2019年英语新外研必修三讲义Module3SectionⅠIntroductionReading-Pre-reading

Manypeoplelikethefeelingofthegentlewindinspring.Manypeopleliketoseethefallingleavesdancinginthewindinautumn.Butsometimes,whenthewindbecomesastorm,itcanbeverydestructive（毁灭性的）.Everyyear,majorstormscausemanyproblemsaroundtheworld.Thereisnothingpeoplecandotostopthesepowerfulforcesofnature.Butnewtechniquesarehelpingscientiststopredict（预狈!I）how,when,andwherebigstormswillhappen.Themoreexactscientists*warningsare,thebetterpeoplecanprepareforthestorms.Predictionsareimproving."We'vegottenbetterovertheyears,especiallythelastfewyears,“saysPhilKlotzbach,ascientistatanAmericanuniversity.Howisastormformed?Evenifscientistsknowwhereastormwillhappen,windscansuddenlychange,carryingthestormtoanewdirection."Forahurricanetohappen,conditionshavetobejustright,"Klotzbachsays.First,theoceanwaterneedstobewarmenoughsothatitevaporates（蒸发）andrisesintotheainAsitrises,thevaporcoolsandturnsbackintoliquid.Thisprocessgivesoffheat.Thisproducesenergylikeanenginethatcauseswindstoincrease.Itdrivestheformationofahurricane.Ifwindspeedreaches40milesperhour,thesystemiscalled“tropicalstorm"，anditgetsaname.At75milesperhour,itbecomesahurricane.ThehurricaneseasonlastsfromJunetoNovember.NinetypercentofallhurricaneshitinAugust,September,andOctober.SectionIIntroduction&Reading-Pre-reading［原文呈现］WhatIsaTornado0?SectionIAtornadoisarotating②column③ofairfromathunderstorm@totheground.Themostviolent⑤havewindsofmorethan400kilometresper⑥hour.Almostallofthemoccur⑦intheUS,intheareafromTexasinthesoutheasttoSouthDakotainthenorth.⑧Tornadoescanpickupcars,trainsandevenhousesandputthemdowninthenextstreet—oreveninthenexttown.Theycantakethefur⑨of产thebackofacatandthefeathers®offachicken.Theycandestroyhouses,butleavethefurniture@insideexactlyOnaverage®,thereare800tornadoesintheUSeachyear,causing®about80deathsand1,500injuries®.Theworsttornadoofalltime⑰occurredin1925,affcfitingjUlIXfeJUSStatftS®：Missouri,IllinoisandIndiana.Bythetimeitended,morethan700peoplehadbeenkilledand2,700hadbeeninjured.theleftanduptotherelativesafetyoftheold,inactivesummit.Manytoursaretimedsothatyouarriveattheconeofthevolcanoinplentyoftimeforsunsetandthefullcontrastbetweentheeruptingredlavaandthedarkeningsky.Onagooddaytheviewfromthesummitisextremelyexciting.Theactivemouthboils,sendingredlavaoveritssides,andonceinawhileshootshotstreamsupto100metresintotheair.Thereisastrongbadsmellintheairevenifyoutakecaretobeupwindofthecone.Aseveningturnsdeeperintothenight,theburninglavaquietlyfallsdownthesideofthevolcano.Foryou,too,itistimetogetdown.语篇解读:红色的熔岩从火山口喷薄而出冲向百米高空，与黑色的天幕相映生辉，来自大自然的力量令游客叹为观止，流连忘返。Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A・ToattracttouriststoPacaya.TodescribethebeautyofPacaya.TointroduceguidedtourstoPacaya.ToexplainthepowerofnatureatPacaya.解析：选A写作意图题。B项描述Pacaya之美；C项介绍去Pacaya的旅行；D项解释Pacaya大自然的力量。这三项本文都是点到为止，其最终目的是想吸引游客去PacayaoAntiguaisanisland・wherepeoplecanenjoyculturalfestivalwherethedaringPacayatourstartsthatgivesaclose-upviewofPacayathatisfamousforitstourcompanies解析：选B细节理解题。由第二段最后一句"NomatterwhenyoucometoAntigua,youwon'tmissthePacaya-tourcompanies.”可知，这里是冒险之游的起点。ClimbingtotheMcKenneyCone,peoplewill.walkdirectlytotheactivesummitB・hearthecontinuousloudnoisefromabovemakegreatereffortsthantoothersummitsseeapathlinedwithremainsofearliereruptions解析：选D细节理解题。由第三段第三句“Steaming,hotremainsfromrecenteruptionsbegintolinethepathasyouneartheactivesummit”可知D项正确。Manytoursaretimedforpeopleto・getdownthemountainintimewhennightfallsavoidthesmellfromtheupwinddirectionoftheconeenjoythefantasticeruptionagainstthedarkeningskyappreciatethesceneryofthe2,560-metre-highmountain解析：选C细节理解题。由最后一段第一句可知，要准时到达火山锥才能欣赏到日落及岩浆喷发到黑色天空中的壮观景色。II.阅读七选五RedCrossAppsGuideSurvivalists

throughNaturalDisastersRedCrosshasseveralappsthatwillhelpyouinanaturaldisaster.1•EmergencyAppForanall-in-onereferenceforanycatastrophe,theEmergencyAppistheanswer.Userscanalsocustomizetheiralertsaccordingtotheirareasandlocationsoftheirlovedonessothattheycanmonitoractivityinmultipleplaces.•EarthquakeAppAndthenumberofhighmagnitudeearthquakesnearlydoubledlastyear.WiththeEarthquakeApp,youllreceivereal-timealertsandnotificationsandlearnhowtorespondinthisnaturaldisasterwhilekeepingyourfamilyandhomesafefromanyfurtherthreats.•HurricaneAppThisisamust-haveforpeopleinhurricaneareas.—4MuchliketheEarthquakeApp,itwillsupplyyouwithdetailsforstayingsafeinthiscircumstance.•ShelterFinderAppIncaseyouremergencyshelterwasn'tbuilttowithstandwhateverdisastercameyourway,theShelterFinderAppusesdatafromtheNationalShelterSystemandmapsoutthesecuredsheltersacrossthecountry.Otherthantheaddress,theappalsosuppliesyouwithdetailssuchastheagencyrunningtheshelter,capacityandcurrentpopulationoftheshelter,amongothers.，A.Theglobalearthquakerateisrising.B・EachappisavailableoniOSandAndroiddevices.Itcontainsinformationonover35differenttypesofemergencysituations.Thesedetailsareupdatedwithineverythirtyminutes,soyou*llalwaysstayposted.Trackstormsandtheconditioninyourareasothatyoucantaketheproperprecautions.Themodernsurvivalistknowsyoursmartphoneisthebesttooltokeepyouonyourfeet.G・Forotherappsspecifictoanaturaldisaster,theRedCrossalsohasappsforfloods,tornadoes,andwildfires.语篇解读：如何应对自然灾害呢？本文介绍了一些红十字会自然灾害客户端，它们会对你有所帮助。L选B设空处前面句子说到“红十字会有几个应用程序会在自然灾害中帮助你”o选项B意为“每个应用程序都可在iOS和Android设备上使用”，符合语境。.选C由设空前的内容可知选项C符合语境，意为“它包含了关于超过35种不同类型的紧急情况的信息”。.选A该段主要介绍“地震应用程序”，选项A意为“全球地震发生率正在上升”，其中的关键词“earthquake”与段落主题相符。由此可见，选项A符合语境。.选E选项E中的关键信息“storms”与段落标题以及设空处前面句子中的关键线索词"hmricane”相符。由此可见，选项E符合语境。.选D选项D中的“Thesedetails”与上文中提到的“withdetailssuchas…”相呼应。由此可见，选项D符合语境。［读文清障］①tornado/Wneldau/”.龙卷风②rotating/rau'teItIij/时.旋转的；循环的③column/'kx）lam/〃.柱状物；柱状体（Dthunderstorm/'OAnda,st）：m/〃・雷暴⑤violent/'variant/〃力・.猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的⑥perprep•每⑦occur/a'k3：/oi.发生occur不用于被动语态和进行时态。⑧pickup卷起；掀起⑨fur/f3：".（动物的）毛皮⑩takeoff去掉⑪feather/'feda/〃,羽毛⑫furniture/'f3：nltja".家具⑬whereitwas是where引导的地点状语从句。⑭onaverage平均起来⑮cause/k，z/".引起；导致⑯causingabout80deathsand1,500injuries是现在分词短语作结果状语。⑰ofalltime有史以来，历史上（常与最高级连用）⑱现在分词短语affectingthreeUSstates作状语，表结果。什么是龙卷风?［第1〜3段译文］龙卷风是指一个从空中的雷暴延伸到地面而生成的旋转气柱。最强烈的龙卷风风速达到每小时400千米以上。几乎所有的龙卷风都发生在美国，从东南部的得克萨斯州到北部的南达科他州。龙卷风能卷起汽车、火车，甚至房子，把它们卷到邻近的街道——甚至邻近的城镇。它们（龙卷风）能拔掉猫背上的毛和鸡身上的羽毛。它们能毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。平均起来，美国每年发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡、1500人受伤。有史以来最严重的一场龙卷风发生在1925年，影响了美国的三个州：密苏里州、伊利诺伊州和印第安纳州。等到风停时，已有700人死亡，2700人受伤。WhatIsaHurricane?Hurricanesarestrongtropical⑲storms,andtheyusuallyoccurinthesouthernAtlanticOcean,theCaribbeanSeaandtheGulfofMexico.Thereareviolentwindsof120kilometresperhourormore®,whichcausehugewaves®,heavyrainandfloods®.ThereareonaveragesixAtlantichurricaneseachyearandtheyusuallyaffecttheeastcoastoftheUSfromTexastoMaine.Theworsthurricanedisasterofalltimeoccurredonthe8thSeptember1900inGalveston,Texas.Windsof200kilometresperhourandfive-metrehighwaveshit©thecity.Thedisasterkilled6,000peopleinapopulationof37,000anddestroyed3,600buildings.,⑲tropical/'tnopIkl/M/•热带的⑳whichcausehugewaves,heavyrainandfloods是which弓|导的非限制性定语从句，修饰windso㉑wave/welv/ 浪wavev.挥手，招手〃・洪水©hitP.袭击什么是飓风?［第4〜5段译文］飓风是强劲的热带风暴，它们通常发生在南大西洋、加勒比海以及墨西哥湾。（飓风发生时）风速达每小时120千米或更快，引发巨浪、暴雨和洪灾。每年平均有6次大西洋飓风,这些飓风通常会影响从得克萨斯州到缅因州的美国东部海岸。有史以来最强烈的飓风灾难于1900年9月8日发生在得克萨斯州的加尔维斯顿。时速高达200千米的大风和5米高的巨浪袭击了这座城市。37000人中有6000人遇难，3600幢建筑物被摧毁。AnExtraordinaryEventThisisastoryaboutthe1900Galvestonhurricane.CharlesCoghlanwasanineteenth-centuryIrishactor双11公双fenttoJiwilLCanada。.HethenmovedtoNewYork,wherehebecamefamops®.Bythelate1890s,hehadmovedtoGalveston,Wb斑in1899,ayearbeforethehurricanestruck®.Thecemetery®©whereCoghlanwasburied®wasdestroyedbythehurricaneandCoghlan'scoffin®endedup©inthesea.Eightyearslater,thecoffinwasfoundbyfishermenintheseanearhishomeonPrinceEdwardIslandintheeastofCanada.TheGulfStreamhadcarriedit3,000kilometresup©theeasternUScoasttoPrinceEdwardIsland.CoghlantravelledbacktoCanada—afterhehadbeenburiedinTexas!,@who引导的定语从句,修饰actor,who在从句中作主语。卷where引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰NewYorkowhere在从句中作地点状语，可以转换成inwhicho©where引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰GalvestonoOstrike/stralk/of.&〃・（雷电、暴风雨等）袭击strikefstruck—struck/stricken@cemetery/'sematri/〃•墓地；公墓©where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词thecemetery,where在从句中作地点状语。@bury/'beri/".埋葬beburiedin=buryoneselfin埋头于，专心于®coffin/*kx)fln".棺材Oendup结果为 ,以结束endupwith以某种方式结束©upprep•沿而上一个离奇的事件［第6〜8段译文］这是一个关于1900年加尔维斯顿飓风的故事。查尔斯•科格伦是19世纪一位定居加拿大的爱尔兰演员。后来他移居纽约，并在那里成名。到19世纪90年代末，他已经移居加尔维斯顿，于1899年在那里去世，也就是飓风袭击那里的前一年。掩埋科格伦的公墓被飓风摧毁，他的棺材最终被卷入了大海。8年后，渔民们在加拿大东部爱德华王子岛他家附近发现了他的棺材。墨西哥湾流沿着美国东海岸把它（棺材）一直带到爱德华王子岛，行程3000千米。埋葬于得克萨斯州的查尔斯•科格伦又回到了加拿大！Step1 Pre-readingElpieasematchthewordswiththeirpropermeanings.disasterA.况•引起;disasterA.况•引起;导致experiencecausefurnitureB.〃・波浪C.戈experiencecausefurnitureD.〃.墓地；公墓buryE.〃•灾难occurF.”经历violentG.〃.家具waveH.oi.发生LQ疗猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的LQ疗猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的cemeteryJ.“埋葬6〜10 答案：1〜5EFAGJ6〜10HIBCDEULead-inLookingatthefollowingpicturesandwritedownthenamesofthenaturaldisasters.1.earthquake 2.fire 3,typhoon4.tornado 5Jightning 6.HoodStep2 While-readingElFast-readingReadthetextquicklyandmatchthesentences.Atornadois・Tornadoescandestroyhouses.Hurricanesarestrongtropicalstorms・CharlesCoghlanwasanIrishactor・ThereareonaveragesixAtlantichurricaneseachyear.andtheyusuallyoccurinthesouthernAtlanticOceanandtheyusuallyaffecttheeastcoastoftheUSfromTexastoMaineandsomethingunexpectedhappenedtohiscoffinafterhediedarotatingcolumnofairfromathunderstormtothegroundbutleavethefurnitureinsideexactlywhereitwas[〜5 答案：1〜5DEACBElcareful-readingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswers.WhichofthefollowingdescriptionsabouttornadoisNOTcorrect?Itisakindofrotatingcolumnofair.Itisusuallycausedbyathunderstorm.C・Itcanreachaspeeduptomorethan400kilometersperhour.D.Itcancausemuchdamagetopeople,includingdeathsandinjuries.HowmuchdamagedidtheworsttornadocausetotheUS?Itpickedupcars,trainsandevenhousesandputthemdowninthenextstreet.Thefurofthebackofmanycatsandthefeathersofmanychickenshadbeentakenoff.Itcausedabout80deathsand1,500injuries.Morethan700peoplelosttheirlivesand2,700hadbeeninjured.Whatarethesimilaritiesbetweenthetornadoandhurricane?Theybothoccurtogetherwithstrongwind.Americaisthecountryaffectedoftenbybothofthem.Theybothcancausealotofdamagetopeopleandthebuildings.D.Allabove.WherewasCharlesCoghlanbornindeed?A.InIreland. B.InCanada.C.InNewYork. D.InGalveston.Whatarethecausesofthesenaturalviolence?A.Thedifferentatmosphericpressurebetweentwoareas.B・Thechangeableweatherintheseareas.Thedestructionofthenaturebyhumanbeings.Notmentionedinthepassage.答案：1〜5BDDADAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.Theworsttornadoofalltimeoccurredin1925,affectingthreeUSstates:Missouri,IllinoisandIndiana.［句式分析］［尝试翻译1有史以来最严重的一场龙卷风发生在1925年，影响了美国的三个州：密苏里州、伊利诺伊州和印第安纳州。Thereareviolentwindsof120kilometresperhourormore,whichcausehugewaves,heavyrainandfloods.［句式分析］［尝试翻译］风速达每小时120千米或更快，引发巨浪、暴雨和洪灾。Bythelate1890s,hehadmovedtoGalveston,wherehediedin1899,ayearbeforethehurricanestruck.［句式分析］［尝试翻译］到19世纪90年代末，他已经移居加尔维斯顿，于1899年在那里去世，也就是飓风袭击那里的前一年。I.阅读理解AHurricaneBabettereachedthenortheasternUnitedStatestodayandcauseddeathanddestructioneverywhere.Thekillerstormcarriedwindsof135milesperhour.Thehighwindsandheavyrains,togetherwiththeforceoftheAtlanticOcean,createdextremelydangerouswaves.Itisnotyetknownhowmanypeoplediedorwerehurtinthisstorm,butitissaidthatthenumberswillbeveryhigh.Thedamagetohomes,businessandcropswillrunintobillionsofdollars.Nowthatthestormisover,thelong,slowrebuildingwillbegin.Withthearrivalofthetornadoseason,theNationalWeatherServiceisagaintellingpeoplehowtoprotectthemselvesfromthesedeadlystorms.Thewindsfromtornadoesarethemostviolentwindsonearth.Theycanblowupto400milesperhour.Atornadolookslikeafunnel（漏斗）・Itisalsoveryloud.Itmaysoundlikeatraincomingatyou.Infact,thewindsfromatornadocanpickupatrainandthrowitaround.Ifatornadoisseeninyourarea,itisveryimportantthatyouprotectyourself.Abasement（地下室）isthesafestplacetogo.Trytowaitunderatableinthebasement.Ifyourbuildingdoesnothaveabasement,stayonthegroundfloorbutlieflatunderabedortable.Stayawayfromwindows.Ifyouareoutsideorinyourcar,trytofindanarrowplacetoliedownin.Astheareatriestodealwiththeworstfloodofthecentury,therearemanyheartwarmingstoriesofpeoplehelpingotherpeople.Fromallovertheworldpeoplehavesentfoodandclothestohelpthethousandswhohavehadtoleavetheirhomes.Manyvolunteershavecometohelptomakesandbagsandusethemtobuildwallsagainsttheoverflowingriver.Whiletheresultofthisdisasterwillbeterribleformany,itisbeautifultoseepeoplecomingtogethertohelpothersandsavelives,andproperty（财产）.语篇解读：本文讲述了自然灾害带给人们的灾难及在这些灾难中人们如何自救。Whatarethethreeshortparagraphsabout?Newspaperarticlesabouttheweather.Badweatherforecastsinnewspapers.Introductiontoclimateindifferentplaces.Popularscienceonclimate.解析：选A主旨大意题。第一段讲述飓风造成的损失，第二段讲述龙卷风中人们如何自救，第三段讲述了在这些灾难中人们的表现。故这篇文章应该是一篇关于天气的新闻稿。Accordingtothepassage,apersonwhoseesatornadoinhisarea,hadbetterNOT・stayonthegroundfloorbutliedownunderabedgotothebasementandwaitunderatablefindadeepnarrowplacetoliedownindrivehiscarawayasfastaspossible解析：选D细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“orinyourcar,tryto仔ndanarrowplacetoliedownin”可知应该停车而不是快速行驶oWecanlearnfromthepassagethat・HurricaneBabettedamagedthenorthwesterncoastofUSwhenthere'sflooding,sandbagscanbemadeandusedtobuildwalltheNationalWeatherServiceoftentakesmeasurestoprotectthelocalpeoplepeopleareoftenremindedofhowtoprotectthemselvesfromsnowstorm解析：选B细节理解题。由第三段“makesandbagsandusethemtobuildwallsagainsttheoverflowingriver”可知沙袋可以筑成墙抗洪。BTheUSgovernmenthasrecentlyhelpedpeoplelearnmoreaboutthedangersofearthquakesbypublishingamap.Thismapshowsthechancesofanearthquakeineachpartofthecountry.Theareasofthemapwhereearthquakesaremostlikelytooccurarecalledearthquakebelts.Thegovernmentisspendingagreatdealofmoneyandisworkinghardtohelptodiscovertheanswerstothesetwoquestions：Canwepredictearthquakes?Canwecontrolearthquakes?Toanswerthefirstquestion,scientistsarelookingverycloselyatthemostactivefault（断层）systemsinthecountry,suchastheSanAndreasfaultinCalifornia.Afaultisabreakbetweentwosectionsoftheearth*ssurface.Thesebreaksbetweensectionsaretheplaceswhereearthquakesoccur.Scientistslookatthefaultsforchangeswhichmightshowthatanearthquakewasabouttooccur.Butitwillprobablybemanyyearsbeforewecanpredictearthquakescorrectly.Andthecontrolofearthquakesisevenfartheraway.However,therehavebeensomeinterestingdevelopmentsinthefieldofcontrollingearthquakes.ThemostinterestingdevelopmentconcernstheRockyMountainArsenalearthquakes.Herewaterwasputintoalayerofrocks4,000metresbelowthesurfaceoftheground.Shortlyafterthisinjection（注射）ofwater,therewasasmallnumberofearthquakes.Scientistshavedecidedthatthewaterwhichwasinjectedintotherocksworkedlikeoiloneachother.Whenthewater“oiled"thefault,thefaultbecameslipperyandtheenergyofanearthquakewasgivenout.Scientistsarestillexperimentingatthesiteoftheseearthquakes.Theyhaverealizedthatthereisaconnectionbetweentheinjectionofthewaterandtheearthquakeactivity.Theyhavesuggestedthatitmightbepossibletousethisknowledgetopreventverybig,dangerousearthquakes,thatis,scientistscouldinjectsomekindoffluidlikewaterintofaultsandchangeonebigearthquakeintoanumberofsmall,harmlessearthquakes.语篇解读;为了提高人们对地震的防范意识，美国政府加大了在防震I预测方面的投入,他们甚至在努力采取措施控制地震的发生。Earthquakesbeltsare・mapsthatshowwhereearthquakesarelikelytooccurzoneswithahighprobabilityofearthquakesbreaksbetweentwosectionsoftheearth'ssurfacethetwolayersofearthalongafault解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段的第三句可知，地震多发