Unit教学知识细解码Word版含解析3

1．illustratevt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图→illustrationn．插图；图示；解释→illustrativeadj2．preciousadj.珍稀的；宝贵的→preciousnessn．宝贵；可贵3．marriagen．结婚；婚姻→marryvt.(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶→marriedadj.已婚的4．majoradj.主要的；重要的→majorityn．大部分；大多数5．complainvt.&vi.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint6．respondvt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应→responsen．反应；回答；回复7．rejectvt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejectionn．拒绝接受(相信……)；否决8．appointvt.任命；委派→appointmentn．约会；预约；约定9．electvt.选举；推选→electionn．选举；推选；当选10．scarevt.惊吓；使害怕vi.受惊吓→scaredadj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的11．energyn．精力；活动→energeticadj.精力充沛的；充满活力的1．moraladj.道德的；道义上的n.品行；道德；寓意①Youshouldfollowthetraditionalmoralstandards.道德的②Youngpeoplehavenomoralsthesedays.品行；道德③Themoralisthatcrimedoesn'tpay.寓意，教益2．faintvi.昏倒；晕厥adj.不清楚的；微弱的①Wecouldheartheirvoicesgrowingfainterastheywalkeddowntheroad.微弱的②Thewomaninfrontofmefaintedsuddenly.昏倒3．tendvt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于；常常就；往往会①Womentendtolivelongerthanmen.往往会②Priceshavetendeddownwardsoverrecentyears.倾向；趋于③Thenurseistendingtheinjured.照顾WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(知识要点1)carrysb.throughsth.帮助某人渡过难关(教材P16)ThesewordsofDr.LinQiaozhigiveusalookintotheheartofthisamazingwoman，andwhatcarriedherthroughalifeofhardchoices.林巧稚这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界，并了解是什么支撑她渡过充满艰难抉择的一生。[例1]Hisdeterminationcarriedhimthroughthehardtime.他靠坚强的信心渡过了这段艰难的岁月。[例2]Itwasyourhelpthatcarriedthemthroughthehardesttimeintheforeigncountry.就是你的帮助使她们渡过了在国外艰难的日子。[造句]就是对医学的热爱支撑她渡过充满艰难抉择的一生。Itwasthelovetomedicinethatcarriedherthroughalifeofhardchoices.[知识拓展]carrysb.backtosth.使回想起；使回忆carryoff 赢得；获得；成功的对付carryon 继续移动carryout 实施；执行；落实carrysth.through 成功完成；顺利实现[即学即练]单句语法填空①It'sadifficultjobbutshe'sthepersontocarryitthrough．②Theyarecarryingouttheplannow.③PleasecarryonwithyourworkwhileI'maway.④Hecarriedoffmostoftheprizes.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点2)majority大部分；大多数(教材P16)Atage18，insteadoffollowingthetraditionalpathofmarriagelikethemajorityofgirls，shechosetostudymedicine.在十八岁时她选择了学医而不是像大多数女孩那样走传统的婚姻之路。[例1]Boysareverymuchintheminorityatthedancingclass.舞蹈班里男生占极少数。[例2]Ourcountryisatraditionalagriculturalsociety，withamajorityoffarmingpopulation.我们的国家是一个传统的农业社会，农村人口占绝大多数。[例3]Forexample，ifyoulookattheaudienceataclassicalconcert，themajorityareovertheageoffifty.例如，你看一看听古典音乐会的观众，大部分是五十岁以上的。[造句](2015·浙江卷)当我有不同的观点时，我可能会选择放弃自己的观点并尊重大多数人的观点。WhenIhaveadifferentopinion，Imaychoosetogiveitupandrespecttheopinionofthemajority.[知识拓展](1)a/themajorityof...大多数……beinthe/amajority 占大部分/大多数(2)minorityn. 少数beintheminority 占少数(3)majorn．&v. 主修；专业majorin 主修……；以……为专业[即学即练]单句语法填空①Onlyasmallnumberofpeopleinthatcitydonothaveacarwhilethepeopletakingsubwaytoworkareinthemajority.②Themajorityofthelandhasbeendestroyed(destroy)sofar.③Someoftheplaystoldsadstories，butthemajorityoftheplayswere(be)reallyfunny.[提示](1)themajority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。(2)themajorityof＋eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(复数名词＋复数谓语动词,不可数名词＋单数谓语动词))eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点3)respondvt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应(教材P16)Sheresponded，“I'dratherstaysingletostudyallmylife！”她回答说“我宁愿为终身学习而保持单身”。[例1]Cliverespondedtomysuggestionwithalaugh.克利夫对我提的建议报以一笑。[例2]Thedirectorrespondedthatheremainedoptimisticwhenaskedaboutthecompany'sfuture.问到公司的未来的时候，经理回答说他依然乐观。[造句]你可以相信他迎接挑战的能力。Youcanrelyonhimtorespondtoachallenge.[知识拓展](1)respondtosth.对……做出反应/回答(2)responsen.回答；反应inresponseto 对……做出反应make(a)responseto回答/响应……；对……做出反应[即学即练]单句语法填空①Thediseasequicklyrespondedtothetreatment.②Inresponsetotheaudience'sgreatdemand，theplaywill/wouldbeputoninthetheatretwiceaweek.③Hemadenoresponse(respond)tomysuggestion，whichmademeverydisappointed.[小片段助记]Hecameupwiththesuggestiononthequestionatthemeetlastnight.Somepeoplequicklyrespondedtothesuggestionwhilethemajorityofthempresentatthemeetmadenoresponsetoit.Sotheydecidedtohaveanothermeetinresponsetothequestion.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点4)rejectvt.拒绝接受；不录用(教材P16)Dr.Lin，however，rejectedtheoffer.然而，林博士拒绝了他们的邀请。[例1]Theprimeministerrejectedanyideaofreformingthesystem.首相对任何改革体制的想法都不予考虑。[例2]SeventeenpublishersrejectedthemanuscriptbeforeJenkssawitspotential.17家出版社回绝了这部手稿，直到詹克斯看到了它的潜在价值。[造句]所有我申请的大学都没有录取我。I'vebeenrejectedbyalltheuniversitiesIappliedto.[知识拓展](1)rejectsth.拒绝接受某事；不予考虑某事(2)rejectionn. 拒绝接受；否决[即学即练]单句语法填空①Thenewmanager'sproposalmetwithfirmrejection(reject)．②Hesaidthathehadbeenrejected(reject)bytheuniversityhehadbeendreamingof.[小片段助记]Johnhasbeendreamingofworkinginthecompany.Heinsistsonapplyingforajobinthecompanythough，hehasbeenrejected(reject)manytimes.Onceheevensaidtheirrejection(reject)madehimmoreeagertowantajobinit.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点5)appointvt.任命；委派(教材P16)In1941，Dr.LinbecamethefirstChinesewomanevertobeappointeddirectoroftheOB­GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital，...在1941年，林博士成为第一位曾被任命为协和医院妇产科主任的中国女性，……[例1]Dotheyappointhimasthesecretary?他们任命他为秘书了吗？[例2]Theyhaveappointedanewheadteacheratmyson'sschool.我儿子读书的学校任命了一位新校长。[例3]IhaveanappointmentwithDr.Smith，butIneedtochangeit.我与史密斯医生有约，但是我需要改约。[造句]他们任命他为英格兰队队长。TheyappointedhimascaptainoftheEnglishteam.[知识拓展](1)appointsb.toapost派某人任某职appointsb.as/tobe... 任命某人为……appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事(2)make/haveanappointmentwithsb.与某人约会/预约keep/breakanappointment 守/违约[即学即练]单句语法填空①Hewasappointed(appoint)generalmanagerforhisrichexperience.②TheyappointTomtotake(take)chargeofalltheactivitiesonthatday.③Ifyouwanttoseethedoctor，you'dbetterhaveanappointment(appoint)withhiminadvance.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点6)electvt.选举；推选(教材P17)In1954，shewaselectedtothefirstNationalPeople'sCongressand，...1954年，她第一次被选为人大代表，……[例1]Heiselectedtobetheleadershipoftheparty.他被推举为党的领导人。[例2]Youcanelecttostayheretill5o'clockorleaveatonce.你可以选择在这里待到5点或者马上离开。[造句]购买者可选择逐月分期付款。Purchaserscanelecttopayinmonthlyinstallment.[知识拓展](1)electtodosth.选择做某事electsb.to... 选举某人进入……electsb.(as)．..选举某人担任……electsb.todosth. 选举某人做某事(2)electionn. 选举[即学即练]单句语法填空①Hewaselectedasourmonitoratthebeginningoftheterm.②IfIamluckytobeelected(elect)，Iwillmakeeveryefforttoserveforthebenefitsofstudentsandourclub.③Thelowlevelofinterestintheelection(elect)hasbeenreflectedintheunwillingnessofthecitizenstovote.[小片段助记]Hewaselectedasourmonitorintheelectionofourclassyesterday.Asourmonitor，hecanelecttomanageourclassbyhimself，andhecanalsoelectsomeclassmatestohelphimtomanageit.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点7)tendvt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于(教材P17)Shewasmoreinterestedintendingpatients，...她更感兴趣的是照顾病人，……[例1]Theoldtendtobecheatedeasily.老年人更容易被欺骗。[例2]Shetended(to)herhusbandcarefullyduringhisillness.丈夫生病期间，她无微不至地照顾他。[造句]这就意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。Itmeansthatmoreheatenergytendstobetrappedintheatmospherecausingtheglobaltemperaturetogoup.[知识拓展](1)tendtodo...往往会/易于做某事……tend(to)sb./sth.照顾/护理/看护……(2)tendencyn. 倾向Thereisatendency(forsb.)todosth.＝(sb.)have/hasatendencytowardssth./todosth.倾向于(做)……[提示]“照料，护理”的多种表达法：lookafter/takecareof/keepaneyeon/attend(to)[即学即练]单句语法填空①Theboytends(tend)tolikeplayingfootball.②Hetended(tend)mydogwhileIwasaway.[小片段助记]Nowthereisatendencyformoreandmoreyoungpeopletotakeexerciseinthegym.Becausetherearesometrainerstendingtoyouwhenyouareintroublethere.You'dbetternotgothereatabout6：00，sinceittendstogetverycrowdedthen.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点8)scareadj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌和恐惧的(教材P17)Shewassoscaredduringtheinterviewthatshecompletelyforgothowsheshouldrespondtothequestions.在面试时，她太害怕了以至完全忘了如何回答问题。[例1]Sheisscaredofgoingoutalone.她不敢一个人外出。[例2]ItscaredmetothinkIwasaloneinthebuilding.想到楼里只有我一个人我挺害怕的。[造句]我告诉自己它们并不危险，但是这样一点儿也不能抑制我那怕的要死的心情！Itoldmyselftheyweren'tdangerousbutthatdidn'tstopmefromfeelingscaredtodeathforamomentscare...away...把……吓跑(2)bescaredof(doing)sth.害怕(做)某事(3)scaringadj. 令人害怕的[即学即练]单句语法填空①Mostofusareeagerforsuccessandscaredoffailure.②Thepoorgirlwassoscared(scare)thatshenearlyburstintotears.③Hewasscaredtodeath(die)onseeingtheterrifyingscene.④Thatscaring(scare)moviewassoterrifyingthatMarkfeltfrightenedatthethoughtofit.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点9)replacevt.接替；取代；更换(教材P17)ThestudentunionwillholdaspecialmeetinginJanuarytoelectsomeonetoreplacethesecretary.学生会将在一月召开一个特别会议，来选举一个人接替这位秘书。[例1]JohnisillandIwanttoknowwhoisgoingtotaketheplaceof(＝replace)him.约翰病了，我想知道谁将代替他。[例2]Theyreplacedtheirbelovedoldcarswithexpensivenewsportscars.他们用昂贵的新跑车取代了心爱的旧车。[造句]有一类密码用符号来代替单词、短语或句子。There'sacodeusessymbolstoreplacewords，phrases，orsentences.[知识拓展](1)replaceAwith/byB用B取代Areplacesb.as... 取代某人成为……(2)taketheplaceofsb.＝takesb.'splace代替某人inplaceof 代替inplace 在适当的位置，恰当的[即学即练]单句语法填空①Itisgenerallybelievedthatteacherswillneverbereplacedby/withcomputersinclass.②Shecan'tattendthemeeting，soherassistantwilltaketheplaceofher.③Nowthatthesebasicswereinplace，Iwasreadytogoallouttocarryouttheplan.SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重点句式1)否定词与比较级连用表示最高级句式(教材P16)Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife...对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了……句式分析：否定词＋比较级“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等。[例1]Mr.Stevensonisgreattoworkfor—Ireallycouldn'taskforabetterboss.为史蒂文森先生工作真好——我实在找不到比他更好的老板了。[例2]AsfarasI'mconcerned，nothingismoreimportantthanhardstudy.就我个人而言，没有什么比努力学习更重要的了。[造句]没有比时间更贵重的东西，但其他东西也同样宝贵。Nothingismorevaluablethantime，butnothingislessvalued.[知识拓展](1)比较级＋than＋eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(anyother＋单数名词,（all）theother＋复数名词,anyoneelse,anyoftheother＋复数名词,therestof＋复数名词或不可数名词))(2)can/could＋never/not＋be＋eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(形容词/副词＋enough,too＋形容词/副词))[即学即练](1)单句语法填空①IenjoyedmyselfatthepartylastnightbecauseIhadneverbeentoamoreexciting(exciting)onebefore.②Tomismoreintelligent(intelligent)thananyotherstudentinhisclass.③Remember，nooneisbetter(good)thanyouandnooneissmarter(smart)thanyou.(2)完成句子①你的故事太完美了；我之前从来没有听过比这更好的故事。Yourstoryisperfect；I'veneverheardabetteronebefore．②汤姆是我们班最高的学生。Tomistallerthananyotherstudentinourclass.③过马路时，你越小心越好。Youcanneverbetoocarefulwhilecrossingthestreet.eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式2)wouldratherdosth.宁愿做某事(教材P16)Sheresponded，“I'dratherstaysingletostudyallmylife！”她回答说：“我宁愿为终生学习而保持单身！”句式分析：句中wouldrather(not)dosth.意为“宁愿(不)做某事”。[例1]Hewouldmuchratherkeeptimeforhishobbies.他更愿意把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。[例2]Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplewouldrathernotliveinbigcities.现在越来越多的人宁愿不住在大城市里。[造句]为了过低碳生活，有些人宁愿骑车而不是开车去上班。Tolivealowcarbonlife，somepeoplewouldratherrideabikethandriveacartowork.[提示]①使用wouldrather...than...句型时要注意平行结构，即than的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个介词短语等。②wouldrather后跟that从句要用虚拟语气。[即学即练](1)一句多译简是一个文静的女孩，她宁愿待在图书馆也不愿去看电影。①Janeisaquietgirl，whowouldratherstayinthelibrarythangotoseeamovie.②Janeisaquietgirl，whopreferstostayinthelibraryratherthangotoseeamovie.③Janeisaquietgirl，whoprefersstayinginthelibrarytogoingtoseeamovie.(2)单句语法填空①Shewouldratheryoucame(come)tomorrowthantoday.②Iwouldratheryouhadfinished(finish)yourhomeworkyesterday.eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式3)see表“见证；目睹；经历”时的用法(教材P17)ThenewPeople'sRepublicofChinasawDr.LinQiaozhiplayingakeyrole.新的中华人民共和国见证了林巧稚博士所起的关键作用。句式分析：see意为“见证；目睹；经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。[例1]NationalDaysawpeoplesinginganddancinghappilyinthestreet.Theywereallverycheerful.国庆节人们在大街上高兴地又唱又跳。他们都兴高采烈。[例2]Theoldtemplehasseengreatchangesofthevillageinthepasttwohundredyears.这座古庙见证了过去二百年里这个村庄的巨大变迁。[造句]过去40年来见证了我国各个领域的巨大变化。Thelastfortyyearshaveseenmanygreatchangesinmanyfieldsofourcountry.[知识拓展]与see用法相同的动词有find，witness，say，experience等，这些词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。[即学即练](1)单句语法填空①Thecitysaw(see)aseriesoffiercefightsbetweenblacksandwhitesinthe1960sandDr.Kingwasshottodeathin1968.②Theyear1949witnessed(witness)thefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.③Witheconomydevelopingatgreatspeed，ourcityhaswitnessed(witness)quiteafewchangesinrecentyears.(2)完成句子①过去的三十年里制定了大量保障我们权利的法律。Thelastthirtyyearshavewitnessedalargenumberoflawsguaranteeingusourrights.②黄昏时，一个小女孩在街上哭。Theduskfoundalittlegirlcryinginthestreet.1．Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife，andiftheyentrustmewiththatlife，howcouldIrefusethattrust，sayingI'mcold，hungryortired?[分析]本句为并列句，由and连接，在后一个句子中，有if引导的条件状语从句，并且saying在后一句中作伴随状语。[译文]对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，如果他们把生命托付给我，我怎么能拒绝他们的信任，说我冷、饿或累呢？2．ShegreatlyimpressedherAmericancolleagues，whoinvitedhertostay.Dr.Lin，however，rejectedtheoffer.[分析]本句为并列句，由however引导表示转折。在前一个句子中有一个由who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰colleagues。[译文]她给她的美国同事留下了深刻印象，他们邀请她留在美国。然而，林博士拒绝了他们的邀请。教材高考1.Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife...(2015·湖南卷)Asastudent，Icantellyouthatthereisnothingbetterthanbeingpraisedbymyteacherbeforemyclassmates.2.Dr.Lindidn'tretireuntilthedayshedied.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)．..Shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36­year­oldbusiness.3.Sheimmediatelybecamethefirstwomanevertobehiredasaresidentphysician...(2019·北京卷)Thestudentswhohe'sdrivenhavegoneontobecomephysicians...Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Asweallknow，nothingismoreprecious(precious)thanhealth.2．Sheresponded(respond)tomyquestionafterawhile.3．Themajorityofthepeoplewere/are(be)infavourofthesuggestionatthemeeting.4．Herejected(reject)theofferofstudyinginAmericaandsettleddowntohisworkathome.5．Atlasthewasappointed(appoint)asmanagerofthecompany.6．Hehasworkedthelandforabout4decades(decade)sincehegraduatedfromthecollege.7．Theoldandtheyoungtendtobecheated(cheat)moreeasilythanothers.8．Afterretirement(retire)，IintendtolearncookingandFrench.9．Itgivestheoldmangreatpleasuretomeettheseenergetic(energy)youngpeople.10．Itisgenerallybelievedthatteacherswillneverbereplaced(replace)withcomputersinclass.Ⅱ.语境填空moraldilemma；carrysb.throughsth.；inthemajority；tuitionfees；respondto；inresponseto；residentphysician；tendto；replace...with；bescaredof1．Whenhemetwiththemoraldilemma，hedidn'tknowhowtodealwithit.2．Thelittlegirlwasscaredofst