孔子英文介绍

AGreateducator&

ThinkerConfucius&ConfucianismWinstonSunConfucius

(bornKongQiu,styledZhongNi)wasborninthevillageofZouinthecountryofLuin551B.C.,apoordescendantofadeposednoblefamily.Asachild,heheldmake-believetemplerituals;asayoungadult,hequicklyearnedareputationforfairness,politenessandloveoflearning,andhewasreputedtobequitetall.Hetraveledextensivelyandstudiedattheimperialcapital,Zhou,whereheissaidtohavemetandspokewithLaoZi,thefounderofDaoism.孔子(名秋字仲尼),鲁国人，出生于551BC35岁，逃往齐国50岁，大政司司长

56岁，离开齐国

67岁，回到鲁国72岁，逝世

EducatorThinkerStatesmanPhilosopherFounderoftheConfucianschoolandConfucianism

SymbolofChineseculture2023/4/225educationEducationHeestablishedfirstprivateschoolinChinaandacceptedthestudentsfromeverywhere.Subjects:Manners,Music,Literature,Riding,ArcheryandMathematics(礼，乐，射，御，书，数）Hehave3000students.Amongthem,72becamefamousscholars.WinstonSunHisPhilosophyofEducationEducationtarget:thefirstpersontoopenaprivateschooltocommonpeopleCoursecontent:morality,properspeech,government,therefinedartsPedagogical[pedə'gɔdʒikəl]

methods:Heposesquestions,orusesaptanalogies,andwaitsforhisstudentstoarriveattherightanswers.Educationgoal:tocreatesuperiormenHisPhilosophyofEducation有教无类。Inteachingpeople,thereisnodiscrimination(ofclass,type,etc.)学而不厌，诲人不倦。Learningwithoutsatiety,instructingotherswithoutbeingwearied.三人行,必有我师焉：择其善者而从之,其不善者而改之。Whenthreemenarewalkingtogether,thereisonewhocanbemyteacher.Ipickoutpeople’sgoodandfollowit.WhenIseetheirbadpoints,Icorrecttheminmyself.HisPhilosophyofEducation温故而知新,可以为师矣。Reviewingwhatyouhavelearnedandlearninganew,youarefittobeateacher.学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。Learningwithoutthinkingleadstoconfusion;thinkingwithoutlearningendsindanger.知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。Topreferitisbetterthanonlytoknowit.Todelightinitisbetterthanmerelytopreferit.HisPhilosophyofEducation子贡问曰：“孔文子何以谓之‘文’也？”子曰：“敏而好学，不耻下问，是以谓之‘文’也。”ZiGongasked:“WhywasKongWenZicalled‘Wen’?”Confuciusreplied:“Hewasquickanddevotedtolearning,andnotashamedtoaskedthosebelowhim.Thatiswhyheiscalled‘Wen’”.知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也。Whatyouknow,youknow,whatyoudon‘tknow,youdon’tknow.Thisisknowledge.HisPhilosophyofEducation不愤不启,不悱不发。举一隅不以三隅反,则不复也。Ifastudentisnoteager,Iwon’tteachhim;ifheisnotstrugglingwiththetruth,Iwon'trevealittohim.IfIliftuponecornerandhecan’tcomebackwiththeotherthree,Iwon’tdoitagain.诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。AnaptquotationfromBookofPoetrycanstimulatetheimagination,endowonewithbreeding,enableonetoliveinacommunity,andgiveexpressiontogrievances.孔子的弟子介绍孔子\孔子杰出弟子英文.pptConfucius&ConfucianismAlsonamedasMasterKongHumanity（仁）Righteousness(义)Ritual（礼）Knowledge（智）integrity（信）Loyalty（忠）Filialpiety（孝）Top10keythinkersintheworld（1984）

aboutConfuciusGOLDENRULEWinstonSunMainarticle:Ren（

Humanity

）(aconceptcentraltoConfucianism)仁

Loveofpeople︰One’sparentsThepeopleEverythingintheworld(universallove)仁义礼智信不学礼无以立Don'tlearnritualindescribablemade身修而后家齐Thepersonsbeingcultivated,thefamilieswereregulated.家齐而后国治Thefamiliesbeingregulated,theStateswererightlygoverned.国治而后天下平TheStatesbeingrightlygoverned,theentireworldwasatpeace.

Li(礼)Lihastwomeanings:Propriety:asetofmannersorknowledgeofhowtobehaveinagivensituation.Ritual:whenlifeisdetailedtoConfuciuslengthsitbecomescompletelyordered.Li(礼)不学礼，无以立。Ifyoudon’tlearnliyouwillhavenostructure.道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。Ifyougovernthepeoplelegalisticallyandcontrolthembypunishment,theywillavoidcrime,buthavenopersonalsenseofshame.Ifyougovernthembymeansofvirtueandcontrolthemwithpropriety,theywillgaintheirownsenseofshame,andthuscorrectthemselves.Confucianism:Canon经典FourBooks四书Analects

《论语》Mencius

《孟子》TheGreatLearning

《大学》TheMean

《中庸》己所不欲，勿施于人。Whatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself,donotdotoothers.四海之内皆兄弟也；AllMenAreBrothers.有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎；Isitnotdelightfultohavefriendscomingfromdistantquarters?德不孤，必有邻；Virtueisnotlefttostandalone.Hewhopracticesitwillhaveneighbors.礼之用，和为贵。Themostvaluableuseoftheritesistoachieveharmony.Confucius’ssayings：2.Keepwhatyousayandcarryoutwhatyoudo.3.WhenIwalkalongwithtwoothers,theymayservemeasmyteachers.Iwillselecttheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem,theirbadqualitiesandavoidthem。

三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。

1.Bynature,menarenearlyalike;bypractice,theygettobewideapart

性相近也，习相远也。2.Keepwhatyousayandcarryoutwhatyoudo.3.WhenIwalkalongwithtwoothers,theymayservemeasmyteachers.Iwillselecttheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem,theirbadqualitiesandavoidthem。

三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。

言必信，行必果。

ConfucianquotesConfucianquotes1.Bynature,menarenearlyalike;bypractice,theygettobewideapart。性相近也，习相远也。2.Keepwhatyousayandcarryoutwhatyoudo.言必信，行必果。

3.WhenIwalkalongwithtwoothers,theymayservemeasmyteachers.Iwillselecttheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem,theirbadqualitiesandavoidthem。三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。4.Learningwithoutthoughtislaborlost;thoughtwithoutlearningisperilous.学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。5.Ifamantakenothoughtaboutwhatisdistant,hewillfindsorrownearathand.

人无远虑，必有近忧。

6.Thosewhosecoursesaredifferentcannotlayplansforoneanother.道不同，不相为谋。

TheMastersaid,Tolearn

and

thendo,isnotthatapleasure?Whenfriendscomefromafardowenotrejoice?Toliveunknownandnotfret,isnotthattobeagentleman?子曰：学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？三人行必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。Whentravelingincompanyoftwootherpeople,Icouldfindmyteachers;Iwouldlearnfromtheirgoodpointsandguardagainsttheirbadones.Confuciussaid，“Hecanbeateacherwhofindswhatisnewinreviewingwhatisold.”子曰：“温故而知新，可以为师矣。”Confuciussaid，“Hecanbeateacherwhofindswhatisnewinreviewingwhatisold.”子曰：“温故而知新，可以为师矣。”Intelligentandfondoflearning,hewasnotashamedtoaskandlearnfromhisinferiors.敏而好学，不耻下问。Philosophy

-“Whatonedoesnotwishforoneself,oneoughtnottodotoanyoneelse;whatonerecognizesasdesirableforoneself,oneoughttobewillingtogranttoothers."(ConfuciusandConfucianism,RichardWilhelm)ConfuciusIsaGreatThinker.WinstonSun孔子与老子思想比较异同孔子和老子是古代中国伟大的思想家和教育家，他们的教育思想集中体现在其代表作《论语》和《老子》中。孔子的思想核心是：重视“仁”、强调“礼”，主张“中庸之道”；老子的思想核心是“道”，主张“道法自然”，提倡自然之道，尊重自然，回到自然的状态，老子的思想中处处渗透着“自然主义”。孔子和老子在实现普遍和谐的路径上虽然都提出了独特的见解，并且殊途同归，但毕竟在思维方式和理论的诠释上存在一定的分歧。二战争观念老子和孔子都是生活在春秋时期。那时诸侯争霸，战争十分频繁。孔子和老子在战争观上有相同的观点：反对暴力、拥护正义战争、主张“慎战”。但在方法论上却有明显的区别。战争观念孔子孔子十分强调军事教育的必要性和重要性孔子认为勇主要是来自于对“义”的追求。孔子所谓“义”，一是指仁义，另一方面是指礼义，只有懂得“义”，战士们不仅勇敢，而且还会“死而无怨”。老子老子认为各种事物都有对立面。如“祸兮，福之所倚；福兮，祸之所伏”等等。提出“柔弱胜刚强”的反命题。“善胜敌者，不与”，善于胜敌的人，不与敌人短兵相接要求从战略上取胜。

(二)孔子：最具特色的是因材施教和循循善诱；老子：最具特色的教学方法是“不言之教”。教育方法OneofthemostfamouspeopleinancientChina——ThisChinesemanwasawell-knownleaderinphilosophyandhealsomademanywisephrasesandtheoriesaboutthelaw,life,ConfuciusisfamousforhisphilosophybecausehemademanywisesayingsinancientChinathathelpedmanypeoplelearnaboutnature,theworld,andthehumanbehavior.Confucius三孔1.ConfuciusTemple(孔庙）2.ConfuciusMansion（孔府）3.ConfuciusForest（孔林）ShandongQufuConfuciantempl