2015年职称英语考试综合类阅读理解模拟试题

第4部分：阅读理解（第31〜45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面都有4个选

项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选

择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

弟扁

NaturalMedicines

Sinceearliestdays,humanshaveusedsomekindsof

medicines.Weknowthisbecausehumanshavesurvived.Ancient

treatmentsforinjuryanddiseaseweresuccessfulenoughto

keephumansfromdyingoutcompletely.

Theyweresuccessfullongbeforethetimeofmodern

medicine.Beforethetimeofdoctorswithwhitecoatsandshiny

（发亮的）instruments.Beforethetimeofbighospitalswith

strangeandwonderfulequipment.

Manypartsoftheworldstilldonothave

university-educateddoctors.Nordotheyhaveexpensive

hospitals.Yetinjuriesaretreated.Anddiseasesareoften

cured.How?Byancientmethods.Bymedicinesthatmightseem

mysterious,evenmagical（有魔力的）.Traditionalmedicinesare

neithermysteriousnormagical,however.

Throughthecenturies,tribal（部落的）medicinemen

experimentedwithplants.Theyfoundmanyusefulchemicalsin

theplants.Andscientistsbelievemanyofthesetraditional

medicinesmayprovidethecureforsomeoftoday'smostserious

diseases.

Expertssayalmost80%ofthepeopleintheworlduseplants

forhealthcare.Thesenaturalmedicinesareusednotjust

becausepeoplehavenootherformoftreatment.Theyareused

becausepeopletrustthem.Indevelopedareas,fewpeoplethink

aboutthesourceofthemedicinestheybuyinastore.Yetmany

widely-usedmedicinesarefromancientsources,especially

plants.Someexpertssaymorethan25%ofmodernmedicinescome,

inonewayoranother,fromnature.

Scientistshavelongknownthatnatureisreallyachemical

factory.All1ivingthingscontainchemicalsthathelpthem

survive.Soscientists，interestintraditionalmedicineisnot

new.Butithasbecomeanurgentconcern.Thisisbecausethe

earth'ssupplyofnaturalmedicinesmaybedroppingrapidly.

1Thepassageindicatesthatancienttreatmentsforinjury

anddiseasewere

Amuchmoresuccessfulthanmodemones.

Bsuccessfulenoughforhumanstosurvive.

Csuccessfulinallcases.

Doflittlehelptohumans.

2WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

AModernmedicinesarenowavailableallovertheworld.

BManybigandmodemhospitalsareexpensive.

CTraditionalmedicinesareneithermysteriousnor

magical.

DHumanshaveusedsomekindsofmedicinessinceearliest

days.

3Itisbelievedbyscientiststhattraditionalmedicines

Acancureallkindsofdiseases.

Bmaycuresomeoftoday'smostseriousdiseases

Carenolongerusefulformodemmen.

Daretoocheaptobeuseful.

4Whatdothemajorityofthepeopleintheworldusefor

healthcare?

AStrangeandwonderfulequipment.

BFactory-producedchemicals.

CModernmedicines.

DPlants.

5Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethattheearth,ssupply

ofnaturalmedicines

Amayneverbeexhausted.

Bmaybedroppingrapidly.

Cissurprisinglybig.

Disasrichasever.

参考答案：

31.B32.A33.B34.D35.B

笛——笆

MemoryClass

StanFieldknowswhatagecandotoaperson'smemory,and

he'snottakinganychanceswithhis.Hechooseshisfood

carefullyandgetsplentyofexercise.Healsoavoidsstress,

cocacolaandcigarettesmoke.What'smore,atbreakfasteach

morning,the69-year-oldchemicalengineerswallowsaplateful

ofpillsinthehopeofboostinghisbrainpower.

MichelleAmoveislessthanhalfField;sage,butnoless

concernedabouther

memory.Whileworkingroundtheclocktofinishadegree

infilmstudies,the33-year-oldNewYorkerhadthealarming

sensationthatshehadstoppedretaininganything."Icouldn't

evenremembernames,“shesays."1thought,'Ohno,I'mover

30.It'salldownhillfromhere'."Besidesloadingupon

supplements,Arnovesignedupforamemory-enhancingcourseat

NewYork'sMountSianiMedicalCenter.Andwhenshegotthere,

shefoundherselfsurroundedbypeoplewhowerejustasworried

asshewas.

FormillionsofAmericans,andespeciallyforbabyboomers

（生育高峰期出生的人），thedemandsoftheInformationAge

conflictwithasenseofdecliningphysicalpower."When

boomerswereintheir30sand40s,theylaunchedthefitness

boom,z/saysCynthiaGreen,thepsychologistwhoteachesMount

Sinai'smemoryclass."Nowwehavethemental-fitnessboom.

Memoryistheboomers'newlife-crisisissue."Andofcourse

amajormarketingopportunity.Thedemandforbooksand

seminarshasneverbeengreater,saysJackLannom,alongtime

memorytrainerwhoseweeklyTVshow,

“MindUnlimited,“goesoutto33millionhomesonthe

ChristianNetwork.Anxiousconsumersarerushingtobuy

do-it-yourselfprogramsandsupplementmakersaretryingto

selleverythingbutsawdust（木屑）asabrainbooster.

Butbeforeyougetoutyourcheckbook,afewquestionsare

inorder.Doeseverydayforgetfulnesssignaldecliningbrain

function?Is"megamemory”（超强记忆）arealisticgoalfor

normalpeople?Andifyoucouldhaveaperfectmemory,would

youreallywantit?Untilrecently,noonecouldaddressthose

issueswithmuchauthority,butourknowledgeofmemoryis

exploding.Newtechniquesarerevealinghowdifferentpartsof

thebraininteracttopreservemeaningfulexperiences.

Biologistsaretryingtounderstandtheunderlying（潜在的）

chemicalprocessesandneuroscientists（神经系统科学家）are

discoveringhowage,stress,andotherfactorscandisruptthem.

Nooneisclosetofindingthesecrettoperfectrecall,but

asyou'11see,thatmaybejustaswell.

6WhatdoesStanFieldtakeatbreakfast?

AFoodonly.

BFoodandpills.

CNothing.

DAplatefulofpillsonly.

7Whatisthemeaningof“workingroundtheclock”?

ARepairingclocks.

BMakingclocks.

CWorkingwithaclocknearby.

DWorkingdayandnight.

8Manybaby-boomerslivingintheInformationAgefeelthat

Atheirfinancialstatusisdeclining.

Btheirpoliticalinfluenceisdeclining.

Ctheirphysicalpowerisdeclining.

Dtheirwillpowerisdeclining.

9WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTindicatepeople's

enhancedawarenessoftheimportanceofmemory?

AMoredemandforbooksonmemory.

BMoredemandforseminarsonmemory.

CMoredemandformemory-enhancingsupplements.

DMoredemandforcocacolaandcigarettes.

10Accordingtothewriter,thesecrettoperfectmemory

Ahasbeenfound.

Bwillneverbefound.

Cwasfoundalongtimeago.

Disnotinsightyet.

参考答案：36.B37.D38.C39.D40.D

-

Knitting

Mymotherknewhowtoknit（编织），butshenevertaughtme.

Sheassumed,asdidmanywomenofhergeneration,thatknitting

wasnolongeraskillworthpassingdownfrommothertodaughter.

Acombinationoffeminism（女权主义）andconsumerism（消费主

义）mademanywomenfeelthatsuchhomelyaccomplishmentswere

nowoutofdate.MyGrandmotherstillknitted,though,andevery

Christmasshemadeapairofsocksformybrotherandme,of

redwool.Theyweretheonesweworeunderouriceskates（冰

鞋），whenitwasreallyimportanttohavewarmfeet.

Knittingisanervoushabitthathappenstobeproductive.

Ithelpedmequitsmokingbygivingmyhandssomethingelseto

do.Itiswonderfulfordepressionbecausenomatterwhatelse

happens,youarecreatingsomethingbeautiful.Timespentin

frontofthetelevisionorjustsittingisnolongertime

wasted.

Ilovebreathinglifeintothepatterns.It'struemagic,

findinganeglected,dog-earedoldbookwiththeperfect

snowflakedesign,buyingthesameGermantownwoolmy

grandmotherused,intheexactbluetomatchmydaughter'seyes;

takingitonthetrainwithmeeverydayfortwomonths,working

enthusiasticallytogetitdonebyChristmas,stayinguplate

afterthestockingsarefilledtosewinthesleevesandweave

intheends.

Knittinghastaughtmepatience.IknowthatifIjustkeep

going,evenifittakesmonths,therewillbeareward.When

Imakeamistake,Iknowthatangerwillnotfixit,thatIjust

havetogobackandtakeoutthestitches（针脚）betweenand

startoveragain.

PeopleoftenaskifIwoulddoitformoney,andtheanswer

isalwaysadefiniteno.Inthefirstplace,youcouldnotpay

meenoughforthehoursIputintoasweater.Butmoreimportant,

thisisanactivityIkeepseparatefromsuchconsiderations.

IknittocovermychildrenandotherpeopleIloveinwarmth

andcolor.Iknittogivethemsomethingearthlythatmoney

couldneverbuy.

Knittinggivesmylifeanalternativerhythmtothedaily

deadline.BydayIcanwriteaboutNorthernIrelandortheNew

YorkCityPoliceDepartmentandgetpaidforit,butonthetrain

home,surroundedbypeoplewithlaptops,Istagemylittle

rebellion:Itakeoutmyoldknittingbagandjointhecenturies

ofwomenwhohaveknittedforlove.

11Whydidmanywomenfeelthatknittingwasoutofdate?

ABecausetheirmothersdidn，tteachthem.

BBecausetheywereinfluencedbyfeminismandconsumerism

CBecausetheywerefeminists.

DBecausetheywereconsumerists.

12Theauthorworetheredsockshergrandmotherhadknitted

forher

Awhenshewenttoschool.

Bwhenshewentsightseeing.

CwhenshecelebratedChristmas.

Dwhenshewentskating.

13Theword"quit"inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto

A“giveup”.

B"speedup”.

C"slowdown".

D"buildup”.

14Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowing

statementsaboutknittingisNOTtrue?

AKnittinghelpsonegetridofbadhabits.

BKnittinghelpsonegetfreefromabadmood.

CKnittingrequirespatience.

DKnittingisaprofit-makingbusiness.

15WhichofthefollowingisNOTthewriter'spurposeof

knitting?

ATosavemoney.

BTomakefulluseofherleisuretime.

CToenrichherlife.

DToshowherloveforthefamily.

参考答案：41.B42.D43.A44.D45.A

U.S.EatsTooMuchSalt

PeopleintheUnitedStatesconsumemorethantwicethe

recommendedamountofsalt,raisingtheirriskforhighblood

pressure,heartattacksandstrokes,governmenthealthexperts

saidonThursday.

Theyfoundnearly70percentofU.S.adultsarein

high-riskgroupsthatwouldbenefitfromalower-saltofnomore

than1,500mgperday,yetmostconsumecloserto3,500nigper

day.

"It'simportanttoeatpeopletoeatlesssalt.Peoplewho

adoptahearthealthyeatingpatternthatincludesadietlow

insodiumandrichinpotassiumandcalciumcanimprovetheir

bloodpressure,z/Dr.DarwinlabartheoftheCentersforDisease

ControlandPreventionsaidinastatement.

“Peopleneedtoknowtheirrecommendeddailysodium1imit

andtakeactiontoreducesodiumintake,“Labarthesaid.

ThestudyinCDC'sreportondeathanddiseaseusednational

surveydatatoshowthattwooutofthreeadultsshouldbe

consumingnomorethan1,500mgofsodiumperdaybecausethey

areblackorovertheageof40-whichareconsideredhigh-risk

groups.

YetstudiesshowmostpeopleintheUnitedStateseat3,436

mgofsodiumperday,accordingtoa2005-2006CDCestimate.

Mostofthesodiumeatencomesfrompackage,processedand

restaurantfoods.

TheCDCsaiditwilljoinotheragenciesintheHealthand

HumanServicesdepartmentinworkingwithmajorfood

manufacturersandchainrestaurantstoreducesodiumlevelsin

thefoodsupply.

Nationwide,16millionmenandwomenhaveheartdiseaseand

5.8millionareestimatedtohavehadastroke.Cuttingsalt

consumptioncanreducetheserisks,theCDCsaid.

1.Toomuchsaltraisesone'sriskfor

Ahighbloodpressure.

Bheartattacks.

Cstrokes,

Dalloftheabove.

2.HowmuchsaltdomostAmericanadultseatperday?

ANomorethan1,500mg

BCloserto3,500mg.

CLessthan3,436mg.

DCloserto1,500mg.

3.Toimprovetheirbloodpressure,peopleshouldhavea

diet

Arichinpotassiumandsodium.

Brichinpotassiumandcalcium.

Crichincalciumandsodium.

Dnoneoftheabove.

4.Thehigh-riskgroupsincludethose

Awhoareblack.

Bwhoareovertheageof40.

Cwhoarewhiteandyoung.

DbothAandB

5.Packaged,processedandrestaurantfoodsareknownto

be

Acheap.

Btasty.

Crichinsalt.

Dhealthy.

答案：1.D2,B3.B4.D5.C

Communicationstechnologiesarefarfromequalwhenit

comestoconveyingthetruth.Thefirststudytocomparehonesty

acrossarangeofcommunicationmediahasfundthatpeopleare

twiceaslikelytotellliesinphoneconversationsastheyare

inemails.Thefactthatemailsareautomaticallyrecorded

一andcancomebacktohaunt（困扰）you一appearstobethekey

tothefinding.

JeffHancockofCornellUniversityinIthaca,NewYork,

asked30studentstokeepacommunicationsdiaryforaweek.

Inittheynotedthenumberofconversationsoremailexchanges

theyhadlastingmorethan10minutes,andconfessedtohowmany

liestheytold.Hancockthenworkedoutthenumberofliesper

conversationforeachmedium.Hefoundthatliesmadeup14per

centofemails,21percentofinstantmessages,27percent

offace-to-faceinteractionsandanastonishing37percentof

phonecalls.

Hisresultstobepresentedattheconferenceon

human-computerinteractioninVienna,Austria,inApril,have

surprisedpsychologists.Someexpectedemailerstobethe

biggestliars,reasoningthatbecausedeceptionmakespeople

uncomfortable,thedetachment（非直接接触）ofemailingwould

makeiteasiertolie.Othersexpectedpeopletoliemorein

face-to-faceexchangesbecausewearemostpractisedatthat

formofcommunication.

ButHancocksaysitisalsocrucialwhetheraconversation

isbeingrecordedandcouldbereread,andwhetheritoccurs

inrealtime.Peopleappeartobeafraidtoliewhentheyknow

thecommunicationcouldlaterbeusedtoholdthemtoaccount,

hesays.Thisiswhyfewerliesappearinemailthanonthe

phone.

Peoplearealsomorelikelytolieinrealtime—ina

instantmessageorphonecall,say一thaniftheyhavetimeto

thinkofaresponse,saysHancock.Hefoundmanyliesare

spontaneous（月兑口而出的）responsestoanunexpecteddemand,

suchas:"Doyoulikemydress?”

Hancockhopeshisresearchwillhelpcompaniesworkourthe

bestwaysfortheiremployeestocommunicate.Forinstance,the

phonemightbethebestmediumfoesaleswhereemployeesare

encouragedtostretchthetruth.But,givenhisresult,work

assessmentwherehonestyisapriority,mightbebestdoneusing

email.

1.Hancock,sstudyfocuseson.

A）theconsequencesoflyinginvariouscommunications

media

B)thesuccessofcommunicationstechnologiesinconveying

ideas

C)peoplearelesslikelytolieininstantmessages

D)people'shonestylevelsacrossarangeofcommunications

media

2.Hancock'sresearchfindingsurprisedthosewhobelieved

that.

A)peoplearelesslikelytolieininstantmessages

B)peopleareunlikelytolieinface-to-faceinteractions

C)peoplearemostlikelytolieinemailcommunication

D)peoplearetwiceaslikelytolieinphoneconversations

3.Accordingtothepassage,whyarepeoplemorelikelyto

tellthetruththroughcertainmediaofcommunication?

A)Theyareafraidofleavingbehindtracesoftheirlies.

B)Theybelievethathonestyisthebestpolicy.

C)Theytendtoberelaxedwhenusingthosemedia.

D)Theyaremostpractisedatthoseformsofcommunication.

4.AccordingtoHancockthetelephoneisapreferable

mediumforpromotingsalesbecause.

A)salesmencantalkdirectlytotheircustomers

B)salesmenmayfeellessrestrainedtoexaggerate

C)salesmencanimpresscustomersasbeingtrustworthy

D)salesmenmaypassoninstantmessageseffectively

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A)honestyshouldbeencouragedininterpersonal

communications

B)moreemployerswilluseemailstocommunicatewiththeir

employees

C)suitablemediashouldbechosenfordifferent

communicationpurposes

D)emailisnowthedominantmediumofcommunicationwithin

acompany

答案：1.D2.C3.D4.A5.B

MyFastJob

IwassixwhenIjoinedmyfatherandtwoelderbrothers

atsunriseinthehayfieldsofEufaula,Oklahoma.Bythetime

IwaseightIwashelpingDadfixuplow-incomerental

properties.HegavemeapennyforeverynailIpulledoutof

oldboards.

Igotmyfirstrealjob,atJM'sRestaurantintown,when

Iwas12.Mymainresponsibilitieswereclearingtablesand

washingdishes,butsometimesIhelpedcook.

EverydayafterschoolIwouldheadtoJM'sandworkuntil

ten.SaturdaysIworkedfromtwountileleven.Atthatageit

wasunluckygoingtoworkandwatchingmyfriendsrunoffto

swimorplay.Ididn，tnecessarilylikework,butIlovedwhat

workingallowedmetohave.BecauseofmyjobIwasalwaysthe

onebuyingwhenmyfriendsandIwenttothelocalbarTastee

Freez.Thismademeproud.

WordthatIwashonestandhardworkinggotaroundtown.A

localclothingstoreextendedcredittomealthoughIwasonly

intheseventhgrade.Iimmediatelychargeda$68sportscoat

anda$22pairoftrousers.Iwasmakingonly65centsanhour,

andIwasalready$90indebt!SoIlearnedearlythedanger

ofeasycredit.IpaiditoffassoonasIcould.

Myfirstjobtaughtmediscipline,responsibilityand

broughtmealevelofpersonalsatisfactionfewofmyfriends

hadexperienced.Asmyfather,whoworkedthreejobs,oncetold

me,“Ifyouunderstandsacrificeandcommitment,therearenot

manythingsinlifeyoucan，thave."Howrighthewas!

31Whentheauthorwasachild,hewasmadetohelphis

fatherworkbecause

Atherestaurantwasshortofhands.

Bhisfamilybelongedtothelow-incomegroup.

Chewantedtoearnsomemoney.

Dhewasstrongerthanhistwobrothers.

32Attheageof12,theauthorgotajobatarestaurant

andoftenworkedtilllateatnightbecause

Ahelikedthatwork.

Bhedidn'tlikeplaying.

Chewashard-working.

Dhefeltrewardedbydoingthatwork.

33Theword"Word"inthesentence“WordthatIwashonest

and-hard-workinggotaroundtowninthefourthparagraph

means

Astatement.

Badvice.

Cnews.

Dpromise.

34Whentheauthorwasintheseventhgrade,hewasindebt

because____________

Ahedidnotworkanymore.

Bheboughtclothesoncredit.

Chewaschargedtoomuchforthesportscoat.

Dhemadelittlemoneyatthattime.

35Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellthereaderbythistext?

AIfyouknowsacrificeandresponsibility,youcanhave

manythingsinlife.

BChildrenfrompoorfamiliesusuallyhaveaveryunhappy

childhood.

CChildrenshouldbemadetoworkandearnsomemoneyby

themselves.

DYouwilllearndisciplineandresponsibilitybyworking

earlyinlife.

答案：31.C32.D33.C34.B35.A

Onceyou'repreparedforasituation,you're50percentof

thewaytowardovercomingnervousness.Theother50percentis

thephysicalandmentalcontrolofnervousness;adjustingyour

attitudesoyouhaveconfidence,andcontrolofyourselfand

youraudience.

Iwasinthetheaterformanyyearsandalwayswenttowork

withterriblestagefright一untilIwasin"TheKingandI”.

Whilewaitingoffstageonenight,IsawYulBrynner,theshow's

star,pushinginalungingpositionagainstawall.Itlooked

asthoughhewantedtoknockitdown."Thishelpsmecontrol

mynervousness,heexplained.

Itrieditand,sureenough,freedmyselffromstagefright.

Notonlythat,butpushingthewallseemedtogivemeawhole

newkindofphysicalenergy.LaterIdiscoveredthatwhenyou

pushagainstawallyoucontractthemusclesthatliejustbelow

whereyourribsbegintosplay（展开）.Icallthisareathe

“vitaltriangle”.

Tounderstandhowthesemuscleswork,trythis:sitina

straight-backedchairandleanslightlyforward.Putyourpalms

togetherinfrontofyou,yourelbowspointingoutthesides,

yourfingertipspointingupward,andpushsothatyoufeel

pressureintheheelsofyourpalmsandunderyourarms.

Sayssssssss,likeahiss.Asyou'reexhalingthes,

contractthosemusclesinthevitaltriangleasthoughyouwere

rowingaboat,pullingtheoarsbackandup.Thevitaltriangle

shouldtighten.Relaxthemusclesattheendofyourexhalation,

theninhalegently.

Youcanalsoadjustyourattitudetopreventnervousness.

Whatyousaytoyourselfsendsamessagetoyouraudience.If

youtellyourselfyou'reafraid,that'sthemessageyour

listenerreceives.Soselecttheattitudeyouwantto

communicate.Attitudeadjustingisyourmentalsuitofarmor

againstnervousness.Ifyouentertainonlypositivethoughts,

youwillbegivingoutthesewords:joyandease,enthusiasm,

sincerityandconcern,andauthority.

1.Toovercomenervousness,oneshould.

A.adjusthisattitudeaswellasmakepreparationfora

gathering

B.asktheaudiencetogivehimconfidence

C.trynottobeknockeddownbystagefright

D.waitoffstage

2.“TheKingandI“shouldbe.

A.afilm

B.anovel

C.aplay

D.asong

3.ThewritercitesexamplesinParagraphs4and5to

supporthisstatementthat.

A.youwillhaveapositiveeffectbyputtingenergyinto

yourvoice

B.you're50percentofthewaytowardsovercoming

nervousnessonceyouarepreparedforasituation

C.youwillhaveawholenewkindofphysicalenergyby

pushingagainstawall

D.ifyoumasterthetechniquesinformedbytheauthoryour

willneverbenervousagain

4.YulBrynnerpushedthewallinorderto.

A.showthewriterhowtoovercomenervousness

B.pulldownthewall

C.getphysicalenergy

D.overcomehisownnervousness

5.Ifyouhaveactivethoughts,youraudiencewilldetect

A.thatyouarefulloffearanddepression

B.thatyouaretighteningyourvitaltriangle

C.thatyouarejoyfulandeasy-going

D.thatyouarerelaxingyourmuscles

答案：1.A2.C3.C4.D5.C

Robots

Peopleusemoreandmorerobotsinwork.Themost

sophisticated（先进的）Japaneserobots,whichhavevision

systemsandworkatveryhighspeeds,arestillbasedon

Americandesigns.Studiesofrobots,particularlycomputer

controlsoftware,areconsideredtobegenerallylessadvanced

inJapanthaninAmericaorEurope.

Althoughindustrialrobotswereoriginallydevelopedas

devicesforsimplyhandlingobjects,todaytheircommonestuses

areformoreskilledworklikewelding（焊接），spray-painting

andassemblingcomponents.

InBritain,robotsalesappropriatelypeakedin1984,but

havebeendeciiningeversince.ThisispartlybecauseBritish

wageratesaretoolowtomakerobotsfinanciallyattractive

andpartlybecauseengineersnowhavemoreexperiencewith

robotsandaremoreawareofthedifficultiesofintroducing

themeffectively.

Ithasbeencalculatedthatarobotusesonaverageabout

100timesmoreenergythanahumantodoanequivalentjob.

Itisestimatedthat20%ofallcomicbookheroesinJapan

arerobots.Thisisanenormousnumberbecausecomicsareso

popularthat