2022届黑龙江省佳木斯市第一中学高三上学期第五次调研考试英语试卷（解析版）

2022届黑龙江省佳木斯市第一中学高三上学期第五次调研考试英语试卷时间：120分钟第Ⅰ卷(选择题，共90分)第一部分：听力（共两节，满分10分）第一节（共5小题；每小题0.5分，满分2.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whenwillthelecturebegiven?A.OnJune10th.B.OnJune11th.C.OnJune12th.2.Whatcausedthecompanysalestoincrease?A.Theonlinemarketingcampaign.B.Theextrasalespeople.C.Thediscountprices.3.WhatisJimmydoing?A.Readingastorybook.B.Doinghishomework.C.Playingcomputergames.4.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Forgivetheplayer.B.Kicktheplayerout.C.Apologizetotheplayer.5.Wheredoesthewomanusuallygetthebook?A.Intheshop.B.Inthesupermarket.C.OntheInternet.第二节（共15小题；每小题0.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Thepreparationsforacamping.B.Thechangeableweather.C.Theirfavoritefood.7.Whatwillthemantake?A.Bread.B.Hamburgers.C.Cards.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatiswrongwiththewoman?A.Shehasafever.B.Shehasaheadache.C.Shehasasleepingproblem.9.Whatdidthewomandolastnight?A.Shepreparedforameeting.B.Sheattendedameeting.C.Shewenttobedearly.10.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A.Quitthejob.B.Takesomemedicine.C.Havearest.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atatheater.B.Atahotel.C.Atasnackbar.12.Whatwouldthemanprobablydoat6p.m.tomorrow?A.Celebratetheirweddinganniversary.B.Attendaweddingceremony.C.Spendhis20thbirthday.13.Howmuchshouldthemanpay?A.$100.B.$200.C.$300.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Schoolmates.C.Teacherandstudent.15.Whatisthewoman’sproblem?A.Herbrotherisdisturbingher.B.Shehasnodictionarytouse.C.Herparentscan’tgiveheranyadvice.16.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Tellherbrothertostop.B.Gotothelibrarytostudy.C.Askherparentsforhelp.17.Whatisthewomanembarrassedat?A.RememberinglittlefromHistory.B.Reviewingbysinginghernotes.C.Writingdownwhatshehasread.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhatwasthemainmealforpeopleinPrussiainthe18thcentury?A.Rice.B.Potatoes.C.Bread.19.Howdidpeoplefeelaboutthepotatoesinthepalacegarden?A.Disappointed.B.Curious.C.Anxious.20Whatcanwelearnabouttheking?A.Hewasverysmart.B.Helikedmakingjokes.C.Hewascrazyaboutpotatoes.第二部分：英语知识运用第一节：单项填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）1.Thewomanwhousedtobein________chargeofabigcompanyisin________chargeofanurseatpresent.A.the；不填 B.the；theC.不填；不填 D.不填；the【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查冠词。句意：那个曾经负责一家大公司的女人现在由一个护士负责。介词短语incharge(ofsth)意为“负责（某事）”；insb’scharge/inthechargeofsb意为“由某人负责”，根据句意可知，空1为“负责某事”；空2为“由某人负责”。故选D项。2.Thecloth________easilyif________onatable.A.measures;spreading B.measures;spreadC.hasbeenmeasured;spread D.ismeasured;spreaded【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查时态、语态和非谓语动词。句意：如果被平铺在桌上，这块布料很好测量。主句中，谓语动词measure(测量)，此处用主动形式表被动含义，表事物的属性和功能，讲现在发生的动作，时态用一般现在时。if引导条件状语，与主句主语thecloth之间是被动关系，故用过去分词spread表被动，可补充为状语从句ifitisspreadonthecloth。故选B。3.Thethiefmadealittleholeinthewall，________hecouldseewhatwasgoingoninsidethehouse.A.onwhich B.inwhichC.throughwhich D.atwhich【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查介词词义辨析和定语从句。句意：小偷在墙上打了一个小洞，通过这个洞他可以看到房子里正在发生的事情。分析可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为hole，关系代词which替代thehole，根据后文hecouldseewhatwasgoingoninsidethehouse句意可知，应用介词through+which引导从句，throughthehole“通过这个洞”符合句意。故选C项。4.Thereisgrowingconcernthattwentyyearsfromnow,the________Americanfamilywon’tbeabletoaffordtosendtheirchildrentocollege.A.average B.typical C.extraordinary D.usual【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们越来越担心，20年后，普通美国家庭将无力负担送孩子上大学的费用。A.average普通的、一般的；B.typical典型的；C.extraordinary非凡的；D.usual通常的。空处修饰Americanfamilies,结合句意“无力负担孩子上大学的费用”可知是“普通家庭”，故选A。5.Davidneverdreamedof________achanceforhimtowinthefirstprizeinsinging.A.therewas B.itbeing C.therebeing D.itwas【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：大卫做梦也没有想到他会有机会获得歌唱一等奖。前文介词of后接动名词作宾语，故排除A、D项，动名词短语therebeing意为“有”，符合句意。故选C项。6.Youseemtobeinno________togotothecinemawithme.Solet'sstayathomewatchingTV.A.feeling B.emotion C.attitude D.mood【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你似乎没有心情和我一起去看电影。所以让我们呆在家里看电视吧。A.feeling感觉；B.emotion情感；C.attitude态度；D.mood心情。根据第二句句意可知，此处表示“没有心情”去看电影，短语“innomood”表示“没有心情”，为固定搭配，故选D。

7.Therewasanicelittlepresentforeveryone,withasuitablecard________.A.attached B.attaching C.toattach D.beingattached【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：每个人都有一份精美的小礼物，附上一张合适的卡片。此处为with的复合结构with+宾语+宾补，且card与attach构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故选A。8.—WhyisTominsuchahurry？—He________forBeijingtoattendanimportantmeeting.Theflight________at6∶00.A.leaves；leaves B.isleaving；leavesC.willleave；hasleft D.leaves；istoleave【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：——汤姆为什么这么着急？——他要去北京参加一个重要会议。飞机6点起飞。由语境可知，第一空表示“正要出发去……”，时态应用现在进行时；第二空表示飞机按时刻起飞，用一般现在时表示将来时，故选B。

9.—Couldyoulendmesomeofyourpaper？—Sorry.Mineis________.A.usingup B.runningoutC.runningthrough D.givingout【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：—你能借我些钱吗？—对不起，我的纸也要没了。A.usingup用光；B.runningout用光；C.runningthrough快速穿越，迅速传播；D.givingout分发。根据“sorry”可知，不能借给他了。useup为及物短语，要接宾语，因此不合适；runout为可单独使用的短语，不接宾语。故选B。10.Inthemiddleofthesquare________withastatueofaheroontopofit.A.standsastone B.doesastonestandC.astonestands D.astonedoesstand【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查倒装句型。句意：在广场的中央矗立着一块石头，上面有一个英雄的雕像。分析句子，结合句意可知，此处应用全倒装句型，谓语动词stands放在主语astone之前，地点状语Inthemiddleofthesquare位于句首。故选A项。第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHonorsProgramThehonorsprogramisforstudentswhohaveenjoyedtheirexperienceinresearchwithaguideteacherandarelookingforahighlightexperienceduringtheirfinalyear.Theprogramhasspecificrequirementsforourmajorsdescribedbelow.ApplicationStudentsparticipateinthehonorsprogramduringtheirfinalyear.Studentswhoexpecttohavea3.5accumulativeGPAbyfallofsenioryearshouldhaveidentifiedaguideteacherandappliedforNBBhonorsbyMay1stoftheirthirdyear.Applicationsarebriefandincludebasicinfomationsuchasguideteachername,projecttitle,andcurrentGPA.CourseworkDuringsenioryear,honorsstudentstaketworesearch-experiencecourses.Participationinthesecoursesincludesatleast12hoursofworkontheresearchprojecteachweekaswellasweeklymeetingswithotherresearcherstodevelopprofessionalskills.EssayThemajorityofourmajorsworkwithguideteachersinresearchexperiences,andmanystudentsco-authormanuscripts(手稿)publishedinleadingjournals.However,onlyhonorsstudentsareguidedandhelpedthroughtheprocessofwritinganessay.Allstudents’essaysarepublishedonlinethroughtheuniversitylibraryand,afterthedatabeingforbiddentobeincludedinotherarticles,theessaysareavailabletosearch.11.Whichofthefollowingistherequirementofthehonorsprogram?A.Studentsshouldtaketworelevantcourses.B.Studentsshouldspend12hoursresearching.C.Studentsshouldfinishtheiressaysontheirown.D.StudentsshouldapplybyMay1stinthefourthyear.12.Whatprivilegedohonorsstudentshave?A.Accesstoleadingjournals.B.Guidanceinwritinganessay.C.Includingthedatainotherarticles.D.Publishingessaysthroughthelibrary.13Whoisthepassageintendedfor?A.Guideteachers. B.Researchers. C.CollegeStudents. D.Professors.【答案】11.A12.B13.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍“荣誉项目（honorsprogram）”及其要求。11题详解】细节理解题。由文章第三段“Duringsenioryear,honorsstudentstaketworesearch-experiencecourses.Participationinthesecoursesincludesatleast12hoursofworkontheresearchprojecteachweekaswellasweeklymeetingswithotherresearcherstodevelopprofessionalskills.（大四期间，优等生要学习两门研究经验课程。参与这些课程包括每周至少12小时的研究项目工作，以及每周与其他研究人员的会议，以发展专业技能）”可知，荣誉课程的要求是应该上两门相应的课程。故选A项。【12题详解】推理判断题。由文章最后一段“However,onlyhonorsstudentsareguidedandhelpedthroughtheprocessofwritinganessay.（然而，只有优秀学生在写作过程中得到指导和帮助）”可知，只有优秀学生才能得到论文指导，由此得知这是他们的特权。故选B项。【13题详解】推理判断题。由文章第一段“Thehonorsprogramisforstudentswhohaveenjoyedtheirexperienceinresearchwithaguideteacherandarelookingforahighlightexperienceduringtheirfinalyear.Theprogramhasspecificrequirementsforourmajorsdescribedbelow.（这个荣誉项目是为那些在指导老师的指导下享受过研究经验的，希望在最后一年能有一次精彩的研究经历的学生设立的。这个项目对我们的专业有特殊要求，如下所述）”以及下文“majors”“essays”等词可知，这篇文章是为大学生准备的。故选C项。BItneveroccurredtomewhenIwaslittlethatgardenswereanythinglessthanwonderfulplaces.Granddad’sgardenwasonthebankofariverandslopedgentlydowntowardsthewater.Youcouldn’treachtheriverbutyoucouldhearthesoundofthewaterandthebirdsthatsanginthetreesabove.Athome,hisson,myfather,couldbequietandwithdrawn.Iwouldn’twanttomakehimsoundhumorless.Hewasn’t.Sillythingswouldamusehim.Irealizethat,deepdown,hewasprobablydisappointedthathehadn’tmademoreofhislife.Heleftschoolwithoutqualificationsandbecameabeginnertoaplumber.Plumbingwasnotsomethinghewaspassionateabout.Itwasjustwhathedid.Hewasneverparticularlyambitious,thoughtherewasamomentwhenheandMumthoughtofemigratingtoCanada,butitcametonothing.Wherehecameintohisownwasaroundthehouse.Hehadan“eyeforthejob.”Beitbookshelvesoracupboard—whathecouldachievewasastonishing.Ofthethreeoptions,moors,woodsorriver—theriverwastheonethatusuallygotmyvote.OnastretchoftheriverIwasallowedtodisappearwithmyimaginationintoanotherworld.WithafishingnetovermyshoulderIcouldsetoffinshoesthatwerelastyear’smodel.I’dwalkalongtheriverbanklookingforasuitablespotwhereIcouldtakeoffthepainfulshoesandleavethemwithmypicnicwhileIadventuredout,peeringthroughthewaterforanyfishthatIcouldscoopupwiththenetandtakehome.Iwantedtoleaveschoolassoonaspossiblebutthatseemedanunlikelyprospectuntilonedaymyfatherannounced,“They’vegotapostforangardenerintheParksDepartment.Ithoughtyoumightbeinterested.”HemightstillhavepreferreditifIbecameacarpenter.ButIliketofeelthatsomewhereinsidehimwasafeelingthatthingsmightjustturnoutforthebest.MaybeI’mcheatingmyself,butIprefertobelievethatinhisheart,althoughhehatedgardeninghimself,he’dwatchedmedoingitforlongenoughandnoticedmyunfailingpassionforallthingsthatgrewandfloweredandfruited.14.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetohisfatherinthesecondparagraph?A.Hewasunsatisfiedwithhisfather.B.Hewasregretfulthathisfatherhadnotachievedmore.C.Hewassympathetictothereasonswhyhisfatherbehaved.D.HewasgratefulthathisfatherhadnottakenthefamilytoCanada.15.Whatdoesthewritermeanbytheunderlinedphrase“cameintohisown”?A.wasabletodosomethingbyhimself B.wasabletoshowhistalentsoutC.wasabletocontinuehisdayjob D.wasabletoforgethisfailure16.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.ThewriterfeltangrythatthegardenwaslessamazingB.ThewriterwasanexcellentfishermanforhisgiftC.Thefishingtripillustratedthewriter’scarefreechildhood.D.Aroundthehouseliedthefather’sdreamofbeingcarpenter17.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Hisfatherisunsureabouthisson’sfutureB.Hisfatherwastiredofgivingwaytohisson.C.Hisfatherhadbeentryingtofindajobhissonwouldenjoy.D.Hisfatherhadbeenimpressedbyhisson’sloveofgardening.【答案】14.C15.B16.C17.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者从小喜欢祖父的花园，同情在生活中没有太大成就的父亲，并且在河边度过了无忧无虑的童年，最终选择了园艺工作。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Irealizethat,deepdown,hewasprobablydisappointedthathehadn’tmademoreofhislife.Heleftschoolwithoutqualificationsandbecameabeginnertoaplumber.Plumbingwasnotsomethinghewaspassionateabout.Itwasjustwhathedid.Hewasneverparticularlyambitious,thoughtherewasamomentwhenheandMumthoughtofemigratingtoCanada,butitcametonothing.(我意识到，在内心深处，他可能对自己没有在生活中取得更多成就感到失望。他没有取得任何资格证书就离开了学校，成为了一名水管工的新手。他对管道工程不感兴趣。这正是他所做的。他从来没有什么特别的雄心壮志，虽然有那么一刻他和妈妈想移民加拿大，但最终没有成功)”可推知，作者对父亲的所作所为感到同情。故选C。【15题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Beitbookshelvesoracupboard—whathecouldachievewasastonishing.”可知，无论是书架还是橱柜，父亲都能取得惊人的成就，可见房子成了父亲能够展示才能的地方。故“cameintohisown”的意思是“能够展示他的才能”。故选B。【16题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Ofthethreeoptions,moors,woodsorriver—theriverwastheonethatusuallygotmyvote.OnastretchoftheriverIwasallowedtodisappearwithmyimaginationintoanotherworld.WithafishingnetovermyshoulderIcouldsetoffinshoesthatwerelastyear’smodel.I’dwalkalongtheriverbanklookingforasuitablespotwhereIcouldtakeoffthepainfulshoesandleavethemwithmypicnicwhileIadventuredout,peeringthroughthewaterforanyfishthatIcouldscoopupwiththenetandtakehome.(在三个选择中，荒野、森林或河流——河流通常是我选择的那一个。在河的一个河段上，我可以带着我的想象消失在另一个世界里。肩上扛着渔网，我可以穿着去年的款式鞋子出发。我会沿着河岸走，寻找一个合适的地方，脱掉那双痛苦的鞋子，把它们放在我的野餐中，而我冒险出去，在水里凝视着任何我可以用网捞起来带回家的鱼)”可推知，钓鱼之旅描绘了作者无忧无虑的童年。故选C。【17题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Iwantedtoleaveschoolassoonaspossiblebutthatseemedanunlikelyprospectuntilonedaymyfatherannounced,“They’vegotapostforangardenerintheParksDepartment.Ithoughtyoumightbeinterested.”HemightstillhavepreferreditifIbecameacarpenter.ButIliketofeelthatsomewhereinsidehimwasafeelingthatthingsmightjustturnoutforthebest.MaybeI’mcheatingmyself,butIprefertobelievethatinhisheart,althoughhehatedgardeninghimself,he’dwatchedmedoingitforlongenoughandnoticedmyunfailingpassionforallthingsthatgrewandfloweredandfruited.(我想尽快离开学校，但这似乎不太可能，直到有一天父亲宣布：“公园管理处招聘一名园丁。我想你可能会感兴趣。”如果我当木匠，他可能还是会喜欢的。但我喜欢在他的内心深处有一种感觉，那就是事情可能会向好的方向发展。也许我是在欺骗自己，但我更愿意相信，在他心中，尽管他讨厌自己的园艺工作，但他已经看着我做了足够长的时间，并注意到我对所有生长、开花、结果的东西的永恒的热情)”可知，最后一段的主旨是儿子对园艺的热爱给他父亲留下了深刻的印象。故选D。COneofthegreatestchallengesincaringforsuchintelligentanimalsaschimpanzees(猩猩)isprovidingthemwithenrichingexperiences.Everyday,thechimpanzeesatProjectChimpsreceivemorningandeveningfood-basedenrichmentdevices,butcaregiversarealwayslookingformorewaystokeepthechimpsmentallyengaged.With79chimpanzees,eachwiththeirdistinctivepersonality,carestaffoftenfindthatdifferentchimpsreactdifferentlytonewenrichment.Lastyear,webeganinvitingmusicianstoperformforchimpstoseewhattheymayrespond.Aviolinperformancereceivedquitetheresponse.Additionalmusicianswerelineduptovisitbutthecoronavirushasstoppedtheactivities,whichwehopetoresumeinthenearfuture.Thispastweek,webroughtanelectricpianoforthechimpstoinvestigate.Somechimps,liketwinsButtercupandClarisse,wereimmediatelyinterestedandcouldnotwaittotapoutafewnotes.Others,likeEmma,weremoreinterestedintryingtotakeitapart.29-year-oldPrecioushasverylittletoleranceforthepiano.Shesatofftothesideforafewminutes,buteventuallyshedecidedthatwasenough.Shecalledanendtotheenrichmentsessionbythrowingahandfulofwasteatthepiano.Receivinghermessageloudandclear,weremovedthepiano.Wecouldneverhaveguessedhow33-year-oldLukewouldreacttoit.Aswithmanyretiredlabchimpanzees,Lukehassomeanxietyissues.Heseemsparticularlydistrustfulofanythingnew,includingpeople,food,andenrichment.Butwhenwepresentedthechimpswiththepiano,Lukewasthefirsttoinvestigate.Wecouldnotbelieveoureyes—thisusuallyanxiouschimpanzeebravelychosetoexploresomethingnew!TousatProjectChimps,thisiswhatitisallabout:givingchimpanzeesthefreedomtochoose.Wearehonoredtobepartoftheirjourney.18.Whydochimpanzeesresponddifferentlytonewenrichment?A.Theyareofdifferentgenders.B.Theyhavenaturalcuriosities.C.Theyareasintelligentashumans.D.Theyhavetheiruniquecharacters.19.Whoshowedtheleastinterestinthepiano?A.ButtercupandClarisse. B.Emma. C.Precious. D.Luke.20.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resume”inParagraph2mean?A.Continue. B.Suspend. C.Monitor. D.Regulate.21.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Howcaregiverscarefortheretiredchimpanzees.B.Whatcarestaffdotoenrichchimpanzees’dailylife.C.Howchimpanzeesaretrainedthroughvariousenrichment.D.WhatProjectChimpsdoestoobserveandstudywildchimps.【答案】18.D19.C20.A21.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了“黑猩猩计划”的护理人员如何通过各种方法丰富黑猩猩的生活的故事。【18题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“With79chimpanzees,eachwiththeirdistinctivepersonality,carestaffoftenfindthatdifferentchimpsreactdifferentlytonewenrichment.(有79只黑猩猩，每只都有各自独特的个性，护理人员经常发现，不同的黑猩猩对新事物的反应不同)”可知，每只猩猩都有自己独特的个性，所以对新事物会有不同的反应；选项D意为“他们有自己独特的性格”，与原文相符。故选D项。【19题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段前三句的“29-year-oldPrecioushasverylittletoleranceforthepiano.Shesatofftothesideforafewminutes,buteventuallyshedecidedthatwasenough.Shecalledanendtotheenrichmentsessionbythrowingahandfulofwasteatthepiano.(29岁的Precious对钢琴的承受力很小。她在一旁坐了几分钟，但最后她觉得已经够了。她向钢琴扔了几个垃圾，以此结束了丰富的演奏)”可知，Precious对钢琴最不感兴趣。故选C项。【20题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Additionalmusicianswerelineduptovisitbutthecoronavirushasstoppedtheactivities,whichwehopetoresumeinthenearfuture.(更多的音乐家排队等着来为黑猩猩们演奏，但冠状病毒已经导致这个活动停止了，我们希望在不久的将来恢复这个活动)”，可知这个让音乐家给猩猩演奏乐器的活动因为新冠病毒被迫中止，但是我们希望在不久的将来能恢复这个活动，即继续进行这个活动。选项A意为“继续”，与原文相符。故选A项。【21题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段前两句“Oneofthegreatestchallengesincaringforsuchintelligentanimalsaschimpanzees(猩猩)isprovidingthemwithenrichingexperiences.Everyday,thechimpanzeesatProjectChimpsreceivemorningandeveningfood-basedenrichmentdevices,butcaregiversarealwayslookingformorewaystokeepthechimpsmentallyengaged.(照顾像黑猩猩这样聪明的动物最大的挑战之一是为他们提供丰富的生活体验。每天，“黑猩猩计划”的黑猩猩都会收到早晚的伴随食物一起的丰富体验，但护理人员总是在寻找更多的方法让黑猩猩保持精神状态)”，以及最后一段“TousatProjectChimps,thisiswhatitisallabout:givingchimpanzeesthefreedomtochoose.Wearehonoredtobepartoftheirjourney.(对于从事黑猩猩计划的我们来说，这就是它的全部意义：给予黑猩猩选择的自由。我们很荣幸能成为他们旅程的一部分)”可知，本文主要讲述了参与“黑猩猩计划”的护理人员为了丰富黑猩猩的生活而采取的各种措施；选项B意为“护理人员如何丰富黑猩猩的日常生活”，与原文相符。故选B项。DTheTradesUnionCongress(TUC)hasurgedthegovernmenttousehighproductivityfromthegreateruseofrobotsandartificialintelligencetoreverse(推翻)plannedchangestothestateretirementage.BeforeitsannualcongressinBrighton,theTUCsaidhigherproductivitythankstotechnologicalinnovation(革新)oughttobringgreaterbenefitsforworkingpeople.Itsaidrecentprogresshadmainlybenefitedbusinessowners,ratherthanbeingsharedacrosstheworkforcethroughbetterwagesandworkingconditions.FrancesO'Grady,theTUCgeneralsecretary,said:"RobotsandAlcouldletusproducemoreforless,promotingnationalprosperity.Butweneedadebateaboutwhobenefitsfromthiswealth,andhowworkersgetafairshare."TherehavebeenpreviouswavesoftechnologicaladvancessincethefirstIndustrialRevolution,wheninefficientjobshavebeenreplacedbymachinesorthenumberofpeoplerequiredtodoworkhasbeenreduced.Suchadvanceshavenotledtoatotallossofjobs,buthavedisturbedthetypeofworkpeopledo.Thereareconcernsthatthecurrentstageofinnovationcouldbemoredamaging,whiletherewardsfromhigherproductivityhavenotnecessarilyledtohigherwages.Thelatestavailablefiguresshowlowunemploymentunseensincethemid-1970s,butgrowthinrealwagesremainsnegative.In1950,almostoneinthreeworkersworkedinmanufacturing,whileoneintwelveworkedinprofessionalandtechnicalservices.By2016theproportions(比例)hadchangedcompletely,butinthecommunitieswhichwereaffected,thejobslostinmanufacturingwerenotreplacedbyjobsofsimilarorbetterquality.Wagesinformerindustrialareaswerestill10%belowthenationalaverage.Theincreaseinthestateretirementagebysevenyears,whichwascontroversially(有争议的)broughtforwardbytheWorkandPensionsSecretaryDavidGauke,isexpectedtoaffectabout7millionpeopleintheirlate30sandearly40s.Aswellasreversingtheproposalontheretirementage,theTUCsaidworkersshouldbegiventherighttoamidlifecareerreview,whilefirmsshouldinvestmoreinworkplacetraining.Atpresent,theUKinvestsjusthalfoftheEUaverage,itsaid.O'Gradysaid:"Robotsarenotjustterminators.Someoftoday'sjobswillnotsurvive,butnewjobswillbecreated.Wemustmakesurethattomorrow'sjobsarenoworsethantoday's."22.AccordingtotheTUC,theuseofrobotsandartificialintelligenceshouldresultin______.A.technologicaladvancesB.higherlevelsofproductivityC.benefitsforworkingpeopleD.morewealthofbusinessowners23.Itcanbeinferredthatthewavesoftechnologicaladvances______.A.hadagreatinfluenceonthelaborstructureB.tendedtobemoredamagingthanconstructiveC.weretheoutcomeoftheIndustrialRevolutionD.slowlyraisedtherealincomeofworkingpeople24.WhatcanwelearnabouttheproposalofDavidGauke?A.ItisstronglyopposedbytheTUC.B.Itwillhelptocreatenewtypesofjobs.C.Ithasproducedawidespreadinfluence.D.Itreflectstherealneedsofeconomicgrowth.25.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Technologicalinnovationhascontributedtopeople'swageincreases.B.Thegovernmentplanstodelayretirementage,fromwhich7millionpeoplewillsuffer.C.Theuseofrobotsandartificialintelligenceisonlybeneficialtothenationalprosperity.D.O'Gradyholdsanideathatnewjobsinthefuturemustbeensuredtobeatleastasgoodastoday's.【答案】22.C23.A24.A25.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述英国劳工联合会敦促政府利用技术浪潮来高效推翻延迟退休七年的提案，来为工人阶层谋福利。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“BeforeitsannualcongressinBrighton,theTUCsaidhigherproductivitythankstotechnologicalinnovation(革新)oughttobringgreaterbenefitsforworkingpeople.（在布莱顿举行的年度大会之前，英国劳工联合会表示，技术创新带来的生产力提高应该会给劳动人民带来更大的利益。）”可知，英国劳工联合会认为，机器人和人工智能的使用的结果是应该为工人阶层带来福利。故选C。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，自第一次工业革命以来，曾有过几次技术进步浪潮。在第一次工业革命期间，效率低下的工作被机器取代，或者需要工作的人数减少了。这些进步并没有导致工作岗位的全部流失，但扰乱了人们的工作类型，结合第五段中“In1950,almostoneinthreeworkersworkedinmanufacturing,whileoneintwelveworkedinprofessionalandtechnicalservices.By2016theproportions(比例)hadchangedcompletely,（1950年，几乎三分之一的工人在制造业工作，而十二分之一的工人在专业和技术服务行业工作。到2016年，这一比例完全改变了，）”可以推断出技术进步的浪潮对劳动力结构有很大的影响。故选A。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的前2句“Theincreaseinthestateretirementagebysevenyears,whichwascontroversially(有争议的)broughtforwardbytheWorkandPensionsSecretaryDavidGauke,isexpectedtoaffectabout7millionpeopleintheirlate30sandearly40s.Aswellasreversingtheproposalontheretirementage,theTUCsaidworkersshouldbegiventherighttoamidlifecareerreview,whilefirmsshouldinvestmoreinworkplacetraining.（将法定退休年龄提高7年，这一提议由就业和养老金大臣戴维·高克提出，引起了争议。预计这一举措将影响到大约700万年龄在30岁左右和40岁出头的人。除了撤销关于退休年龄的提案外，英国劳工联合会还表示，应该给予工人在中年时期重新审视职业生涯的权利，而企业应该在工作场所培训方面加大投资。）”可知，DavidGauke提出的延迟退休七年的提案是有争议的，英国劳工联合会认为除了推翻这份提案中有关退休年龄的问题，员工还应该获得中年职业复兴的权利，公司应该在工作场所培训方面投入更多。由此可知，DavidGauke的提案遭到了英国劳工联合会的强烈反对。故选A。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Someoftoday'sjobswillnotsurvive,butnewjobswillbecreated.Wemustmakesurethattomorrow'sjobsarenoworsethantoday's.（今天的一些工作将不复存在，但新的工作将被创造出来。我们必须确保明天的工作不会比今天的差。）”可知，O'Grady认为，未来的新工作必须确保至少和现在一样好。故选D。第二节：七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）Openanappatyoursmartphoneandscanthecodebaronthegarbagecan.Whenyouthrowgarbageintothegarbagecan,itwillshowtheweightofthegarbageandthepointsyoucangetfromdoingso.___26___Itwillbecomemorepopularinthefuture.Yes,wearetalkingaboutthesmartgarbagecan.___27___Theenvironmentalproblemshavebecomeconstantheadachesinthedevelopmentofthosecities.Encouraginggarbageclassificationhasbecomeaneffectiveway.Insomecities,avarietyofmultifunctionalsmartgarbagecansarebeingputintouse.InBeijing,forexample,asmartgarbagecanisequippedwithanLEDscreen,whichnotonlyshowsnationalpoliciesongarbageclassificationbutalsoshowsthecorrectstepsforgarbagesorting.Itcanalsocalculatetheweightofthegarbageandtheaccumulatedpointsonecanget.Theycanbetradedforsomearticlesofdailyuse.___28___Itsbodyisactuallyascreen.ItisequippedwithsomeInternalsensors.Whenpeoplethrowgarbageintoit,theinternalsensorscanautomaticallytellthetypesofthegarbage.Meanwhile,peoplecanseehowtodealwiththem.___29___Garbagedisposalisasmallissuethatinvolveseverybodyeachday.However,itisalsoabigissue.___30___Withsmartgarbagecansinourdailylife,theideaofgarbagesortingwillbecomemoreestablished.OurdreamofbuildingagreenerandmorebeautifulChinawillcometruesolongaswestarttomakesmallchangesrightnow.A.Garbagesortinghasbeenanewfashion.B.Anotherkindofgarbagecanisevensmarter.C.Itisnowonderthatresidentscheeredfortheirpresence.D.Suchawayofhandlinggarbagehasappearedinsomecities.E.ItwillaffectChina’stransformationtowardsgreendevelopment.F.Over200milliontonsofgarbageisproducedeachyearinsomecities.G.Thegoodhabitofgarbageclassificationcanimprovethelivingenvironment.【答案】26.D27.F28.B29.C30.E【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍了智能垃圾桶在城市的试用，并有望得到推广，有助于中国的绿色发展转型。【26题详解】根据上文“Openanappatyoursmartphoneandscanthecodebaronthegarbagecan.Whenyouthrowgarbageintothegarbagecan,itwillshowtheweightofthegarbageandthepointsyoucangetfromdoingso.（在智能手机上打开一个应用程序，扫描垃圾桶上的条形码。当你把垃圾扔进垃圾桶时，它会显示垃圾的重量和你可以从中得到的分数。）”可知，上文谈到了扫码扔垃圾的方式，D项中提到的“Suchawayofhandlinggarbage”与之呼应。故选D。【27题详解】根据下文“Theenvironmentalproblemshavebecomeconstantheadachesinthedevelopmentofthosecities.Encouraginggarbageclassificationhasbecomeaneffectiveway.（环境问题一直是这些城市发展中令人头疼的问题。鼓励垃圾分类已经成为一种有效的方式。）可知，下句提到在城市的发展过程中环境问题成为令人头疼的问题。F项指出了中国的环境问题，即“每年中国的一些城市造成2亿多吨垃圾”。故选F。【28题详解】根据本段首句“Insomecities,avarietyofmultifunctionalsmartgarbagecansarebeingputintouse.（在一些城市，各种多功能智能垃圾桶正在投入使用。）”可知，该段主要讲述两种智能垃圾桶，设空处前介绍了装有LED屏幕的垃圾桶，设空处后介绍了装有感应器的垃圾桶，此