2019上海虹口区高三二模英语及答案

虹口区2018学年度第二学期期中教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷2019.4考生注意：.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上律不得分。.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA.youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Atanairport.Onaplane.Onabus.Inadepartmentstore.A.Heissufferingapainintheneck.Hisroommatewalksinhissleep.Hisroommate'sbedisalwaysinamess.Hedoesn'tlikesharingaroomwithanyone.A.Thewomanwasfullyabsorbedinthemovie.Thewomanlostherwaytothecinemathatevening.Thewomancouldn'tunderstandthemovieverywell.Themoviewasnobetterthanwhatthewomanhadimagined.A.S160. B.S50. C.S120. D.SI50.A.Hereallylikeshiswife'snewhairstyle.Hiswifedidn'ttakehissensibleadvice.Hedidn'twanttocuthiswife'slonghair.HiswifeoftencomplainsabouteverythingA.Puzzled. B.Regretful. C.Angry. D.Relieved.A.Ajoboffer.Anentryform.Anexcellentresume.Thepositionofsystemengineer.A.Mr.JamestalksalotaboutgardeningMr.Jameslikesboastingofhiscleverness.ThewomanisnotinterestedinwhatMr.Jamessays.Mr.Jamesisn'tverystraightforwardinwhathesays.A.TheelderlyareexpertatusingappsTheelderlydon'tknowhowtouseapps,Theelderlycanhelptodevelopsmartapps.Theappdeveloperscan'taffordtoignoretheelderly.A.Mr.Johnson'sideasarenonsense.HequiteagreeswithMr.Johnson'sviews.Hehashisownopinionsonsocialwelfare.Mr.Johnsonisskillfulinexpressinghisideas.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice.butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Inmulti-culturalcountries.Indevelopingcountries.Indevelopedcountries.Indensely-populatedcountries.A.Lackofcommunicationfacilities.Temporaryshelter.Powerfailure.Noaccesstorecreation.A.Featuresofdifferenttypesofpoverty.Approachestopovertyelimination.Changesinthreepovertycategories.Waystocalculatethepovertyline.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Becauseofthecoursematerials.Becauseofthediscussiontopics.Becauseofothers'misuseoftechnology.Becauseofarulethespeakermadeforhisclass.A.Thespeaker'shistoryclassreceivedlowassessment.Thestudentsthinkhighlyofthespeaker'shistoryclass.Thespeakermadetherulebecausehewasagainsttechnology.ThespeakermadetherulejustbecauseofhisunpleasantexperiencesA.Itmayimproveteachingandoffermorehelp.Itmayallowstudentstogetonwellwitheach,other.Itmaydistractstudentsfrombeinginvolvedinclass.Itmayhelpstudentstobetterunderstandcomplexthemes.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.A.Shebumpedintoacoffeetable.Shechattedwiththecafeowner.Shetalkedwithsomeonesheknew.Shewaslisteningtoalivelydebate.A.Newspapersweregivenouttocustomers.Anentrancefeewaschargedforgettingin.Itwasthemeetingplacefordebatingclubs.ItwasfirststartedinOxfordinthe16thcentury.A.Partlyright.Extremelyinteresting.Veryunfair.DAbitunreasonableA.Byprovidingfreelaptopsforuse.Bymakingsofascomfortabletositon.Byengagingtheminstimulatingconversation.Bytransportingcustomerstovariousdestinations.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.TheBestWayofLosingWeightForgetwhattheskinnymoviestarsandtheTVadvertssay-losingweightishardwork.(21)youdoitthroughexercise,diet,orabitofboth,it'sextremelychallengingtolosethosepoundsandthentokeepthemoff.Sometimesitcaninvolve(22)(change)hugepartsofyourday-to-daylifeanditcanmeanbreakingdecades-oldhabits.Butittumsoutthere'sonelittlethingyou(23)dotohelpyouachieveyourgoalandit'sgotnothingtodowithfoodorexercise.TheexpertsatWeightWatchersdidresearchwhichshowsmanyoftheirmembersweremoresuccessfuland(24)(discouraged)whentheysharedregularupdatesontheirnewhealthylifestyleonline.Theyfoundpeoplewhosharedadiaryoftheirdailyliveswithfriendsandfollowerswerestimulatedandinspiredbypositivefeedback(25)theylostsomepoundsandkeptthemoff.Morethan50percentofpeoplesaidthesupportofaweightlosscommunitywascrucialwhenitcame(26)changingtheireatinghabitsand53percentsharedphotosoftheirmealsonsocialmedia.Withthisknowledgeundertheirbelts,WeightWatchers(27)(launch)aseriesofshortfilmslatelywhichshowpeoplerecordingtheirdailyweightlossjourney.OneofthememberswhosharedherjourneywasDanielleDuggins,andhervideoshowsherenjoyingarangeofhealthymealsandafewtreats,while(28)(play)withherchildren.Thecompany'smarketingdirectorClaudiaNichollssaid:Thesupportofacommunityhasalwaysprovedtobeaneffectivewayofformingandsustaininghealthyhabits,buttherehasneverbeenaneasierormoreaffordableway(29)(tap)intothepowerofthecrowdforsupportandinspirationwiththeexplosionofonlinecommunities.WeightWatchersownsasocialcommunityformembers,Connect,seesover14,000dailypostsintheUKalone,andprovidesourmemberswithinstantaccesstoacommunityofpeoplewhoareonsimilarjourneystothem.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.scale B.engaged C. disastrous D.hotspotsE.target F. victim G. interwoven H. inevitableI.continuous J. resolve K. riskyWhyBikeTheftIsNotTakenSeriously?Formanypeopleabicycleistheonlytransporttheycanaffordanditisveryconvenientforthemtouse.Therefore,theimpactofthelossoftheirbikecanbe(31).Butwhyiscycletheftsooftenseenasaminorcrime?Accordingtothepolice,96210bikeswerestolenin2018,andaboutonein50bicycle-owninghouseholdsfall(32)tocyclethefteachyear.Thosewhocanaffordasecondbikemighthaveabeater"s.acheapbiketheyleavein(33)areas,andcanaffordtolosebutthosewhocannotmakebothendsmeet,andlivebelowthepovertylinewillfindthemselvescorneredbybiketheft.AccordingtoasurveyforBikeRegister,50%ofvictimsfeltpolicedidn'tinvestigatethecrime,whilethose(34)incycletheftseeitas1owriskintermsofbeingcaught.Policerecoverjust3%ofstolenbikes.Infact,theproblemisalmostcertainlymuchgreater:Peopleoftendon'treportitthinkingthere'snothingthepolicecando,sothefull(35)oftheproblemremainshidden.CyclecrimehotspotswereidentifiedasCambridge,Oxford,Southampton,Bristol,etc.Mostcycletheftsoccurnearorinpeople'shomes,butthievesalso(36)transporthubs(中心，枢纽)anduniversitycampuses.Inthemeantime,thepolicehavecomeupwithawayto(37)theissue.Training23officersinregionalcyclecrimetaskforcesispartofanationalcyclecrimestrategy.(38)withmeasureslikeeducationonsafelockingtechniques,workingwithwebsiteswheremorethanhalfofstolenbikesaresold,andidentifyingcycletheft(39)andpriorities.Ifabikeisstolen,thereisabouta20%chancethevictimwillnotreplaceit,losingtheirtransport,exercise,andpotentialaccesstolocalcommunitiesandservice.Itiswidelyacceptedthatpolice's(40)effortisfundamentaltoadropincycletheft.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Technologyisplayingavitalroleinpreservationandecologyresearch.Drones(无人机)holdhuge(41)inthefighttosavetheworld'sremainingwildlifefromextinction.Soresearcherscannowtrackwildanimalsthroughdenseforestsandmonitorwhalesinvastoceans.It'sestimatedthatuptofivelivingspeciesbecomeextincteveryday,makingiturgentthatuniversitiesdevelopnewtechnologiestocapturethedatathatcanpersuade(42)toact.TheBritishInternationalEducationAssociationhostedaconferenceinJanuaryto(43)theimportanceoftechnologicalsolutionsinprotectingvulnerable(易受伤害的)speciesandecosystems.Speakersunderlinedhowtechnologycanhelp(44):dronescancirclehighabovetheoceantospotwhales,whilecertaincamerascanidentifymembersofanindividualspecies.AccordingtoClaudioSillero,biologyprofessoratOxfordUniversity,technologyischanginghowpreservationresearchisdonebutit'sina(n)(45)way,Astechnologygetsbetterandcheaper,researchersbecomebetteratdoingwhattheywerealreadydoing.(46),remotesensingusedtobeaverytechnicaltoolbutisnowwidespread,andeveryoneusesglobalpositioningsystem(GPS)forsurveying.Butteachingpreservationandecologycoursesinuniversityandecologycoursesinuniversity(47).Someteachdronesurveyingmethodsindepthwhileothersdon,tevenmentionthem.“Thefactis,usingdronesisquitea(n)(48)totheinterdisciplinary(跨科学的)unknownofengineering,andpotentiallyanareawherelecturersmaynotfeelconfidenttoteachyet,SergeWich,anexpertinprimatebiologysays.Studentsaretaughtabout(49)technologiessuchas.automaticsoundrecorders,butdronesareoftenmissingfromuniversityteaching.Consequently,droneuseamongresearchersisstillfairly(50)andfocusedongettingphotos.Wich'steamofresearchersusedtechniquestodevelopafullyautomateddronetechnologysystemthat(51)andmonitorsthehealthofendangeredanimalsglobally.It'sdesignedtobecheap,stableandsimpletouse,sothat.localcommunitiesindevelopingcountriescanoperateit(52)withouttechnicalbackground.Yetit'snotmorewidelyusedonthegroundsofresearchers"lackofskillstousethistechnologyInbiology,wheredronesareused,fewcanprogramanalgorithm(算法)specificallyfortheirpreservationorresearchproblem.There'smuchthatneedstobedoneto(53)thosetwoworldsandtomakeAImoreuser-friendlysothatpeoplewhocan'tprogramcanstillusethetechnology."Wichsays.(54),thesadtruthisthatbettertechnologyalonewillnotsaveanymorespeciesfromdyingout,Greengrasswarns.Ashumanpopulationsincrease,sodothreatsandpressureonwildplaces.Preservationistsare(55)fornotdoingenoughbutit's.oftenanissueofpeople,conflictandgovernance.Technologymayhelpprovidefargreaterknowledge.butgovernmentsstillneedtoact.41.A.shortageB.threatsC.potentialD.responsibilities42.A.researchersB.authoritiesC.opponentsD.professionals43.A.highlightB.overlookC.assessD.calculate44.A.educationB.preparationC.preservationD.distinction45A.evolutionaryB.flexibleC.virtualD.dramatic46.A.AsaresultB.InconclusionC.OnthecontraryD.Forexample47.A.differsB.equalsC.multipliesD.struggles48.A.obstacleB.leapC.equivalentD.exception49.A.ill-intentionedB.fully-preparedC.well-establishedD.narrowly-applied50.A.definiteB.vagueC.simpleD.limited51.A.controlsB.tracksC.supervisesD.improves52.A.earnestlyB.independentlyC.secretlyD.impersonally53.A.bridgeB.fixC.dismissD.grasp54.A.ThereforeB.MoreoverC.HoweverD.Otherwise55.A.firedB.insultedC.qualifiedD.criticizedSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread,(A)ADifferentKindofSpringBreakFormanyAmericanuniversitystudents,theweek-longspringbreakholidaymeansanendlesspartonasunnybeachinFloridaorMexico.InPanamaCityBeach,'Florida,acitywithapermanentpopulationofapproximately36.000morethanhalfamillionuniversitystudentsarriveduringthemonthofMarchtoplayandparty.makingitthenumberonespringbreakdestinationintheUnitedStates.Aweek-longdrinkingbingeisnotforeveryone,however,andagrowingnumberofAmericanuniversitystudentshavefoundawaytomakespringbreakmatter.Forthem,joiningorleadingagroupofvolunteerstotravellocallyorinternationallyandworktoaddressproblemssuchaspoverty,homelessness,orenvironmentaldamagemakesspringbreakauniquelearningexperiencethatuniversitystudentscanfeelgoodat.Duringonespringbreakweek,studentsatJamesMadisonUniversityinVirginiaparticipatedin15alternativespringbreaktripstonearbystates,threeotherstomoredistantpartsoftheUnitedStates,andfiveinternationaltrips.OnegroupofJMUstudentstraveledtoBogalusa,Louisiana,tohelprebuildhomesdamagedbyHurricaneKatrina.AnothergrouptraveledtoMississippitoorganizecreativeactivitiesforchildrenlivinginahomelessshelter.OnegroupofstudentsdidgotoFlorida,butnottolieonthesand.TheyperformedexhaustingphysicallaborsuchasmaintainingrovinginvasiveplantspeciesthatthreatenthenativeFloridaecosystem.Studentswhoparticipateinalternativespringbreakprojectsfindthemveryrewarding.Whilemostuniversitystudentshavetogettheirdegreesbeforetheycanstarthelpingpeople,studentvolunteersare.abletohelppeoplenow.Ontheotherhand,theaccommodationsarefarfromglamorous.Studentsoftensleeponthefloorofaschoolorchurch,orspendtheweekcampingintents.Butstudentsonlypayaround$250formealsandtransportation,whichismuchlessthansomeoftheirpeersspendtotraveltomoretraditionalspringbreakhotspot.HowmanyuniversitystudentstraveltoPanamaBeachCityeveryMarchforspringbreak?Around36.000.Around50.000Around00.000Around10,000.

Theunderlinedbingewordbingeinparagraph2probablymeans.doingtoomuchofsomethingstudyingfortoolongrefusingtodosomethinghavingverylittlealcoholWhichofthefollowinggivesthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?OnegroupofJMUstudentsworkedonhomesdamagedbyahurricane.Childrenlivinginhomelesssheltersenjoycreativeactivities.Somestudentsworktohelptheenvironmentonalternativespringbreaktrips.Universitystudentsdodifferenttypesofworkonalternativespringbreaktrips.Whatisimpliedinthisarticleisthat.universitystudentsspendmorethan$250fortraditionalspringbreaktripsuniversitystudentscomplainabouttheaccommodationsonalternativespringbreaktripsuniversitystudentsmaytakefeweralternativespringbreaktripsinthefutureuniversitystudentswouldprefertowaituntiltheyhavetheirdegreestostarthelpingpeople（B）Cropping（修剪）anImageWiththeSnapShotProgramWelcometotheworldofphoto-editing!Croppinganimageallowsyoutozeroinon（对准）justtheportionthatisimportanttoyourproject.Forexample,youmaywanttoinsertanimageofacoveredtraininareportbutmaynotwanttoincludethewholetrain.Croppingtheimageallowsyoutoselectonlythesmallareayouwishtoretain（保留）andeliminateallotherportionsoftheoriginalpicture.Option1:CroppingbyPlacingtheImageinaShapeUsingoneofSnapShot'sstandardshapesasaphoto-editingtoolrequiresnospecialabilities.Tocropanimagewithastandardshape:ScrtmShot!ClickCropping&OrientationfromtheEffectsmenu.Clicktoselectoneofthesixshapestoframeyourimage.onUsethemousepointertodrawaframearoundtheportionoftheimageyouwishtoretain.Re-sizetheframebydraggingtheshape'ssizinghandles.Whenyouaresatisfiedwiththeresults,clickCutIt.SnapShotwillautomaticallyreturntotheprojectthatisopen.（Youmayalsocopyorcutthecroppedimageandpasteitintoanotherapplication.）Option2:FreehandCroppingofanImage姆-rwn 2Ifyouwanttotracetheshapeofanobjectinordertocropouteverythingelse,freehandcroppingisthewaytogo.Tocropanimagefreehand:姆-rwn 2ClickFreehandCropfromtheCropping&OrientationoptionontheEffectsmenu.Usingthemousepointer,tracearoundtheshapeyouwanttocrop.Besuretocompletelyenclosetheimagebyendingatthesameplaceyoubeganoutlining.ClickCutIt.SnapShotwillautomaticallyreturntotheprojectthatisopen.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.describethefeaturesofSnapShotexplainhowtouseSnapShottoselectsectionsofapictureshowthatSnapShotisaneasytooltousediscusshowtousethefeaturesofSnapShotToperformOption2,oneshouldfirst.selecttheimageusethemousepointertodrawaframeselectCropping&OrientationfromtheEffectsmenure-sizetheframebydraggingthesizinghandlesontheshape62.Whyisfreehandcroppingdiscussedaftercroppingwithshapes?Tointroduceasimplertechniquebeforemovingontoamorecomplexone.Toproceedfromamoreusefultechniquetoonewithfewerpracticalapplications.ToordertheoptionsalphabeticallyToarrangethetext,makingspaceforthescreenshots.(C)WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?TheAmericanSocietyofNewspaperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theorganizationisdeepintoalongself-analysisknownasthejournalismcredibilityproject.Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofhead-scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.Butthesourcesofdistrustgowaydeeper.Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworldthroughasetofstandardpatternsintowhichtheyreporteachday'sevents.Inotherwords,thereisatraditionalstorylineinthenewsroomculturethatprovidesabackboneandaready-madenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusingnews.Thereexistsasocialandculturaldisconnectbetweenjournalistsandtheirreaders,whichhelpsexplainwhythestandardpatternsofthenewsroomseemforeigntomanyreaders.Inarecentsurvey,questionnairesweresenttoreportersinfivemiddle-sizecitiesaroundthecountry,plusonelargemetropolitanarea.Thenresidents,inthesecommunitieswerephonedatrandomandaskedthesamequestions.RepliesshowthatcomparedwithotherAmericans,journalistsaremorelikelytoliveinupscaleneighborhoods,have.maids,ownMercedeses,andtradestocks,andthey'relesslikelytogotochurch,dovolunteerwork,orputdownrootsinacommunity.Reporterstendtobepartofabroadlydefinedsocialandcultural61立储青英)，sotheirworktendstoreflectthetraditionalvaluesofthiselite.Thealarmingdistrustofthenewsmediaisn’trootedininaccuracyorpoorreportorialskillsbutinthedailyconflictofworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders.Thisisanexplosivesituationforanyindustry,particularlyadecliningone.Hereisatroubledbusinessthatkeepshiringemployeeswhoseattitudesvastlyannoythecustomers.Thenitsponsorslotsofsymposiums（讨论会）andacredibilityprojectdevotedtowonderingwhycustomersareannoyedandfleeinginlargenumbers,Butitneverseemstogetaroundtonoticingtheculturalandclassprejudicesthatsomanyformerbuyersarecomplainingabout.Ifit.did,itwouldopenupitsdiversityprogram,nowfocusednarrowlyonraceandgender,andlookforreporterswhodifferbroadlybyoutlook,values,education,andclass.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Needsofthereadersallovertheworld.Causesofthepublicdisappointmentaboutnewspapers.Originsofthedecliningnewspaperindustry.Aimsofajournalismcredibilityproject.TheresultsofthejournalismcredibilityprojectturnedouttobeA.quitetrustworthysomewhatconflictingveryinformativerathershallowThebasicproblemofjournalistsaspointedoutbythewriterliesintheir_A.workingattitude B.traditionallifestyleC.worldoutlook D.educationalbackgroundDespiteitsefforts,thenewspaperindustrystillcannotsatisfythereadersowingtoitsA.failuretorealizeitsrealproblemtendencytohireannoyingreporterslikelinesstodoinaccuratereportingD.prejudiceinmattersofraceandgenderSectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Hence,anyconcernsaboutwethairaretheoretical.Insomecases,wethairmayactuallybeahelpfulsleepaid.Overtime,itcanleadtobreakages,aswellasalossofshine.Theremaybesomemildrisksassociatedwithgoingtobedwithwethair.Anotherwet-hairrumor（谣传）istheideathatharmfulbacteriawillcolonizeyourpillow.Thisideaseemstofitintotheoldbitofcustomthatgettingyourselfchilledandwetwillcauseyoutocomedownwithacold.Ifyoushowerbeforebed,you'veprobablywonderedwhethersleepingwithdamphairisaproblem.Maybeyouvehearditcouldmakeyousick,orthatitcandamageyourhairorskin.What'sthetruth?Let'saddresstheitcanmakeyousickmythfirst.“（67）”saysDr.WilliamSchaffner,aprofessorofmedicine.Whilethisideapersists,Schaffnersaysitwaslongagodisproved.It'struethatyou’remuchmorelikelytocatchacommoncoldduringthewintermonths.Butthishastodowiththewaysrespiratory（呼吸的）virusesspread,hesays.（68）illness-causingbacteriaandvirusesdon'tappearnaturally,and.soyourenotgoingtomakeyourselfillbygettingyourpillowalittledampatnight,Schaffnersays.Butthereisapossibleexception.Someresearchhasshownthatpillowsespeciallythosemadewithsyntheticmaterialscancontainasthma-orallergy-triggeringmolds（哮喘或致敏菌）andfungus,whichtendtodowellindampenvironments,andsododustmites,saysDr.PayelGupta,aspokespersonfortheAmericanLungAssociation.Guptasaysthere'snoevidencethatpeoplewhosleepwithwethairexperiencemoreallergyorasthmasymptoms.（69）Butifyouwakeupwithastuffynose,itchyorwateryeyes,breathingproblemsorotherallergyorasthmasymptoms-orevenifyoudon'tyoushouldwashyourpillowcasesandsheetsinhotwateratleastonceaweektoreduceyourexposuretoanypotentialirritants（刺激物）.When.itcomestothehealthofyourhairandskin,theremaybeafewotherreasonstoworryaboutwethair.Generally,it'sthoughtnottobegoodforhairtosleepwithitwet,"saysDr.GeorgeCotsarelis,aprofessorofdermatology（皮肤病学）,（70）"It'salsoworthnotingthatalmostanythingyoudotoyourhairfrombrushingandblow-dryingittocoloringitorexposingittothesumcandamageit.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Whatcomesfirst:theoptimismorthegoodhealth?Optimism,definedasthegeneralexpectationthatthefuturewillbefavorable,couldprovidewaystoimprovehealth,someresearchersbelieve.Butscientistsremainunsureifoptimismgoes.aheadofhealthimprovements,orviceversa.Arecentstudysuggeststhatmostpeoplecan'thelpbuttothinkoptimistically.ThisstudywasconductedbyEdoBrien,asocialpsychologistattheUniversityofMichiganinAnnArbor.Thefindingssuggestthatpeoplehaveanaturaltendencytothinkpositivelyabouttheirfuture.Participantswereaskedtocreatealistofimaginarypersonalexperiencesthatwouldmakethemhappyorunhappyoverthecourseofthenextyear.Theythenrankedhowdifficultitwastoplanthatlistandhowhappytheybelievedtheywouldbeinthefutureoverall.Theeasier.itwasforpeopletothinkofpositivefutureexperiences,thehappiertheyimaginedtheywouldbe.However,therewasnorelationshipbetweeneasilydevelopingnegativefutureexperiencesandexpectingtobeunhappyasaresult.O'Brienconcludedthatpeopleseemtodiscountthepossibilitythatfuturenegativeeventswillmakethemhappyoverall,suggestingthatoptimismmightcomemo