《C++大学教程第五版》课后习题答案2

C++大学基础教程课后答案（DEITEL）版

3.11

GradeBook类定义:

#include<string>//programusesC++standardstringclass

usingstd::string;

classGradeBook

(

public:

//constructorinitializescoursenameandinstructorname

GradeBook(string,string);

voidsetCourseName(string);//functiontosetthecoursename

stringgetCourseName();//functiontoretrievethecoursename

voidsetlnstructorName(string);//functiontosetinstructorname

stringgetlnstructorNameO;//functiontoretrieveinstructorname

voiddisplayMessage();//displaywelcomemessageandinstructorname

private:

stringcourseName;//coursenameforthisGradeBook

stringinstructorName;//instructornameforthisGradeBook

};//endclassGradeBook

类成员函数：

^include<iostream>

usingstd::cout;

usingstd::endl;

#includeGradeBook,h”

//constructorinitializescourseNameandinstructorName

//withstringssuppliedasarguments

GradeBook::GradeBook(stringcourse,stringinstructor)

(

setCourseName(course);//initializescourseName

setlnstructorName(instructor);//initializesinstructorName

}//endGradeBookconstructor

//functiontosetthecoursename

voidGradeBook::setCourseName(stringname)

(

courseName=name;//storethecoursename

}//endfunctionsetCourseName

//functiontoretrievethecoursename

stringGradeBook::getCourseName()

(

returncourseName;

}//endfunctiongetCourseName

//functiontosettheinstructorname

voidGradeBook::setlnstructorName(stringname)

(

instructorName=name;//storetheinstructorname

}//endfunctionsetlnstructorName

//functiontoretrievetheinstructorname

stringGradeBook::getInstructorName()

(

returninstructorName;

}//endfunctiongetInstructorName

//displayawelcomemessageandtheinstructor，sname

voidGradeBook::displayMessage()

(

//displayawelcomemessagecontainingthecoursename

cout«”Welcometothegradebookfor\n"«getCourseName()<<〃！"

«endl;

//displaytheinstructor，sname

cout«”Thiscourseispresentedby:"«getlnstructorName()«endl;

}//endfunctiondisplayMessage

测试文件：

^include<iostream>

usingstd::cout;

usingstd::endl;

//includedefinitionofclassGradeBookfromGradeBook,h

^includeGradeBook,h”

//functionmainbeginsprogramexecution

intmainO

(

//createaGradeBookobject;passacoursenameandinstructorname

GradeBookgradeBook(

“CS1O1IntroductiontoC++Programming”,ProfessorSmith");

//displayinitialvalueofinstructorNameofGradeBookobject

cout«”gradeBookinstructornameis:“

«gradeBook.getlnstructorName()«”\n\n";

//modifytheinstructorNameusingsetfunction

gradeBook.setlnstructorName(''AssistantProfessorBates");

//displaynewvalueofinstructorName

cout«”newgradeBookinstructornameis:“

«gradeBook.getlnstructorName()«”\n\n";

//displaywelcomemessageandinstructor,sname

gradeBook.displayMessage();

return0;//indicatesuccessfultermination

}//endmain

3.12

类定义：

classAccount

(

public:

Account(int);//constructorinitializesbalance

voidcredit(int);//addanamounttotheaccountbalance

voiddebit(int);//subtractanamountfromtheaccountbalance

intgetBalance();//returntheaccountbalance

private:

intbalance;//datamemberthatstoresthebalance

};//endclassAccount

类成员函数：

#include<iostream>

usingstd::cout;

usingstd::endl;

#include"Account,h"//includedefinitionofclassAccount

//Accountconstructorinitializesdatamemberbalance

Account::Account(intinitialBalance)

(

balance=0;//assumethatthebalancebeginsat0

//ifinitialBalanceisgreaterthan0,setthisvalueasthe

//balanceoftheAccount;otherwise,balanceremains0

if(initialBalance>0)

balance=initialBalance;

//ifinitialBalanceisnegative,printerrormessage

if(initialBalance<0)

cout«”Error:Initialbalancecannotbenegative.\nz，«endl;

}//endAccountconstructor

//credit(add)anamounttotheaccountbalance

voidAccount::credit(intamount)

(

balance=balance+amount;//addamounttobalance

}//endfunctioncredit

//debit(subtract)anamountfromtheaccountbalance

voidAccount::debit(intamount)

(

if(amount>balance)//debitamountexceedsbalance

cout«”Debitamountexceededaccountbalance.\n"«endl;

if(amount<=balance)//debitamountdoesnotexceedbalance

balance=balance-amount;

}//endfunctiondebit

//returntheaccountbalance

intAccount::getBalance()

returnbalance;//givesthevalueofbalancetothecallingfunction

}//endfunctiongetBalance

测试函数：

^include<iostream>

usingstd::cout;

usingstd::cin;

usingstd::endl;

//includedefinitionofclassAccountfromAccount,h

^includeAccount,h”

//functionmainbeginsprogramexecution

intmainO

(

Accountaccount1(50);//createAccountobject

Accountaccount2(25);//createAccountobject

//displayinitialbalanceofeachobject

cout«”account1balance:$"«account1.getBalance()«endl;

cout«z，account2balance:$"«account2.getBalance()«endl;

intwithdrawalAmount;//storeswithdrawalamountreadfromuser

cout«”\nEnterwithdrawalamountforaccount1://prompt

cin»withdrawalAmount;//obtainuserinput

cout«z，\nattemptingtosubtract"«withdrawalAmount

«“fromaccount1balance\n\n”;

account1.debit(withdrawalAmount);//trytosubtractfromaccount1

//displaybalances

cout«^account1balance:$〃«accountl.getBalance()«endl;

cout«”account?balance:$〃«account2.getBalance()«endl;

cout«”\nEnterwithdrawalamountforaccount2://prompt

cin»withdrawalAmount;//obtainuserinput

cout«zz\nattemptingtosubtract"«withdrawalAmount

«“fromaccount2balance\n\n”;

account2.debit(withdrawalAmount);//trytosubtractfromaccount2

//displaybalances

cout«”accountlbalance:$“«accountl.getBalance()«endl;

cout«”account2balance:$“«account2.getBalance()«endl;

return0;//indicatesuccessfultermination

}//endmain

3.13

类定义：

^include<string>//programusesC++standardstringclass

usingstd::string;

//Invoiceclassdefinition

classInvoice

(

public:

//constructorinitializesthefourdatamembers

Invoice(string,string,int,int);

//setandgetfunctionsforthefourdatamembers

voidsetPartNumber(string);//partnumber

stringgetPartNumber();

voidsetPartDescription(string);//partdescription

stringgetPartDescriptionO;

voidsetQuantity(int);//quantity

intgetQuantity();

voidsetPricePerItem(int);//priceperitem

intgetPricePerltemO;

//calculatesinvoiceamountbymultiplyingquantityxpriceperitem

intgetlnvoiceAmount();

private:

stringpartNumber;//thenumberofthepartbeingsold

stringpartDescription;//descriptionofthepartbeingsold

intquantity;//howmanyoftheitemsarebeingsold

intpricePerltem;//priceperitem

};//endclassInvoice

类成员函数：

Winclude<iostream>

usingstd::cout;

usingstd::endl;

//includedefinitionofclassInvoicefromInvoice,h

#include"Invoice,h”

//Invoiceconstructorinitializestheclass，sfourdatamembers

Invoice::Invoice(stringnumber,stringdescription,intcount,

intprice)

(

setPartNumber(number);//storepartNumber

setPartDescription(description);//storepartDescription

setQuantity(count);//validateandstorequantity

setPricePerItem(price);//validateandstorepricePerltem

}//endInvoiceconstructor

//setpartnumber

voidInvoice::setPartNumber(stringnumber)

(

partNumber=number;//novalidationneeded

}//endfunctionsetPartNumber

//getpartnumber

stringInvoice::getPartNumber()

(

returnpartNumber;

}//endfunctiongetPartNumber

//setpartdescription

voidInvoice::setPartDescription(stringdescription)

(

partDescription=description;//novalidationneeded

}//endfunctionsetPartDescription

//getpartdescription

stringInvoice::getPartDescription()

{

returnpartDescription;

}//endfunctiongetPartDescription

//setquantity;ifnotpositive,setto0

voidInvoice::setQuantity(intcount)

(

if(count>0)//ifquantityispositive

quantity=count;//setquantitytocount

if(count<=0)//ifquantityisnotpositive

(

quantity=0;//setquantityto0

cout«”\nquantitycannotbenegative,quantitysetto0.\n”;

}//endif

}//endfunctionsetQuantity

//getquantity

intInvoice::getQuantity()

{

returnquantity;

}//endfunctiongetQuantity

//setpriceperitem;ifnotpositive,setto0

voidInvoice::setPricePerItem(intprice)

(

if(price>0)//ifpriceispositive

pricePerltem=price;//setpricePerltemtoprice

if(price<=0)//ifpriceisnotpositive

(

pricePerltem=0;//setpricePerltemto0

cout«/z\npricePerItemcannotbenegative.”

«^pricePerltemsetto0.\n”;

}//endif

}//endfunctionsetPricePerltem

//getpriceperitem

intInvoice::getPricePerItem()

(

returnpricePerltem;

}//endfunctiongetPricePerltem

//calulatesinvoiceamountbymultiplyingquantityxpriceperitem

intInvoice::getInvoiceAmount()

(

returngetQuantity()*getPricePerltem();

}//endfunctiongetlnvoiceAmount

测试函数：

#include<iostream>

usingstd::cout;

usingstd::cin;

usingstd::endl;

//includedefinitionofclassInvoicefromInvoice,h

^include"Invoice,h”

//functionmainbeginsprogramexecution

intmain()

(

//createanInvoiceobject

Invoiceinvoice(“12345","Hammer”,100,5);

//displaytheinvoicedatamembersandcalculatetheamount

cout«”Partnumber:“«invoice.getPartNumber()«endl;

cout«”Partdescription:“«invoice.getPartDescription()«endl;

cout«”Quantity:“«invoice.getQuantity()«endl;

cout«”Priceperitem:$“«invoice.getPricePerltem()«endl;

cout«”Invoiceamount:$〃«invoice.getlnvoiceAmount()«endl;

//modifytheinvoicedatamembers

invoice.setPartNumber("123456");

invoice.setPartDescription("Saw");

invoice.setQuantity(-5);//negativequantity,soquantitysetto0

invoice.setPricePerltem(10);

cout«”\nlnvoicedatamembersmodified.\n\nz，;

//displaythemodifiedinvoicedatamembersandcalculatenewamount

cout«”Partnumber:"«invoice.getPartNumber()«endl;

cout«”Partdescription:“«invoice.getPartDescription()«endl;

cout«”Quantity:"«invoice.getQuantity()«endl;

cout«”Priceperitem:$“«invoice.getPricePerltem()«endl;

cout«”Invoiceamount:$“«invoice.getlnvoiceAmount()«endl;

return0;//indicatesuccessfultermination

}//endmain

3.14

类定义：

^include<string>//programusesC++standardstringclass

usingstd::string;

//Employeeclassdefinition

classEmployee

(

public:

Employee(string,string,int);//constructorsetsdatamembers

voidsetFirstName(string);//setfirstname

stringgetFirstNameO;//returnfirstname

voidsetLastName(string);//setlastname

stringgetLastName();//returnlastname

voidsetMonthlySalary(int);//setweeklysalary

intgetMonthlySalary();//returnweeklysalary

private:

stringfirstName;//Employee1sfirstname

stringlastName;//Employee，slastname

intmonthlySalary;//Employee，ssalarypermonth

};//endclassEmployee

类成员函数：

#include<iostream>

usingstd::cout;

^include“Employee,h"//Employeeclassdefinition

//Employeeconstructorinitializesthethreedatamembers

Employee::Employee(stringfirst,stringlast,intsalary)

(

setFirstName(first);//storefirstname

setLastName(last);//storelastname

setMonthlySalary(salary);//validateandstoremonthlysalary

}//endEmployeeconstructor

//setfirstname

voidEmployee::setFirstName(stringname)

(

firstName=name;//novalidationneeded

}//endfunctionsetFirstName

//returnfirstname

stringEmployee::getFirstNameO

(

returnfirstName;

}//endfunctiongetFirstName

//setlastname

voidEmployee::setLastName(stringname)

lastName=name;//novalidationneeded

}//endfunctionsetLastName

//returnlastname

stringEmployee::getLastName()

(

returnlastName;

}//endfunctiongetLastName

//setmonthlysalary;ifnotpositive,setto0.0

voidEmployee::setMonthlySalary(intsalary)

(

if(salary>0)//ifsalaryispositive

monthlySalary=salary;//setmonthlySalarytosalary

if(salary<=0)//ifsalaryisnotpositive

monthlySalary=0;//setmonthlySalaryto0.0

}//endfunctionsetMonthlySalary

//returnmonthlysalary

intEmployee::getMonthlySalary()

(

returnmonthlySalary;

}//endfunctiongetMonthlySalary

测试函数：

#include<iostream>

usingstd::cout;

usingstd::endl;

#include“Employee,h"//includedefinitionofclassEmployee

//functionmainbeginsprogramexecution

intmain()

(

//createtwoEmployeeobjects

Employeeemployeel("Lisa","Roberts”,4500);

Employeeemployee2("Mark","Stein”,4000);

//displayeachEmployee，syearlysalary

cout«”Employees'yearlysalaries:"«endl;

//retrieveanddisplayemployeeTsmonthlysalarymultipliedby12

intmonthlySalaryl=employeel.getMonthlySalary();

cout«employeel.getFirstName()«〃〃«employeel.getLastName()

«“:$"«monthlySalaryl*12«endl;

//retrieveanddisplayemployee2,smonthlysalarymultipliedby12

intmonthlySalary2=employee2.getMonthlySalary();

cout«employee2.getFirstName()«”“«employee2.getLastName()

«“:$"«monthlySalary2*12«endl;

//giveeachEmployeea10%raise

employeel.setMonthlySalary(monthlySalaryl*1.1);

employee2.setMonthlySalary(monthlySalary2*1.1)；

//displayeachEmployee，syearlysalaryagain

cout«^\nEmployees，yearlysalariesafter10%raise:"«endl;

//retrieveanddisplayemployeeTsmonthlysalarymultipliedby12

monthlySalaryl二employeel.getMonthlySalary();

cout«employeel.getFirstName()«"“«employeel.getLastName()

«“:$"«monthlySalaryl*12«endl;

monthlySalary2=employee2.getMonthlySalary();

cout«employee2.getFirstName()«"〃«employee2.getLastName()

«“:$"«monthlySalary2*12«endl;

return0;//indicatesuccessfultermination

}//endmain

3.15

类定义：

classDate

(

public:

Date(int,int,int);//constructorinitializesdatamembers

voidsetMonth(int);//setmonth

intgetMonth();//returnmonth

voidsetDay(int);//setday

intgetDay();//returnday

voidsetYear(int);//setyear

intgetYear();//returnyear

voiddisplayDateO;//displaysdateinmm/dd/yyyyformat

private:

intmonth;//themonthofthedate

intday;//thedayofthedate

intyear;//theyearofthedate

);//endclassDate

类成员函数：

#include<iostream>

usingstd::cout;

usingstd::endl;

^include"Date・h"//includedefinitionofclassDatefromDate,h

//Dateconstructorthatinitializesthethreedatamembers;

//assumevaluesprovidedarecorrect(reallyshouldvalidate)

Date::Date(intm,intd,inty)

(

setMonth(m);

setDay(d);

setYear(y);

}//endDateconstructor

//setmonth

voidDate::setMonth(intm)

(

month=m;

if(month<1)

month=1;

if(month>12)

month=1;

}//endfunctionsetMonth

//returnmonth

intDate::getMonth()

(

returnmonth;

}//endfunctiongetMonth

//setday

voidDate::setDay(intd)

(

day=d;

}//endfunctionsetDay

//returnday

intDate::getDay()

(

returnday;

}//endfunctiongetDay

//setyear

voidDate::setYear(inty)

(

year=y;

}//endfunctionsetYear

//returnyear

intDate::getYear()

(

returnyear;

}//endfunctiongetYear

//printDateintheformatmm/dd/yyyy

voidDate::displayDate()

(

cout«month«'/'«day«'/'«year«endl;

}//endfunctiondisplayDate

测试函数：

^include<iostream>

usingstd::cout;

usingstd::endl;

^include"Date・h"//includedefinitionofclassDatefromDate,h

//functionmainbeginsprogramexecution

intmainO

Datedate(5,6,1981);//createaDateobjectforMay6,1981

//displaythevaluesofthethreeDatedatamembers

cout«”Month:"«date.getMonth()<<endl;

cout«"Day:"«date.getDay()«endl;

cout«"Year:"«date.getYear()«endl;

cout«^XnOriginaldate:"«endl;

date.displayDateO;//outputtheDateas5/6/1981

//modifytheDate

date.setMonth(13);//invalidmonth

date.setDay(1);

date.setYear(2005);

cout«”\nNewdate:"«endl;

date.displayDateO；//outputthemodifieddate(1/1/2005)

return0;//indicatesuccessfultermination

}//endmain

9.05

类定义：

ttifndefC0MPLEX_H

ttdefineC0MPLEX_H

classComplex

(

public:

Complex(double=0.0,double=0.0);//defaultconstructor

Complexadd(constComplex&);//functionadd

Complexsubtract(constComplex&);//functionsubtract

voidprintComplex();//printcomplexnumberformat

voidsetComplexNumber(double,double);//setcomplexnumber

private:

doublerealPart;

doubleimaginaryPart;

};//endclassComplex

ftendif

类成员函数：

#include<iostream>

usingstd::cout;

#include"Complex,h”

Complex::Complex(doublereal,doubleimaginary)

(

setComplexNumber(real,imaginary);

}//endComplexconstructor

ComplexComplex::add(constComplexferight)

returnComplex(

realPart+right.realPart,imaginaryPart+right.imaginaryPart);

}//endfunctionadd

ComplexComplex::subtract(constComplex&right)

(

returnComplex(

realPart-right.realPart,imaginaryPart-right.imaginaryPart);

}//endfunctionsubtract

voidComplex::printComplex()

(

cout«'('«realPart«”,"«imaginaryPart«;

}//endfunctionprintComplex

voidComplex::setComplexNumber(doublerp,doubleip)

(

realPart=rp;

imaginaryPart=ip;

}//endfunctionsetComplexNumber

测试函数：

^include<iostream>

usingstd::cout;

usingstd::endl;

#include"Complex,h”

intmain()

(

Complexa(1,7),b(9,2),c;//createthreeComplexobjects

a.printComplex();//outputobjecta

cout«"+"；

b.printComplex();//outputobjectb

cout«=;

c=a.add(b);//invokeaddfunctionandassigntoobjectc

c.printComplex();//outputobjectc

cout«'\n，;

a.setComplexNumber(10,1);//resetrealPartand

b.setComplexNumber(11,5);//andimaginaryPart

a.printComplex();//outputobjecta

cout

b.printComplex();//outputobjectb

cout

c=a.subtract(b);//invokeaddfunctionandassigntoobjectc

c.printComplex();//outputobjectc

cout«endl;

return0;

}//endmain

9.06

类定义：

ttifndefRATIONAL」！

ttdefineRATIONALE

classRational

(

public:

Rational(int=0,int=1);//defaultconstructor

Rationaladdition(constRational&);〃functionaddition

Rationalsubtraction(constRational&);//functionsubtraction

Rationalmultiplication(constRational&);//functionmulti.

Rationaldivision(constRational&);//functiondivision

voidprintRational();//printrationalformat

voidprintRationalAsDoubleO;//printrationalasdoubleformat

private:

intnumerator;//integernumerator

intdenominator;//integerdenominator

voidreduction();//utilityfunction

};//endclassRational

Wendif

类成员函数：

#include<iostream>

usingstd::cout;

^include“Rational,h"//includedefinitionofclassRational

Rational::Rational(intn,intd)

(

numerator=n;//setsnumerator

denominator=d;//setsdenominator

reduction();//storethefractioninreducedform

}//endRationalconstructor

RationalRational::addition(constRational&a)

{

Rationalt;//createsRationalobject

t.numerator=a.numerator*denominator;

t.numerator+=a.denominator*numerator;

t.denominator=a.denominator*denominator;

t.reduction();//storethefractioninreducedform

returnt;

}//endfunctionaddition

RationalRational::subtraction(constRational&s)

(

Rationalt;//createsRationalobject

t.numerator=s.denominator*numerator;

t.numerator一二denominator*s.numerator;

t.denominator=s.denominator*denominator;

t.reduction();//storethefractioninreducedform

returnt;

}//endfunctionsubtraction

RationalRational::multiplication(constRational&m)

(

Rationalt;//createsRationalobject

t.numerator=m.numerator*numerator;

t.denominator=m.denominator*denominator;

t.reduction();//storethefractioninreducedform

returnt;

}//endfunctionmultiplication

RationalRational::division(constRational&v)

(

Rationalt;//createsRationalobject

t.numerator=v.denominator*numerator;

t.denominator=denominator*v.numerator;

t.reduction();//storethefractioninreducedform

returnt;

}//endfunctiondivision

voidRational::printRational()

(

if(denominator==0)//validatesdenominator

cout«”"DIVIDEBYZEROERROR!!!"«"\n;

elseif(numerator==0)//validatesnumerator

cout«0;

else

cout«numerator«'/'«denominator;

}//endfunctionprintRational

voidRational::printRationalAsDouble()

(

cout«static_cast<double>(numerator)/denominator;

}//endfunctionprintRationalAsDouble

voidRational::reduction()

(

intlargest;

largest=numerator>denominator?numerator:denominator;

intgcd=0;//greatestcommondivisor

for(intloop=2;loop<=largest;loop++)

if(numerator%loop==0&&denominator%loop==0)

gcd=loop;

if(gcd!=0)

numerator/=gcd;

denominator/=gcd;

}//endif

}//endfunctionreduction

测试函数：

#include<iostream>

usingstd::cout;

usingstd::endl;

^include"Rational,h"//includedefinitionofclassRational

intmainO

Rationalc(2,6),d(7,8),x;//createsthreerationalobjects

c.printRational();//printsrationalobjectc

cout<<"+";

d.printRational();//printsrationalobjectd

x=c.addition(d);//addsobjectcandd;setsthevaluetox

cout«"=

x.printRational();//printsrationalobjectx

cout«'\n;

x.printRational();//printsrationalobjectx

cout«

x.printRationalAsDoubleO;//printsrationalobjectxasdouble

cout«"\n\n";

c.printRational();//printsrationalobjectc

cout<<"一"；

d.printRational();//printsrationalobjectd

x=c.subtraction(d);//subtractsobjectcandd

cout

x.printRational();//printsrationalobjectx

cout«'\n;

x.printRational();//printsrationalobjectx

cout<<"=";

x.printRationalAsDoubleO;//printsrationalobjectxasdouble

cout«"\n\n";

c.printRational();//printsrationalobjectc

cout<<"x

d.printRational();//printsrationalobjectd

x=c.multiplication(d);//multipliesobjectcandd

cout<<“二"；

x.printRational();//printsrationalobjectx

cout«'\n,;

x.printRational();//printsrationalobjectx

cout<<"=";

x.printRationalAsDoubleO;//printsrationalobjectxasdouble

cout«"\n\n";

c.printRational();//printsrationalobjectc

cout<<"/";

d.printRational();//printsrationalobjectd

x=c.division(d);//dividesobjectcandd

cout

x.printRational();//printsrationalobjectx

cout«'\n，;

x.printRational();//printsrationalobjectx

cout

x.printRationalAsDoubleO;//printsrationalobjectxasdouble

cout«endl;

return0;

}//endmain

9.07

类定义：

ttifndefTIME_H

ttdefineTIME_H

classTime

(

public:

public:

Time(int=0,int=0,int=0);//defaultconstructor

//setfunctions

voidsetTime(int,int,int);//sethour,minute,second

voidsetHour(int);//sethour(aftervalidation)

voidsetMinute(int);//setminute(aftervalidation)

voidsetSecond(int);//setsecond(aftervalidation)

//getfunctions

intgetHour();//returnhour

intgetMinuteO;//returnminute

intgetSecondO;//returnsecond

voidtick();//incrementonesecond

voidprintUniversal();//outputtimeinuniversal-timeformat

voidprintstandard();//outputtimeinstandard-timeformat

private:

inthour;//0-23(24-hourclockformat)

intminute;//0-59

intsecond;//0-59

};//endclassTime

ttendif

类成员函数：

tfinclude<iostream>

usingstd::cout;

^include<iomanip>

usingstd::setfill;

usingstd::setw;

^include”Time・h"//includedefinitionofclassTimefromTime,h

//Timeconstructorinitializeseachdatamembertozero;

//ensuresthatTimeobjectsstartinaconsistentstate

Time::Time(inthr,intmin,intsec)

(

setTime(hr,min,sec);//validateandsettime

}//endTimeconstructor

//setnewTimevalueusinguniversaltime;ensurethat

//thedataremainscons