中国文化概论英文版Unit8答案

中国文化概论英文版Unit8答案PAGEPAGE4Unit8ChineseLiteratureWarm-upActivityQuestionsfordiscussion:Lookatthefollowingpictures.TheyareallillustrationsofthefamousstoriesofthefourgreatnovelsofChineseliterature.Doyouknoworcanyoutellanyofthesestories?a.Story1:颐和园长廊上的彩绘：桃园三结义2008-04拍摄，绘画年代大约于19世纪末brothers.Fromthisdayforward,weshalljoinforcesforacommonpurpose,andcometoeachother'saidintimesofcrisis.Weshallavengethenationfromabove,andpacifythecitizenryfrombelow.Weseeknottobebornonthesameday,inthesamemonthandinthesameyear.Wemerelyhopetodieonthesameday,inthesamemonthandinthesameyear.Maythegodsofheavenandearthattesttowhatisinourhearts.Ifweshouldeverdoanythingtobetrayourfriendship,maythegodsinheavenstrikeusdead.Inmanyothertranslations,onlythesectiondealingwith"dyingontheselfsameday"ispresent.However,thethreebrothersdonotdieonthesameday:\o"GuanYu"GuanYuisexecutedby\o"SunQuan"SunQuan,\o"ZhangFei"ZhangFeiisassassinatedbyhisownmenwhomhetreatedwithcruelty,and\o"LiuBei"LiuBeidiesofillnessafterthe\o"BattleofXiaoting"disastrousattemptstoavengeGuanYuandreclaimtheprovinceof\o"Jingprovince"Jing.Theoathinspiredthepresentday\o"Secretsociety"secretsocietiesinChinesecommunities,suchasthe\o"Triadsociety"Triad,touseasimilarritualwhenswearinginnewmembers."Thoughnotbornonthesamedayofthesamemonthinthesameyear,wehopetodieso"—thephrasethethreebrothersmadeduringtheoath—hadalsobecomepopularamongthepresentdaysecretsocietymembers.（392words）(/wiki/Oath_of_the_Peach_Garden)Story2:\o"颐和园"颐和园\o"长廊（尚未撰写）"长廊彩绘中的徐庶荐诸葛（三顾茅庐）故事2008-04拍摄，绘画年代大约于19世纪末ThreeVisitstotheThatchedCottageAftertheyhadbecomeswornbrothersatTaoyuan,LiuBei,GuanYuandZhangFeimadeconcertedeffortstorestoretheHanDynasty.Buttheyfeltthatitwouldbeimpossibletodoitwithoutthehelpofasmartadviser.TheLiu-Guan-ZhangalliancelaterwononebattleafteranotherthankstotheadviceofXuShu.Butbeforelong,XuhadtosurrendertotheopposingcampofCaoCaoinordertosavethelifeofhismotherwhowasabductedbytheCaotroops.Beforeheleft,XuShurecommendedZhugeLiangtothebrothers.AccompaniedbyGuanYuandZhangFei,LiuBeiwenttoWolongganginLongzhonginthehopeofinvitingZhugeLiangtobetheirmilitaryadviser.ButZhuge'sservantsaid:"TheMentorleftinthemorning."LiuBeiaskedtheservanttoforwardtoZhugeLianghismessagethatthebrothershadcometovisithim.Afterthat,Liurodehishorseaway,returninghomesullenly.AfewdayslaterwhenhelearnedthatZhugeLiangwasathome,LiuBeiwentforanothervisitalongwithGuanYuandZhangFei.Theservantsaid:"TheMentorisreadingbooksathisthatchedcottage."Liurequestedtoseehim.WhentheylearnedthattheonereadingbooksatthethatchedcottagewasnotZhugeLianghimselfbuthisbrotherZhugeJun,theLiu-Guan-Zhangbrothersleftalettertoexpresstheiradmirationandthenbravedheavysnowstoreturnhome.NotlongaftertheyreturnedtotheirbarracksatXinye,LiuBeiwantedtovisitZhugeLiang'sthatchedcottageoncemore.ButGuanYudissuadedLiufromgoingbysayingthatperhapsZhugeLiangwasnotassmartasexpectedandthathewassimplydodgingthevisitingbrothersforthat.ZhangFeisaid:"Youdon'tneedtogo.I'lltiehimupandforcehimtocomeandseeyouinstead."LiuBeilostnotimeintellinghisbrothersthestoryofKingWenbentonvisitingoneofhissubjectscalledJiangZiya.Liu,GuanandZhang,therefore,paidathirdvisittoWolonggang.Theyhadnosoonerarrivedthantheservantsaid:"TheMentorissleeping."LiuBeiwaiteduntilZhugeLiangwasawakeanddressed.Finally,heconsentedtoseethebrothers.LiuBeipaidthreevisitstothethatchedcottagewithoutcomplaint.HefinallysucceededininvitingZhugeLiangtobehismilitaryadviserandtohelpthebrothersintheircause.(416words)三顾茅庐《三国演义》中的故事。刘备、关羽、张飞自桃园结义后，虽整天东奔西跑，但因缺少谋士，总觉得恢复汉朝天下无望。后来得徐庶帮助，连打胜仗。徐庶为救母无奈去了曹营。临走推荐了诸葛亮。一日，刘备带关羽、张飞来到隆中卧龙冈，想请诸葛亮出山。小僮说："先生今早出去了。"刘备让僮子转告先生说他来访，然后拉马闷闷不乐地回去了。又过了数日，刘备控得诸葛亮已回家，便同关、张二次来访。僮子说："先生正在草堂看书。"刘备求见后得知不是诸葛亮，而是其弟诸葛钧。于是留下一封信，表达敬慕之情。兄弟三人又冒雪回去了。回到新野不久，刘备想再次去请诸葛亮。关羽劝说："可能诸葛亮没本事，怕见我们。张飞则说：你们别去了，我用绳子捆来。刘备忙讲了当年文王访姜子牙的故事。兄弟三人又第三次来到卧龙冈。他们一到，小僮忙说："先生在睡觉。"刘备一直等到诸葛亮睡醒后更衣相见。刘备不辞劳苦，三顾顾庐，终于请出诸葛亮出山辅佐，共图大业。背景知识：三顾茅庐--成语典故内容和出处明朝三顾茅庐图长廊彩绘故事：三顾茅庐\o"颐和园"颐和园\o"长廊（尚未撰写）"长廊彩绘中的徐庶荐诸葛故事三顾茅庐或三顾草庐是指\o"中国"中国\o"东汉"东汉末年\o"刘备"刘备三次到\o"诸葛亮"诸葛亮住处请他出山辅佐自己的事件。此事件最早见于诸葛亮的《\o"出师表"出师表》，该文提到刘备“三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激”。《\o"三国志"三国志》中对此仅有“凡三往，乃见”的简略记述[1]。《\o"三国演义"三国演义》[2]对此事件进行了扩写。三顾茅庐后来成为形容求贤若渴的\o"成语"成语。\o"建安(汉献帝)"建安十二年（\o"207年"207年）冬至十三年（\o"208年"208年）春，当时驻军\o"新野"新野的\o"刘备"刘备在\o"徐庶"徐庶的建议下，三次到\o"隆中"隆中拜访\o"诸葛亮"诸葛亮。前两次都没见到诸葛亮，第三次终于相见。谈话中，诸葛亮为刘备分析了天下形势，提出先取\o"荆州"荆州为家，再取\o"益州"益州成鼎足之势，继而图取中原的战略构想，这就是著名的《\o"隆中对"隆中对》。三顾茅庐之后，诸葛亮出山成为刘备的军师。刘备集团后来的种种攻略皆本于此。成语典故出处“\o"刘备"先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。”--诸葛亮《\o"前出师表"前出师表》DoyouthinktheTVserialsadaptedfromthesegreatworksmatchtheoriginalverywell?Anydisappointments,regretsorsatisfaction?Whichmediumofliteraturedoyouprefer,audio-videoorpapertext?Pleaseexplainyourreasons.Isitnecessaryforustodistinguishbetweentherealhistoryandthefictionalone?Why?Inwhichrespectsdoesthenovel(orthecharactersofthenovel)haveconnectionwiththecorevaluesoffeudalsocietyofChina?Whichcorevalue(s)has/havebecometheculturallegacyofChinesenation?无答案无答案SectionACulturalTreasuresTask1.略Task2.ProverbsDerivedfromRomanceoftheThreeKingdomsTranslationChineseInterpretationThreeVisitstotheThatchedCottage三顾茅庐torepeatedlyrequestsomebodytotakeuparesponsiblepostRecklessnessleadstothelosingofJingzhou大意失荆州sufferamajorsetbackasaresultofnegligence；failedbecauseofcarelessness.Carelessnessleadstofailure.Therelationshipbetweenahusbandandawifeislikeapieceofgarment;ifthegarmentistorn,itcanbemended.Therelationshipbetweentwobrothersislikealimb;ifalimbisbroken,itcannotberepaired.夫妻如衣服,兄弟如手足Itismucheasierforahusbandandhiswifetoreconcileafteraquarrelbutthatismuchharderinthecaseoftwosiblings.LiuBei"borrows"Jingzhou–borrowingwithoutreturning.刘备借荆州—有借无还Therearesomepeoplewhoborrowthingsfromyouanddonotreturnthem.SpeakofCaoCaoandCaoCaoarrives;Speakofthedevil.说曹操，曹操到

说曹操曹操就到Equivalentto\o"Speakofthedevil"speakofthedevil,whensomeonewhoisbeingspokenaboutappears.Threereekingtanners(areenoughto)overcomeoneZhugeLiang.三个臭皮匠,胜过一个诸葛亮Threeinferiorpeoplecanoverpowerasuperiorpersonwhentheycombinetheirstrength.Losingyourwifeandyourarmy.赔了夫人又折兵Makingdoublelossesinadealorlosingonbothsidesofit.EasternWuarrangesforamarriagethatturnsfromfakeintoreal.东吴招亲——弄假成真Puttingonashow(todeceivesomeone)buttheeventsinthe"show"becomerealityunexpectedly.Theyoungshouldn'treadWaterMarginwhiletheoldshouldn'treadThreeKingdoms少不读水滸,老不读三國Theformerdepictsthelivesofoutlawsandtheirdefianceofthesocialsystem,andmayhaveanegativeinfluenceonyoungboys.Thelatterpresentseverymannerofstratagemandfraud,whichisthoughttopotentiallytempttheolderreaders.ADouthatcannotbeheldup扶不起的阿斗Sb.thatcanneverbecomeanoutstandingpersonevenwiththestrongsupportofotherpeopleI'dratherletothersdownthantoallowotherstoletmedown;Bettertowrongtheworldthanhaveitwrongme宁我负人，毋人负我；宁教我負天下人，休教天下人負我Doanythingpossibletootherstofulfillone’sambitionnomatterwhatmeanstouseOathofthePeach桃园结义PeoplevowtounitetogetherinprivateforacommongoalLongdividedmustunite,longunitedmustdivide分久必合，合久必分Aninevitablelawforthingstodevelop,unitedordivided;alsoimplyingthatthingstendtochangeafterlongUsingstrawboatstoborrowarrows草船借箭Applyone’sbrainandintellectratherthanactrecklesslytoovercomedifficultiesIenjoylifehereanddonotthinkofShuatall.\o"乐不思蜀"乐不思蜀；此间乐，不思蜀Sb.indulge/enjoyoneselfindoingsth.toomuchtoreturntonormalorshould-belifeTakingfivepassesandkillingsixgenerals过五关斩六将Overcomemanydifficultiesatastretchbywit,bravery,loyaltyRidingaloneforthousandsofmiles千里走单骑Accomplishanachievementalonebywit,bravery,beliefAllisreadyexcepteastwind万事具备，只欠东风Allisreadyexceptwhatiscrucial;Manproposes,GoddisposesZhouYubeatsHuangGai—Oneiswillingtobeat,andtheotheriswillingtosuffer.周瑜打黄盖，一个愿打，一个愿挨Awonderfulcaseofoneofthe36stratagems“deceivingtheenemybytorturingone'sownman”,alsoexpressedas“winningthetrustbyinjuringone’sownbody”歇后语：atwo-partallegoricalsaying,ofwhichthefirstpart,alwaysstated,isdescriptive,whilethesecondpart,sometimesunstated,carriesthemessage.百科词典以下结果来自爱词霸汉语歇后语是中国人民在生活实践中创造的一种特殊语言形式，是一种短小、风趣、形象的语句。它由前后两部分组成：前一部分起“引子”作用，像谜语，后一部分起“后衬”的作用，像谜底，十分自然贴切。在一定的语言环境中，通常说出前半截，“歇”去后半截，就可以领会和猜想出它的本意，所以就称为歇后语。基本概念歇后语是俗语的一种，多为群众熟悉的语言。俗语包括谚语、熟语和歇后语三种形式，歇后语形式上是半截话，采用这种手法制作的联语就是“歇后语”。歇后语是中国人民在生活实践中创造的一种特殊语言形式。它一般由两个部分组成，前半截是形象的比喻，像谜面，后半截是解释、说明，像谜底，十分自然贴切。在一定的语言环境中，通常说出前半截，“歇”去后半截，就可以领会和猜想出它的本意，所以称它为歇后语。

歇后语具有鲜明的民族特色，浓郁的生活气息幽默风趣，耐人寻味，为广大人民所喜闻乐见。Task3.Questionsfordiscussion此题无答案:此题无答案SectionBCulturalKnowledgeCardingTask1.ReadthefollowingpassageasasummaryofChineseliteraturebeforelateQingDynasty.Task2.WritedowntheChineseequivalentstothefollowingwordsortermsunderlinedinthepassage.(明朝)theMingDynasty(木板印刷)\o"Woodblockprinting"woodblockprinting(唐朝)\o"TangDynasty"TangDynasty(活字印刷)\o"Movabletype"movabletype\o"Printing"printing(宋朝)\o"SongDynasty"SongDynasty(白话文学)\o"VernacularChinese"baihualiterature(古典文学)classicalliterature(东周王朝)\o"Zhoudynasty"EasternZhouDynasty(《易经》)\o"IChing"IChing(伏羲)\o"FuXi"FuXi(《诗经》)The\o"ClassicofPoetry"ClassicofPoetry(《礼记》)TheRecordofRites(《春秋》编年史)The\o"SpringandAutumnAnnals"SpringandAutumnAnnals(《论语》)The\o"AnalectsofConfucius"AnalectsofConfucius(《淮南子》)\o"Huainanzi"Huainanzi(道教)\o"Taoism"Taoism(诸子百家)the\o"HundredSchoolsofThought"HundredSchoolsofThought(战国时期)the\o"WarringStatesPeriod"WarringStatesPeriod(春秋时期)\o"SpringandAutumnPeriod"SpringandAutumnperiods(《石钟山记》)\o"SuShi"RecordofStoneBellMountain(白话小说)\o"Vernacular"VernacularfictionTask3.Fillintheblankwiththeauthorand/orthebooktitleofthefollowinggreatworksofChineseliterature:EightGreatLiteraryMastersoftheTangandSong(\o"TangDynasty"TangDynastyand\o"SongDynasty"SongDynasty)(唐宋八大家):(韩愈);(柳宗元);(欧阳修);(苏辙);(苏轼);(苏洵);(王安石);(曾巩).ClassicNovels:（聊斋志异）\o"StrangeStoriesfromaChineseStudio"StrangeStoriesfromaChineseStudioby(蒲松龄)\o"PuSongling";（金瓶梅）ThePlumintheGoldenVaseby(兰陵笑笑生);（封神演义）TheInvestitureoftheGodsby(陈仲琳或许仲琳);（醒世姻缘传）TheStoryofaMaritalFatetoAwakentheWorldby(西周生);（儒林外史）TheScholarsby(吴敬梓);（东周列国志）\o"TheRomanceoftheEasternZhou(pagedoesnotexist)"TheRomanceoftheEasternZhouby(冯梦龙),editedby（蔡元放）;ClassicDramas:（西厢记）\o"RomanceoftheWestChamber"RomanceoftheWestChamberby(王实甫);（窦娥冤）\o"TheInjusticetoDouE"TheInjusticetoDouEby(关汉卿);（玉簪记）Yuzanjiby(高濂);（灰兰记）\o"CircleofChalk"HuiLanJiby(李行道);（牡丹亭）\o"ThePeonyPavilion"ThePeonyPavilionby(汤显祖);Task4.ReadthefollowingpoemcarefullyandwritedowntheoriginalChineselines.DrinkingAlonebyMoonlight(月下独酌,pinyin:YuèXiàDúZhuó)Translatedby\o"ArthurWaley"ArthurWaley举杯邀明月，Apotofwine,underthefloweringtrees; 独酌无相亲。Idrinkalone,fornofriendisnear.举杯邀明月，RaisingmycupIbeckonthebrightmoon,对影成三人。Forher,withmyshadow,willmakethreepeople.月既不解饮，Themoon,alas,isnodrinkerofwine;影徒随我身。Listless,myshadowcreepsaboutatmyside.暂伴月将影，Yetwiththemoonasfriendandtheshadowasslave行乐须及春。ImustmakemerrybeforetheSpringisspent.我歌月徘徊，TothesongsIsingthemoonflickersherbeams;我舞影零乱。InthedanceIweavemyshadowtanglesandbreaks.醒时同交欢，Whileweweresober,threesharedthefun;醉后各分散。Nowwearedrunk,eachgoestheirway.永结无情游，Maywelongshareoureternalfriendship,相期邈云汉。Andmeetatlastontheparadise.Task5.Questionfordiscussion:此题未给答案此题未给答案SectionCLegendTimeTask1.Task2.Questionfordiscussion.Task3.Task4.Questionfordiscussion.此题无答案SectionD.此题无答案Task1.TranslatetheaboveunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.1.ThelateQingwasaperiodofintellectualfermentsparkedbyasenseofnationalcrisis.IntellectualsbegantoseeksolutionstoChina'sproblemsoutsideofitsowntradition.译文：晚清是一个由民族危机所激发的知识界骚动不安的时期。知识分子开始在国家传统范畴之外去寻求国家问题的解决之道。2.ThelateQingalsosawa"revolutioninpoetry"(诗界革命),whichpromotedexperimentationwithnewformsandtheincorporationofnewregistersoflanguage.译文：晚清也经历了一场“诗界革命”，它促成了语言新形式的实验和新语域的生成。3.ThesepoetswouldbecometheobjectsofscornbyNewCulturalistslike\o"HuShi"HuShi,whosawtheirworkasoverlyallusive,artificial,anddivorcedfromcontemporaryreality.译文：这些诗人将受到胡适这