2013年考研英语真题完整版(含答案)

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题详解SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedaily4,hecrime4,hecrimehehadonlytoalreadysentencedprobationonthatTo8thisidea,process.Intheory,fiveorsixotherdefendantsday。alreadysentencedprobationonthatTo8thisidea,process.Intheory,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsthe9ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDrSimonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas11。Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323interviews,12by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant'sscoreontheGraduateManagementAdmissionTest,orastandardisedexamwhichis16outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher。DrSimonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20.[A]grant[B]submits[C]transmits[D]delivers.[A]minor[B]objective[C]crucial[D]external.[A]issue[B]vision[C]picture[D]moment.[A]Forexample[B]Onaverage[C]Inprinciple[DAboveall.[A]fond[B]fearful[C]capable[D]thoughtless.[A]in[B]on[C]to[D]for.[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless.[A]promote[B]emphasize[C]share[D]test.[A]decision[B]quality[C]status[D]success _1_ .[A]chosen[B]stupid[C]found[D]identified.[A]exceptional[B]defensible[C]replaceable[Dotherwise.[A]inspired[B]expressed[C]conducted[D]secured.[A]assigned[B]rated[C]matched[D]arranged.[A]put[B]got[C]gave[D]took.[A]instead[B]then[C]ever[D]rather.[A]selected[B]passed[C]marked[D]introduced.[A]before[B]after[C]above[D]below.[A]jump[B]float[C]drop[D]fluctuate—_Q _L__ __ _L_一19.[A]achieve[B]undo[C]maintain[D]disregard20.[A]promisingpossible[C]necessary[D]helpful20.[A]promising答案:1-5:ADCAB6-10:BADDA11-15:DCBDB16-20:CACBC答案详解：2013年的完型填空是一篇选自《经济学人》名为AQuestionofJudgment的文章。讲述的是有关判断的问题。这类文章出现在今年的考研真题中，符合考研英语历年的出题形式。但是考生在没有掌握单词基本知识和解题技巧的情况下也会感到很困难。相较于2012年的完型来说，今年的考题适中。考查的词汇部分涉及到名词、动词、形容词和介词。其中，动词考查的频率最高，占完型部分考题的35%。第4、7、15和17题考察了逻辑连接题，占完型题目的20%。考生要在掌握上下文结构的基础上准确完成这类考题。其次，在文章考查点里有两处涉及到了后置定语的语法知识，即第5和第10题。一处是形容词加介词构成后置定语，一处是过去分词作后置定语，而这两点在跨考一阶的讲义中，各位语法老师已经跟考生们专门讲解过。后期陆陆续续的阅读和写作课里，也是反复提到的语法点。遵循以往完型填空的结构形式，今年的考题仍然秉承了总分的结构。第一段引出话题并介绍Dr.Simonsohn的观点。第二、三、四段具体介绍了Dr.Simonsohn为证明理论采取的实验以及最后的发现。而且在文章第一句话就给出了整篇文章的中心主线一Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions。总之2013年的考题在日常强调的“单词加技巧等于高分”的解题方式下，定会被迎刃而解。.［标准答案］［A］［考点分析］上下文语义和词汇辨析［选项分析］本题考查动词。根据上下文意思，首先可以排除［B］和［D］。这句话中that引导一个定语从句，主要是说这一优势赋予了一种特定的能力。［C］中transmit为传播，不符合上下文意思。.［标准答案］［D］［考点分析］上下文语义［选项分析］whichareunbiased这个定语从句做插入语修饰judgment。这句话的意思是“通过XXX因素作出公正判决的能力”，由此可以排除［A］和［B］。做这一题时，我们需要理解第一句话，给我们提供了一个大的背景和条件。第一句话说“人们不擅长利用背景信息作决定”，所以可以推出这儿并不是“通过关键信息”来做出公正的判决，而是通过其它一些信息，如外部的信息，作出判决。根据上下文意思，可以推出［D］为正确答案。.［标准答案］［C］［考点分析］上下文语义和固定搭配［选项分析］bigpicture是一个固定搭配，指（事情的）主要部分；重点，故选［A］。其它词语与big搭配，均没有这层意思。.［标准答案］［A］［考点分析］逻辑衔接题［选项分析］根据上下文的逻辑关系判断，在提出一个观点之后，接下来就是进行例证。选项中只有［A］表示“例如”，符合这一逻辑关系，故选［A］。［B］表示“平均”的意思；［C］为“大体上，原则上"；［D］为“首先”，均不符合。.［标准答案］［B］［考点分析］上下文语义和词汇辨析［选项分析］这四个选项均可以与介词of搭配，［A］表示“喜欢”，［B］表示“害怕，恐怕”，［C］表示“能够，具有…能力”，［D］表示“轻率的，考虑不周的”。of后面的短语作judge的定语，这句话意思是“XXX地显得对犯罪太过软弱的法官可能更倾向于给被告作出判刑的判决”。根据上下文的意思，可以排除［A］和［D］。而“显得对犯罪太过软弱”显然不是某种能力，故可以排除［C］选项。根据上下文意思，害怕显得过于软弱的法官，才会更倾向于作出较严厉的判决。故选［B］。.［标准答案］［B］［考点分析］介词搭配［选项分析］softonsb/sth是一个固定搭配词组，表示“对某人/某事态度偏软，不够严厉”的意思，故选［B］。.标准答案A考点分析逻辑衔接题选项分析前半句含义是“一个担心自己会犯罪行为上表现的过分软弱的法官可能会判人入狱”，后半句含义是“当天他已经判五到六个人缓刑”两句间的逻辑关系明显为假设。Aif表示假设“如果”。Buntil“直到。。。才。。。”。Cthough“然而”，表转折。Dunless“除非”，表让步。前半句是结果主句，后半句是一个假设条件，所以选C.标准答案D。考点分析上下文语义及动词辨析选项分析本句话是说要进行试验来验证观点。空格后的名词idea作宾语，对决定动词十分关键。动词意思应为“测试”。Apromote“促进”。Bemphasize“强调”。Cshare“分享”。Dtest“测试”。只有D选项和“观点”搭配，符合语境。.标准答案D。考点分析上下文语义及名词辨析选项分析本句话含义是讲其中一个申请者与其他申请在面试中的关系。申请者希望成功。Adecisioin“选择”。Bquality“质量”。Cstatus“身份”。Dsuccess“成功”。只有D项搭配，符合语境。.标准答案A。考点分析后置定语选项分析本句意为测试中随机选出的其他申请者。Achosen“选出”。Bstupid“笨的”。Cfound“发现”。Didentified“识别”。只有A选项和申请者搭配意为选出来的申请者，符合语境。.标准答案D。考点分析逻辑衔接题选项分析后半句开头的but已经暗示了下文的连接词。内容上前半句意为一个申请者的面试成功和其他申请者没有关系，后半句意为西蒙森怀疑事实。明显是转折关系。Aexceptional“例外的”。Bdefensible“可防御的”。Creplaceable“可替换的”。Dotherwise“相反的”。只有D项可以表转折关系，所以选Do.标准答案Co考点分析后置定语选项分析本句前半句是说西蒙森研究了面试者的结果，后半句含义是招生办官员。所以这里应该是招生办官员举行面试，后半句做后置定语。Ainspire“鼓舞”。Bexpressed“表达”。Cconducted“举行”。Dsecured“保护”。所以结合上下文可以得出只有C项符合语境。.标准答案B考点分析上下文语义及动词词义辨析选项分析文中句子含义为，“面试官有13个申请者一到五级打分”A.assign分配；指派；将财产过户（尤指过户给债权人）B.rate认为；估价，C.match使比赛D.arrange安排，根据上下文含义，应选B。.［标准答案］［D］［考点分析］固定搭配。题干Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.空格处需要动词一个。因为后面有intoconsideration.所以选took.Takeintoconsideration是把什么考虑在内的意思。本题考查逻辑关系，通过上下文应该选择一个表顺承先后顺序的词，只有B项then合适。.［标准答案］［C］［考点分析］上下文语义和逻辑关系［选项分析］这句话which引导一个定语从句，修饰exam,考试都有一个总分，这句话的意思是说“以800分计算的标准测试”，可以排除［A］、［8］和［D］选项。mark表示“得分”，符合原文意思，故选［C］。.［标准答案］［A］［考点分析］上下文语义和逻辑关系［选项分析］根据词语的意思和搭配，可以排除［C］和［D］选项。这题的选择必须与后面一题联系起来进行选择，这句话说“前面候选者的分数比XXX的候选者高0.75分”，则“下一个候选者则XXX”，由此可知，“前面的候选者”肯定不能是比他后面的人分数高，排除［B］。［A］选项符合上下文逻辑关系，故选［A］。18.B.根据上下文意思，是一种up和down的趋势，17空前面是up趋势，所以18谓语动词应该选“下降”的趋势的动词，A,B,C,D之中明显的表下降的是B项，drop相对于前面的high。19.B。根据上下文应该选一个“消除”影响的含义的动词，答案当中B项和A,C相反，B是“消除”即“不会产生”，符合上下文。20.C。本题需要找个形容词修饰points,A项promising“有前途的，有希望的”；意思不合适，很明显BCD当中C项necessary符合上下文。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn'taffecther.Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant'ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment。Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswithfeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline'sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadesorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quckierturnroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentreleases,andmoreprofit.Thoselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposal meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon'tadvertisethat andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakingallindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace。Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera5.95knitminiskirtinallits2300-plusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wage,overseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountofharmfulchemicals。Overdressedisthefashionworld'sanswertoconsumeractivistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan'sTheOmnivore'sDilemma.Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durable,andwasteful,”Clineargues,Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear about64itemsperperson andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste。TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSKB,who,since2008hasmakeallofherownclothes andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexample,can'tbeknockedoff。Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionLine Clinebelieveslasting-changecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan'taffordtoit。Priestlycriticizesherassistantforherpoorbargainingskill。insensitivitytofashion。obsessionwithhighfashion。D]lackofimagination。AccordingtoCline,mass-maketlabelsurgeconsumerstocombatunnecessarywaste。shutoutthefeverishfashionworld。resisttheinfluenceofadvertisementsshopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequentlyTheword“indictment”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningtoA]accusation。enthusiasm。indifference。tolerance。Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists。industryignoressustainability。industryignoressustainability。Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments。Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing。Whatisthesubjectofthetext?Satireonanextravagantlifestyle。Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth。Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry。D]Exposureofamass-marketsecret。答案：BDCCDText2Anoldsawhasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted—thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioural”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy。Inthepastcoupleofweeksthreedealsandaquarrelhaveillustratedthevaluetoadvertisers(andtheirsuppliersofsoftware)ofsuchfine-grainedinformation.Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouralads?Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?InDecember2010America'sFederalTradeCommissionproposedaddinga“donottrack”(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladvertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple'sSafaribothofferDNT;Google'sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandtheDigitalAdvertisingAlliance(DAA)agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespondingtoDNTrequests。OnMay31stMicrosoftsetofftherow.ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwithWindows8,anewincarnationofthesoftwarefirm'soperatingsystem,wouldhaveDNTasadefault。Advertisersarehorrified.Humannaturebeingwhatitis,mostpeoplestickwithdefaultsettings.FewswitchDNTonnow,butiftrackingisoffitwillstayoff.BobLiodice,thechiefexecutiveoftheAssociationofNationalAdvertisers,oneofthegroupsintheDAA,saysconsumerswillbeworseoffiftheindustrycannotcollectinformationabouttheirpreferences.Peoplewillnotgetfewerads,hesays.“They'llgetlessmeaningful,lesstargetedads。”Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanies(includingTwitter)havepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft'sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway。AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Afterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtorileGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyonadvertising,ithaschosenanindirectmethod:thereisnoguaranteethatDNTbydefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforWindows8—thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavourablywithGoogle'sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,Microsoft'schiefprivacyofficer,blogged: “Webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol。”Coulditreallybethatsimple?Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioural”adshelpadvertisersto:easecompetitionamongthemselveslowertheiroperationalcostsC]avoidcomplaintsfromconsumersD]providebetteronlineservices“Theindustry”(Line6,Para.3)refersto:A]onlineadvertisersBe-commerceconductorsdigitalinformationanalysisdigitalinformationanalysisD]internetbrowserdevelopersBobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefaultmanycutthenumberofjunkadsfailstoaffecttheadindustrywillnotbenefitconsumersD]goesagainsthumannaturewhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph.6?DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurposeAdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNTDNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumersD]AdvertisersareobligedtoofferbehaviouraladsTheauthor'sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof:indulgenceunderstandingappreciationskepticism答案：BDCAD详解：.标准答案：B考点分析：此题考查考生对文章细节信息的把握能力。此类题目的解题关键在于根据题干信息定位，本题的“Paragraph1”，“behavioural”即为定位信息。选项分析：根据文章第一段第二句“thisfractioncanbemuchreduced”在互联网时代，至少在理论上，被浪费的那一部分资金中，有很多都可以节省下来。对应文章“halfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted”。故B项“降低运营成本”是文章的同义改写。ABD项文章均为提到。.标准答案：D考点分析：此题考查考生对文章细节信息的把握能力。根据题干中已经给出了具体信息点"Theindustry”应回第三段定位。选项分析：根据题干信息“theindustry”可推测the为前文指代，所以应当定位到该句之前，文章内容为：“摩斯拉(Mozilla)的火狐(Firefox)、微软(Microsoft)的IE(InternetExplorer)及苹果的浏览器Safari都有“不允许跟踪”选项；今年，谷歌也将在Chrome中加入这一功能”，由此可推断出选项D“网络浏览器开发商”为正确选项。.标准答案：C考点分析：此题考查考生对文章细节信息的把握能力。结合题干中所给出的人名“BobLiodice”以及专有名词DNT和“default”可回文章定位到第五段。选项分析：文章中BobLiodice称，“如果广告商不能收集有关用户偏好的信息，那么这对于消费者来说将更为不利。”原文中“consumerswillbeworseoff”对应C选项“willnotbenefitconsumers”，“将对消费者不利”，因此C应为正确答案。A项与原文相反，“垃圾广告”不是减少而是增加。B项“对广告业没有影响”以及D项“违背人性”均与文章不符。.标准答案：A考点分析：此题考查考生对文章的细节信息的把握能力，关键在于定位和辨别细节信息。选项分析：根据题干信息提示，我们不难定位到文章第六段最后一句的后半部分“…somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway。”一些公司可能忽略“不允许跟踪”信号，继续记录用户的在线行为。所以推知”不允许跟踪”可能不会起到预期的作用。选项B广告商很乐意实行“不允许跟踪”与本段第一句话“Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.广告商们会对此作何反应仍不清楚”不符。选项C”不允许跟踪”已经不再收到消费者的欢迎与本段第一句和最后一句内容“一•somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway。”不符;选项C广告商被迫提供"行为”广告与文中“GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking…”不相符。.标准答案：D考点分析：此题考查考生对作者观点态度的把握。根据自然段定位法可定位到文章的最后一段。选项分析：根据关键信息BrendonLynch我们主要定位到文章最后一段的倒数第二句以及最后一句。BrendonLynch"在博客中写道：’我们认为用户应该有更大的话语权。’”紧接着最后一句"Coulditreallybethatsimple?真的是这么简单吗？”体现了作者的态度。A项意为“纵容”；B项为““理解”之义；选项C为“感激”之义；D项为“怀疑”。因此只有D项符合作者本意，故为正确答案。Text3Upuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsofthefuturewerelargely-thoughbynomeansuniformly-glowinglypositive.Scienceandtechnologywouldcurealltheillsofhumanity,leadingtolivesoffulfillmentandopportunityforall。Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketoepidemicfluandtoclimatechange.Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto。Butsuchgloominessismisplaced.Thefossilrecordshowsthatmanyspecieshaveenduredformillionsofyears-sowhyshouldn'twe?Takeabroaderlookatourspecies'placeintheuniverse,anditbecomesclearthatwehaveanexcellentchanceofsurvivingfortens,ifnothundreds,ofthousandsofyears.LookupHomosapiensinthe"RedList"ofthreatenedspeciesoftheInternationalUnionfortheConversationofNature(IUCN),andyouwillread:"ListedasLeastConcernasthespeciesisverywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline."Sowhatdoesourdeepfuturehold?Agrowingnumberofresearchersandorganisationsarenowthinkingseriouslyaboutthatquestion.Forexample,theLongNowFoundationhasitsflagshipprojectamedicalclockthatisdesignedtostillbemarkingtimethousandsofyearshence。Perhapswillfully,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture.Thepotentialevolutionoftoday'stechnology,anditssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,andit'sperhapsbestlefttosciencefictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.That'sonereasonwhywehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture。Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprisingamountthatwecansaywithconsiderableassurance.Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:wehavenowidentifiedenoughofthelong-termpatternsshapingthehistoryoftheplanet,andourspecies,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourdescendantswillfindthemselvesoThislongperspectivemakesthepessimisticviewofourprospectsseemmorelikelytobeapassingfad.Tobesure,thefutureisnotallrosy.Butwearenowknowledgeableenoughtoreducemanyoftherisksthatthreatenedtheexistenceofearlierhumans,andtoimprovethelotofthosetocome。OurvisionofthefutureusedtobeinspiredbyourdesireforlivesoffulfillmentourfaithinscienceandtechnologyourourawarenessofpotentialrisksourbeliefinequalopportunityTheIUCN’s“RedList”suggestthathumanbeingareasustainedspeciesathreatentotheenvironmenttheworld'sdominantpoweramisplacedraceWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph5?A]Archelpslimitthescopeoffuturologicalstudies。Technologyofferssolutionstosocialproblem。Theinterestinsciencefictionisontherise。OurImmediatefutureishardtoconceive。Toensurethefutureofmankind,itiscrucialtoexploreourplanet'sabundantresourcesadoptanoptimisticviewoftheworlddrawonourexperiencefromthepastcurbourambitiontoreshapehistoryWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?UncertaintyaboutOurFutureEvolutionoftheHumanSpeciesTheEver-brightProspectsofMankindScience,TechnologyandHumanity答案：31-35:BBDCA答案详解:B【解析】细节题。根据题干信息，ourvisionofthefutureusedto定位为文章第一段。B选项为答案，我们的对未来的想象曾经被我们对于科技的信心所鼓舞。A选项错误原因为因果倒置，livesoffulfillment是由scienceandtechnololgy导致，与文章题干要求ourvisionoffuture无关。C选项为无中生有，也未提到awarenessofpotentialrisks的概念。D选项equalopportunity为opportunityforall所有人都有相等的机会的曲解。B【解析】推理题。文章问题是“RedList”表明人类怎么是什么。根据关键词定位到文章的第三段。LookupHomosapiensinthe"RedList"ofthreatenedspeciesoftheInternationalUnionfortheConversationofNature(IUCN),andyouwillread…。根据threatenedspecies知道是被威胁的物种，同时后面的theConversationofNature知道是对自然的。那这个“threatened”被人类威胁就很明显。D【解析】判断题。A选项定位在it'sperhapsbestlefttosciencefictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.That'sonereasonwhywehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture。这里根本就没有讲限制。这2句话是说要让科幻小说的作者和未来学家去探索我们能现象的可能性。。这里发表的Arc根本就没有讲限制。A排除B讲科技，但是文章说完Thepotentialevolutionoftoday'stechnology,anditssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,讲科技和它的社会意义。后面一句andit'sperhapsbest…能看得到转折。文章也没有提到solution，也没有提到社会问题(socialproblem)oC选项是说对科幻小说的兴趣在上升(。口therise)但是整段都没有说到这个趋势。D选项定位文章第一句话Perhapswillfully,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture。从这句话能推测出immediatefuture是比漫长的时标更难的事情，也是更不易察觉的。C【解析】细节题。定位的是futureofthemankind，文章第6段，同时有个很重要的标点符号冒号，说明thepastholdsthekeytothefuture：一直在点号之前都是这句话的具体解释。也就是说这句强调thepast的关键性，所以选择C。A项B项和D项都跟内容无关。A【解析】主旨题文章最好的题目是A选项，对未来的不确定性。文章第一段讲过去人们对于未来的想象，第二，三段为对现在的看法。第四段至最后一段为对未来的不确定性。B选项为人类的演化，C选项为人类美好的前景，D选项科学，技术与人类不是文章的主旨。顾答案为A。Text4Onafivetothreevote,theSupremeCourtknockedoutmuchofArizona'simmigrationlawMonday-amodestpolicyvictoryfortheObamaAdministration.ButonthemoreimportantmatteroftheConstitution,thedecisionwasan8-0defeatfortheAdministration'sefforttoupsetthebalanceofpowerbetweenthefederalgovernmentandthestates。InArizonav.UnitedStates,themajorityoverturnedthreeofthefourcontestedprovisionsofArizona'scontroversialplantohavestateandlocalpoliceenforcefederalimmigrationlaw.TheConstitutionalprinciplesthatWashingtonalonehasthepowerto"establishauniformRuleofNaturalization"andthatfederallawsprecedestatelawsarenoncontroversial.Arizonahadattemptedtofashionstatepoliciesthatranparalleltotheexistingfederalones。JusticeAnthonyKennedy,joinedbyChiefJusticeJohnRobertsandtheCourt'sliberals,ruledthatthestateflewtooclosetothefederalsun.Ontheoverturnedprovisionsthemajorityheldthecongresshaddeliberately“occupiedthefieldnandArizonahadthusintrudedonthefederal’sprivilegedpowers。

However,theJusticessaidthatArizonapolicewouldbepeoplewhocomeinbecauseCongresshasimmigrationstateofficerstoshareallowedtoverifythelegalstatusofcontactwithlawenforcement.That'salwaysenvisionedjointfederal-stateenforcementandexplicitlyencouragesinformationandcooperatewithfederalcolleaguespeoplewhocomeinbecauseCongresshasimmigrationstateofficerstoshareTwoofthethreeobjectingJustice-SamuelAlitoandClarenceThomas-agreedwiththisConstitutionallogicbutdisagreedaboutwhichArizonarulesconflictedwiththefederalstatute.TheonlymajorobjectioncamefromJusticeAntoninScalia,whoofferedanevenmorerobustdefenseofstateprivilegesgoingbacktothealienandSeditionActs。The8-0objectiontoPresidentObamaturnsonwhatJusticeSamuelAlitodescribesinhisobjectionas"ashockingassertionoffederalexecutivepower".TheWhiteHousearguedthatArizona'slawsconflictedwithitsenforcementpriorities,evenifstatelawscompliedwithfederalstatutestotheletter.Ineffect,theWhiteHouseclaimedthatitcouldlawthatitdisagreesinvalidateanyotherwiselegitimatestatewithousingtheirownresourcestocheckimmigrationstatus,itcould.Itneverdidso.Theadministrationwasinessenceassertingthatbecauseitdidn'twanttocarryoutCongress'simmigrationwishes,nostateshouldbeallowedtodosoeither.EveryJusticerightlyrejectedthisremarkableclaim。lawthatitdisagreesSomepowersgovernment,andamongthem.ButdobelongexclusivelycontrolofcitizenshipifCongresswantedtotothefederalSomepowersgovernment,andamongthem.ButdobelongexclusivelycontrolofcitizenshipifCongresswantedtotothefederalandthebordersispreventstatesfromThreeprovisionsofArizona'splanwereoverturnedbecausetheydeprivedthefederalpoliceofConstitutionalpowers。disturbedthepowerbalancebetweendifferentstates。oversteppedtheauthorityoffederalimmigrationlaw。D]contradictedboththefederalandstatepolicies。OnwhichofthefollowingdidtheJusticesagree,accordingtoParagraph4?dutytowithholdimmigrantsA]Federalofficersinformation。dutytowithholdimmigrantsStates'independencefromfederalimmigrationlaw。States'legitimateroleinimmigrationenforcement。Congress'sinterventioninimmigrationenforcement。ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thattheAlienandSeditionActsviolatedtheConstitution。underminedthestates'interests。supportedthefederalstatute。stoodinfavorofthestates。TheWhiteHouseclaimsthatitspowerofenforcementoutweighsthatheldbythestates。isdependentonthestates'support。isestablishedbyfederalstatutes。rarelygoesagainststatelaws。Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?ImmigrationissuesareusuallydecidedbyCongress。JusticesintendedtocheckthepoweroftheAdministration。JusticeswantedtostrengthenitscoordinationwithCongress。TheAdministrationisdominantoverimmigrationissues。答案：36-CCDAD答案详解：标准答案：C考点分析：此题考查考生对文章细节信息的把握能力选项分析：根据题干中的关键词threeprovisionsofArizona定位到文中第二段。第一句提到Arizona计划的三个部分被推翻是让州和地方警察实施联邦移民法律。这句话没有相对应选项，所以看到后面一句，意思是宪法的规则是毋庸置疑的，它认为华盛顿本身就有建立一个统一的自然化的规则的权力，而且认为联邦法律优先于州法律。所以被推翻就是因为它超越了联邦移民法的权威。此题也可在第三段第二句话，因为它提到ontheoverturnedprovision,意思是大部分人认为议会故意占据了领地，Arizona因此侵犯了联邦的享有特权的权力。所以，答案是B标准答案：C考点分析：此题考查考生对文章细节信息的把握能力选项分析：根据题干的关键词theJustice和Paragraph4,就可以准确定位在第四段。因为是判断正误题，我们就可以采用排除的方法。通过观察选项，发现B.C都是围绕State,我们就可以先找关于它的内容。第四段第二句话提到，议会通常想象联邦和州一起实施移民法律，而且明确鼓励州和联邦的官员共享信息以及合作。所以C选项，即州在移民实施方面的合法的作用，是正确答案。标准答案：D考点分析：此题考查考生对文章细节信息的推理引申能力选项分析：根据题干中的关键词Paragraph5和theAlienandSedition,就可以精确定位在第五段第二句话的最后，也就是回归到theAlienandSedition法案的州特权，所以和法案有关联的就是选项D,而且我们也不难发现，B和D是一对矛盾选项，通过阅读文章，排除Do标准答案：A考点分析：此题考查考生对文章细节信息的把握能力选项分析：根据题干中的关键词theWhiteHouse,定位在第六段。最后一句提到白宫声称它能够使任何它不同意的州法律不合法，也就是选项Ao标准答案：D考点分析：此题考查考生对文章主旨的把握能力选项分析：根据前三段得出文章的主旨和移民法律有关，只有A和D提到，答案在其中之一。而A是说通常被议会决定，和本段第三段句话内容冲突。所以答案是DoPartB:(10points)Directions:Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Thesocialsciencesareflourishing.Asof2005,therewerealmosthalfamillionprofessionalsocialscientistsfromallcontributingenoughclimatechange,health。fieldsintheworld,workingbothinsideandoutsideacademia.AccordingtotheWorldSocialScienceReport2010,thenumberofsocial-sciencestudentsworldwidehasswollenbyabout11%contributingenoughclimatechange,health。Yetthisenormousresourceinnottotoday'sglobalchallengesincludingsecurity,sustainabledevelopmentand(41)Humanityhasthenecessaryagro-technological(41)toolstoeradicatehunger,fromgeneticallyengineeredcropstheproblemsaresocial:offood,wealthandtoarificialfertilizers.Here,too,theorganizationanddistributionprosperity。theproblemsaresocial:offood,wealthand(42)Thisisashame—the(42)Thisisashame—thegraspingtheopportunitytoraisecommunityshouldbeitsinfluenceintherealworld.ToparaphraseSchumpeter:thereisdestruction。Today,thesocialdisciplinaryproblemsworld.ToparaphraseSchumpeter:thereisdestruction。Today,thesocialdisciplinaryproblemsnoradicalinnovationwithoutcreativesciencesarelargelyfocusedonandinternalscholarlydebates,ratherthanontopicswithexternalimpact。Analysesrevealthatthenumberofpapersincludingthekeywords“environmentalchanged”or“climatechange”haveincreasedrapidlysince2004,(43) Whensocialscientistsdotacklepracticalissues,theirscopeisoftenlocal:BelgiumisinterestedmainlyintheeffectsofpovertyonBelgiumforexample.Andwhetherthecommunity'sworkc