenery.PleasantGoatandBigBigWolf【喜洋洋与灰太狼】PleasantGoatandBigBigWolf(Chinese:喜羊羊与灰太狼)isaChineseanimatedtelevisionseries.TheshowisaboutagroupofgoatslivingontheGreenPasture,andthestoryrevolvesaroundaclumsywolfwhowantstoeatthem.Itisapopulardomesticanimationseriesandhasbeenadaptedinto

movies.NezhaConquerstheDragonKing（Chinese:哪吒闹海）

isanoutstandinganimationissuedbytheMinistryofCulturein1979andisbasedonanepisodefromtheChinesemythologicalnovel"FengshenYanyi".Amothergavebirthtoaballoffleshshapedlikealotusbud.Thefather,LiJing,choppedopentheball,andbeautifulboy,Nezha,sprungout.Oneday,whenNezhawassevenyearsold,hewenttothenearbyseashoreforaswimandkilledthethirdsonoftheDragonKingwhowaspersecutinglocalresidents.ThestoryprimarilyrevolvesaroundtheDragonKing'sfeudwithNezhaoverhisson'sdeath.Throughbraveryandwit,Nezhafinallybrokeintotheunderwaterpalaceandsuccessfullydefeatedhim.ThefilmshowsvariouskindsofattractivesceneriesandthetraditionalcultureofChina,suchasspectacularmountains,elegantseawavesandexquisiteancientChineseclothes.Ithasreceivedavarietyofawards.HavocinHeavenThestoryofHavocinHeaven（Chinese:大闹天宫）isbasedontheearliestchaptersoftheclassicstory

JourneytotheWest.ThemaincharacterisSunWukong,akatheMonkeyKing,whorebelsagainsttheJadeEmperorofheaven.Thestylizedanimationanddrumsandpercussionaccompanimentusedinthisfilmareheavilyinfluencedby

Beijing

Operatraditions.ThenameofthemoviebecameacolloquialismintheChineselanguagetodescribesomeonemakingamess.Regardlessthatitwasananimatedfilm,itstillbecameoneofthemostinfluentialfilmsinallofAsia.CountlesscartoonadaptationsthatfollowedhavereusedthesameclassicstoryJourneytotheWest,yetmanyconsiderthis1964iterationtobethemostoriginal,fittingandmemorable,TheGoldenMonkeyDefeatsaDemon【金猴降妖】TheGoldenMonkeyDefeatsaDemon(Chinese:金猴降妖),alsoreferredas"TheMonkeyKingConquerstheDemon",isadaptedfromchaptersoftheChineseclassics"JourneytotheWest,"or"Monkey"intheWesternworld.Thefive-episodeanimationseriestellsthestoryofMonkeyKingSunWukong,whofollowedMonkXuanZang'striptotheWesttotaketheBuddhisticsutra.Theymetawhiteboneevil,andtheeviltransformedhumanappearancesthreetimestoseducethemonk.TwiceMonkeyKingrecognizeditandbroughtitdown.ThemonkwasunabletorecognizethemonsterandexpelledSunWukong.XuanZangwasthencapturedbythemonster.FortunatelyBajie,anotherapprenticeofXuanZang,escapedandpersuadedtheMonkeyKingtocomerescuethemonk.Finally,SunkillstheevilandsavesXuanZang.Theoutstandinganimationhasreceivedavarietyofawards,includingthe6thHundredFlowersFestivalAwardandtheChicagoInternationalChildren'sFilmFestivalAwardin1989.McDull【麦兜】McDullisacartoonpigcharacterthatwascreatedin

HongKong

byAliceMakandBrianTse.AlthoughMcDullmadehisfirstappearancesasasupportingcharacterintheMcMugcomics,McDullhassincebecomeacentralcharacterinhisownright,attractingahugefollowinginHongKong.ThefirstMcDullmovieMcMugStoryMyLifeasMcDulldocumentedhislifeandtherelationshipbetweenhimandhismother.TheMcMugStoryMyLifeasMcDullisalsobeingtranslatedintoFrenchandshowninFrance.Inthisversion,MakBingisthemotherofMcDull,nothisfather..论大学生写作能力写作能力是对自己所积累的信息进行选择、提取、加工、改造并将之形成为书面文字的能力。积累是写作的基础，积累越厚实，写作就越有基础，文章就能根深叶茂开奇葩。没有积累，胸无点墨，怎么也不会写出作文来的。写作能力是每个大学生必须具备的能力。从目前高校整体情况上看，大学生的写作能力较为欠缺。一、大学生应用文写作能力的定义那么，大学生的写作能力究竟是指什么呢？叶圣陶先生曾经说过，“大学毕业生不一定能写小说诗歌，但是一定要写工作和生活中实用的文章，而且非写得既通顺又扎实不可。”对于大学生的写作能力应包含什么，可能有多种理解，但从叶圣陶先生的谈话中，我认为：大学生写作能力应包括应用写作能力和文学写作能力，而前者是必须的，后者是“不一定”要具备，能具备则更好。众所周知，对于大学生来说，是要写毕业论文的，我认为写作论文的能力可以包含在应用写作能力之中。大学生写作能力的体现，也往往是在撰写毕业论文中集中体现出来的。本科毕业论文无论是对于学生个人还是对于院系和学校来说，都是十分重要的。如何提高本科毕业论文的质量和水平，就成为教育行政部门和高校都很重视的一个重要课题。如何提高大学生的写作能力的问题必须得到社会的广泛关注，并且提出对策去实施解决。二、造成大学生应用文写作困境的原因：（一）大学写作课开设结构不合理。就目前中国多数高校的学科设置来看，除了中文专业会系统开设写作的系列课程外，其他专业的学生都只开设了普及性的《大学语文》课。学生写作能力的提高是一项艰巨复杂的任务，而我们的课程设置仅把这一任务交给了大学语文教师，可大学语文教师既要在有限课时时间内普及相关经典名著知识，又要适度提高学生的鉴赏能力，且要教会学生写作规律并提高写作能力，任务之重实难完成。（二）对实用写作的普遍性不重视。“大学语文”教育已经被严重地“边缘化”。目前对中国语文的态度淡漠，而是呈现出全民学英语的大好势头。中小学如此，大学更是如此。对我们的母语中国语文，在大学反而被漠视，没有相关的课程的设置，没有系统的学习实践训练。这其实是国人的一种偏见。应用写作有它自身的规律和方法。一个人学问很大，会写小说、诗歌、戏剧等，但如果不晓得应用文写作的特点和方法，他就写不好应用文。（三）部分大学生学习态度不端正。很多非中文专业的大学生对写作的学习和训练都只是集中在《大学语文》这一门课上，大部分学生只愿意被动地接受大学语文老师所讲授的文学经典故事，而对于需要学生动手动脑去写的作文，却是尽可能应付差事，这样势必不能让大学生的写作水平有所提高。（四）教师的实践性教学不强。学生写作能力的提高是一项艰巨复杂的任务，但在教学中有不少教师过多注重理论知识，实践性教学环节却往往被忽视。理论讲了一大堆，但是实践却几乎没有，训练也少得可怜。阅读与写作都需要很强的实践操作，学习理论固然必不可少，但是阅读方法和写作技巧的掌握才是最重要的。由于以上的原因，我们的大学生的写作水平着实令人堪忧，那么如何走出这一困境，笔者提出一些建议，希望能对大学生写作水平的提高有所帮助。三、提高大学生应用写作能力的对策（一）把《应用写作》课设置为大学生的必修课。在中国的每一所大学，《应用写作》应该成为大学生的必修课。因为在这个被某些人形容为实用主义、功利主义甚嚣尘上的时代，也是个人生存竞争最激烈的时代，人们比任何时代都更需要学会写作实用性的文章，比如职场竞争中的求职信