2022-2023学年河北省石家庄高中高三（上）期末英语试卷及答案解析

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2022-2023学年河北省石家庄高中高三（上）期末英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）ASummer

High

School

Programs

of

Boston

University

High

School

Honors

Ready

to

push

your

limits

academically？Excited

to

get

out

of

your

comfort

zone，explore

new

subjects，and

earn

college

credits？If

this

sounds

like

you

and

you

are

entering

your

junior

or

senior

year，High

School

Honors

offers

a

Boston

University

pre-college

experience

that

will

challenge

you

and

enrich

your

knowledge.

Program

begins：July

5

Program

ends：August

5

Academic

Immersion

（AIM）

If

you

want

to

focus

on

a

specific

subject

for

about

three

weeks，AIM

is

for

you.It

combines

classroom

work

and

theoretical

studies

with

practical

applications

and

activities

based

on

experiences

including

field

trips

and

group

projects.In

addition

to

experiencing

college

life，you'll

gain

invaluable

insight

into

potential

career

paths.This

program

is

open

to

high

school

juniors

and

seniors.

Program

begins：July

2

Program

ends：July

21

Summer

Challenge

It's

called

Summer

Challenge

because

it

pushes

you

in

so

many

ways.You

will

explore

your

interests，discover

new

ones，test

your

academic

boundaries，and

experience

the

college

life.Along

the

way，you

will

make

new

friends

and

get

to

know

more

about

Boston

University.If

you're

a

high

school

senior，you're

in

for

a

few

unforgettable

weeks.

Program

begins：July

3

Program

ends：August

14

RISE

Practicum

If

you're

crazy

about

science

and

are

a

student

currently

in

your

junior

year

of

high

school，we

invite

you

to

apply

for

the

Research

in

Science

&

Engineering

（RISE）

program.You

will

research

with

some

of

the

nation's

brightest

scientific

minds

while

advancing

your

STEM

（science，technology，engineering

and

mathematics）

knowledge

and

skills.

Program

begins：July

6

Program

ends：August

111.What

do

High

School

Honors

and

Academic

Immersion

have

in

common？

A.They

enable

students

to

earn

college

credits.

B.They

involve

students

in

the

outdoor

activities.

C.They

provide

advice

on

students'

potential

career.

D.They

are

intended

for

high

school

juniors

and

seniors.2.Which

program

lasts

the

longest？

A.High

School

Honors. B.Academic

Immersion.

C.Summer

Challenge. D.RISE

Practicum.3.What

can

you

do

in

RISE

Practicum？

A.Advance

social

skills. B.Research

with

great

scientists.

C.Explore

new

interests. D.Test

engineering

knowledge.BWhen

I

was

six，I

embarrassed

a

boy

in

class

by

telling

the

teacher

he'd

wet

himself.He

sat

far

behind

me

but

I

smelled

it，intensely.He

was

so

upset

that

my

grandmother

was

called

into

school.When

we

got

home，she

warned，

"Never

use

your

sense

of

smell

for

that

again."

She

explained

that

I，like

her，had

hereditary

hyperosmia，meaning

I'm

a

super-smeller.

My

husband

Les

and

I

both

pursued

medical

careers.One

day，I

was

struck

by

the

smell

of

a

patient.I

later

learned

that

she

had

diabetes

（糖尿病）

and

what

I

smelled

was

raised

ketones，a

chemical

produced

by

the

liver

（肝）.I

knew

doctors

wouldn't

accept

my

diagnoses

（诊断），so

I

stayed

quiet.

In

1982，before

Les's

32nd

birthday，I

smelt

something

strange

on

him.I

thought

it

might

be

the

air

of

the

place

he

worked

in.Twelve

years

later，in

1994，he

was

diagnosed

with

Parkinson's

disease.It

wasn't

until

the

last

months

of

his

life，more

than

20

years

later，that

we

discovered

I

could

detect

the

disease

in

others，too.

We

felt

a

responsibility

to

do

something.We

attended

a

lecture

by

Prof.Kunath，a

neurobiologist.I

asked，

"Why

is

the

smell

of

Parkinson's

not

being

used

for

early

diagnosis？，

，He

didn't

answer

and

we

left，disappointed.But

four

months

later，he

called

our

home.He

had

found

me

after

relaying

my

question

to

a

colleague，who

told

him，

"You

must

find

her."

We

began

to

work

as

a

team

to

prove

my

theory.

When

Les

died

in

2015，he

made

me

promise

I'd

carry

on

the

research.I

spent

time

in

labs，smelling

sufferers9

skin

oil

on

swabs

（棉签）.I

could

detect

whether

the

person

had

Parkinson's

with

95%

accuracy.This

year，our

research

team

published

a

breakthrough：a

three-minute

test

that

can

detect

the

disease

by

running

a

swab

along

someone's

neck.

I've

become

known

and

delivered

many

lectures.I'm

working

on

detecting

cancers

and

tuberculosis.I

never

imagined，at

72，this

would

be

my

lift's

work.I

constantly

think

about

how

I

lost

my

Les，but

also

how

I

finally

fulfilled

my

promise.4.What

did

the

author

do

when

she

smelt

something

strange

on

her

husband？

A.She

took

the

smell

lightly. B.She

drove

him

to

hospital.

C.She

warned

him

of

a

disease. D.She

made

him

shower

more.5.Why

did

Prof.Kunath

call

the

author？

A.To

make

an

apology

to

her.

B.To

invite

her

for

a

specific

research.

C.To

discuss

her

husband's

disease.

D.To

promote

her

to

a

higher

position.6.How

was

a

patient's

Parkinson's

detected

according

to

Paragraph

5？

A.By

having

a

brief

talk

with

the

doctor.

B.By

taking

a

blood

examination.

C.By

conducting

a

short

and

easy

skin

test.

D.By

rubbing

a

swab

in

the

nose.7.What

does

the

author

think

of

her

present

work？

A.Painful. B.Tiring. C.Easy. D.Rewarding.CThe

widespread

sedentary

（久坐不动的）

lifestyle

has

become

a

problem

in

America，fueling

the

rising

obesity

（肥胖）

rate.

Now

a

new

study

finds

that

being

surrounded

by

active

friends

can

help

a

person

living

a

sedentary

lifestyle

get

more

exercise

each

day.Researchers

at

the

US

Military

Academy

found

that

people

in

social

groups

where

exercise

is

valued

are

more

likely

to

be

more

active

themselves.Lonely

people

are

more

likely

to

live

sedentary

lifestyles

without

another

person

around

to

give

them

a

boost.The

findings

highlight

the

idea

that

the

company

a

person

keeps

can

be

a

boost

to

their

overall

health

and

direction

in

life.

Dr.Diana

Thomas，a

professor

at

a

military

school

and

study

author

said

that

the

idea

for

the

research

came

from

real

life

experiences

on

the

campus.Her

team

had

noticed

a

trend

of

people

becoming

more

interested

in

fitness

and

other

activities

once

arriving

at

the

school.This

is

not

usually

the

case

at

other

schools

and

workplaces，where

there

is

no

significant

impact

on

fitness.Thomas

believed

that

this

trend

could

be

the

result

of

in-group

social

conditioning，where

people

will

take

part

in

activities

that

others

around

them

are

doing.

People

whose

data

were

gathered

for

the

study

were

split

into

three

groups

based

on

their

physical

activity

level

一

sedentary，moderately

and

extremely

active.Moderately

active

folks

were

the

most

important

for

drawing

people

who

are

sedentary

to

become

active，and

to

sustain

that

activity.Thomas

explained

that

sedentary

people

would

be

unlikely

to

change

their

behavior

when

placed

in

a

group

of

the

extremely

active，as

it

would

seem

unattainable.8.Why

does

the

author

mention

the

rising

obesity

rate

in

the

first

paragraph？

A.To

make

comparisons. B.To

introduce

the

topic.

C.To

support

the

argument. D.To

provide

examples.9.What

helps

a

sedentary

person

become

active？

A.Volunteering

in

social

groups. B.Working

in

a

caring

company.

C.Joining

sports-loving

friends. D.Giving

a

lonely

neighbor

a

boost.10.What

might

have

caused

the

trend

at

the

military

school？

A.Requirements

from

the

school.

B.People's

natural

addition

to

sports.

C.Social

interaction

within

a

group.

D.Competition

against

other

schools.11.Why

are

extremely

active

people

less

influential

according

to

Dr.Thomas？

A.They

have

no

appeal

for

sedentary

people.

B.They

are

unwilling

to

involve

sedentary

people.

C.They

themselves

often

fail

to

sustain

exercising.

D.They

seem

like

an

example

beyond

sedentary

people.DWhales，particularly

baleen

and

sperm

whales，are

among

the

largest

creatures

on

Earth.Their

presence

in

the

ocean

shapes

the

ecosystems

around

them.These

creatures

are

also

helping

to

determine

the

temperature

of

the

planet.

When

whales

die，they

sink

to

the

ocean

floor

and

all

the

carbon

that

is

stored

in

their

extremely

large

bodies

is

transferred

from

surface

waters

to

the

deep

sea，where

it

remains

for

centuries

or

more.Scientists

found

that

before

industrial

whaling，populations

of

whales

would

have

sunk

between

190，000

to

1.9

million

tonnes

of

carbon

per

year

to

the

bottom

of

the

ocean，which

equals

taking

between

40，000

and

410，000

cars

off

the

road

each

year.But

when

they

are

killed

and

their

bodies

are

prevented

from

sinking

to

the

seabed，that

carbon

is

released

into

the

atmosphere.

But

whales

are

not

only

valuable

in

death.The

tides

of

excrement（排泄物）

that

whales

produce

are

also

surprisingly

relevant

to

the

climate.Their

iron-rich

excrement

creates

the

perfect

growing

conditions

for

phytoplankton（浮游植物）.These

creatures

may

be

microscopic，but，taken

together，they

have

a

great

influence

on

the

planet's

atmosphere，absorbing

about

40%

of

all

CO2

produced，four

times

the

amount

absorbed

by

the

Amazon

rainforest.

"Whaling

has

removed

a

huge

organic

carbon

pump

from

the

ocean

that

would

have

been

having

a

much

larger

multiplying

effect

on

phytoplankton

productivity

and

the

ocean's

ability

to

absorb

carbon，

"

says

Vicki

James，policy

manager

at

Whale

and

Dolphin

Conservation.

What

this

means

is

that

restoring

whale

populations

to

their

pre-whaling

numbers

could

be

an

important

tool

in

fighting

climate

change，and

helping

to

slightly

reduce

the

large

amount

of

CO2

from

fossil

fuels

every

year.12.What

happens

to

the

carbon

stored

in

whales

after

they

are

hunted？

A.It

remains

in

their

bodies. B.It

enters

the

atmosphere.

C.It

sinks

to

the

deep

sea. D.It

transfers

to

surface

waters.13.What

does

the

underlined

word

"microscopic"

mean

in

Paragraph

3？

A.Tiny. B.Destructive. C.Extinct. D.Rare.14.What

can

we

infer

from

the

text？

A.Whales

are

more

valuable

after

they

die.

B.Excrement

of

whales

accelerates

global

warming.

C.40%

of

CO2

is

absorbed

by

the

Amazon

rainforest.

D.Whaling

has

a

negative

influence

on

climate

change.15.Which

is

the

best

title

of

the

text？

A.What

We

can

Do

to

Save

Whales

B.How

Whales

Help

Cool

the

Earth

C.What

is

Climate

Change

Doing

to

Whales

D.Why

Whale

Populations

are

Declining

Sharply二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）Food

waste

has

become

a

severe

problem

across

the

world

due

to

a

lack

of

understanding

of

how

to

effectively

use

food

and

conserve

it.Roughly

one-

third

of

the

food

produced

globally

is

either

lost

or

wasted

every

year.

（1）

Stop

Food

Waste

Day

is

an

international

day

of

action

in

the

fight

against

food

waste.It

began

back

in

2017

by

Compass

Group，one

of

the

world's

largest

food-service

companies

serving

restaurants，cafes，hospitals，schools，and

more.（2）

On

this

day，Compass

country

teams

will

work

together

to

raise

awareness

of

the

critical

food

waste

problem

and

inspire

change.

Stop

Food

Waste

Day

aims

to

educate

people

about

their

food

waste.（3）

Stop

Food

Waste

Day

hopes

to

change

the

way

leftovers

are

used，so

people

can

take

the

most

significant

advantage

of

what

food

they

use.

The

Compass

Group

focuses

the

efforts

of

its

mission

by

teaching

their

chefs

how

to

track

and

reduce

waste

as

much

as

possible.They

also

seek

to

donate

more

than

250，000

pounds

of

food

each

year

to

local

food

banks.

（4）

Show

your

support

by

looking

up

simple

recipes

to

best

use

leftovers

and

fresh

produce.Before

food

shopping，plan

ahead

by

making

a

list

and

only

buying

what

you

know

you'll

use.

（5）

Get

into

the

habit

of

freezing

leftovers，instead

of

throwing

them

in

the

rubbish.Besides，help

teach

people

about

the

benefits

of

saving

food

waste.

A.It

brings

30

countries

together.

B.Now

it's

your

turn

to

take

action.

C.Food

waste，however，can

be

stopped.

D.Help

schedule

cooking

demonstrations

and

share

recipes.

E.More

importantly，it

offers

creative

and

impactful

solutions.

F.Compass

Group

promised

to

reduce

food

waste

by

30%

by

2025.

G.Also

avoid

wasting

food

by

seeing

what

needs

to

be

used

up

before

you

go

shopping.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）Last

year

in

October，my

family

and

I

took

our

first

camping

trip.My

whole

family

（1）

，which

was

the

most

important

part

of

the

trip

for

me.My

siblings

（兄弟姐妹）are

adults

with

different

（2）

，which

makes

it

difficult

for

us

to（3）

an

activity

like

this.

We

had

set

up

the

tent

when

it

suddenly

started

raining.（4）

，we

had

positioned

the

tent

on

a

high

flat

surface

where

（5）

could

not

come

into

our

tent.Even

with

the

rain，I

had

never

been

happier.

While

we

were

all

（6）

the

sound

of

the

rain，my

mom

cooked

a

warm

meal

for

the

family.Over

the

dinner，my

father

told

us

（7）

stories

about

his

childhood，which

made

us

burst

into

laughter.At

night，it

was

a

bit

cold.My

sisters

and

I

grabbed

a

（8）

and

chatted

about

our

daily

life.Soon，a

hot

meal

and

a

good

（9）

warmed

us

up.

I

realized

how

（10）

it

was

camping

under

the

sound

of

the

rain.I

came

to

understand

why

my

parents

were

so

（11）

about

camping.

The

next

day，we

（12）

our

belongings

and

headed

home.I'm

very

（13）

for

this

camping

trip.Not

only

did

I

experience

the

beauty

of

the

forest，but

I

also

learned

that

even

if

the

（14）

is

not

the

best

for

camping，we

can

adapt

to

Mother

Nature

as

a

family

to

make

unforgettable

（15）

.21.

A.cheered

up B.ran

away C.got

together D.settled

down22.

A.lives B.principles C.abilities D.problems23.

A.report B.sponsor C.plan D.cancel24.

A.Strangely B.Obviously C.Similarly D.Luckily25.

A.wind B.water C.animals D.hikers26.

A.expecting B.describing C.enjoying D.imagining27.

A.touching B.awful C.shocking D.funny28.

A.blanket B.phone C.basket D.tent29.

A.negotiation B.game C.conversation D.sleep30.

A.tough B.unique C.expensive D.popular31.

A.particular B.disappointed C.concerned D.enthusiastic32.

A.packed

up B.picked

out C.left

behind D.set

aside33.

A.eager B.grateful C.sorry D.suitable34.

A.budget B.season C.equipment D.weather35.

A.summaries B.memories C.lessons D.contributions四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）36.The

history

of

hutongs

can

date

back

to

the

Yuan

Dynasty

（1271

—

1368），when

the

term

"hutong"，（1）

（initial）

meaning

"water

wells"，first

appeared

in

its

capital，now

known

as

Beijing.The

Yuan

nobles

and

high-ranking

army

officials

（2）

（award）

lands

as

their

estates

in

the

city.They

built

houses

and

courtyards，now

called

"Siheyuan"，which

were

arranged

in

（3）

orderly

way

around

the

wells.

In

the

Ming

Dynasty

（1368

—1644），the

center

of

Beijing

was

the

Forbidden

City，with

the

Inner

City

and

Outer

City

（4）

（surround）

it.Upper

class

citizens

were

permitted

to

live

closer（5）

the

center.Nobles

lived

to

the

east

and

west

of

the

palace.The

hutongs

formed

by

their

houses

were

lined

by

spacious

homes

and

gardens.Farther

from

the

palace

and

to

its

north

and

south（6）

（be）

the

commoners.Their

Siheyuans

were

far

smaller

in

size

and

simpler

in（7）

（decorate），and

the

hutongs

were

narrower.

Nowadays，if

you

visit

Beijing，Nanluoguxiang

is

a

must-see.The

786-meter

long

south-north

hutong

is

lined

with

bars，hotels

and

stores.There

are

also

8

hutongs

—（8）

（hide）

on

the

east

and

west

sides

of

the

main

lane

of

Nanluoguxiang

as

well

as

former

residences（9）

celebrities

once

lived.

Hutongs

are

the

home

of

the

Beijing（10）

（local），who

have

a

deep

affection

for

them.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）37.假定你是李华，你校英文戏剧社将于下个月举行英文戏剧展演。请你用英语为该社写一则通知，内容包括：

（1）活动介绍；

（2）鼓励报名；

（3）截止日期。

注意：

（1）写作词数应为80左右；

（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Notice

__________38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成

一篇完整的短文。

I

yawned

（打哈欠）as

I

got

off

the

last

step

of

the

bus.I

had

woken

early

that

morning，and

had

not

been

able

to

sleep

on

the

long

ride

from

Riverside

High，thinking

about

that

day's

race，the

Eye

Opener.I

had

never

raced

in

a

state-wide

race

before.Over

thirty

high

school

teams

ran，along

with

quite

a

few

colleges.The

rest

of

my

team

and

I

unloaded

the

bus，and

we

relaxed

and

waited

for

our

race

patiently.

"Start

warming

up，"

our

coach

told

us，roughly

forty-five

minutes

after

we

arrived.After

finishing

our

stretches，we

headed

over

to

the

starting

line，eager

for

the

race

to

begin.

The

starter

walked

to

the

middle

of

the

field.

"There

will

be

two

commands，"

his

voice

boomed，

''Runners

set，then

the

gun.If

you

hear

another

shot，return

to

the

starting

line

to

start

again.

"

My

heart

raced

as

I

got

my

legs

ready

to

race.

"Runners

set!"

the

starter

shouted

Bam!The

gun

fired，and

he

rushed

out

of

our

way.Adrenaline

（肾上腺素）rushed

through

my

body

as

I

raced

through

the

mass

of

runners.As

I

rounded

the

first

turn，my

schoolmates

greeted

me

with

heartening

shouts.Then，in

what

felt

like

only

one

minute，I

arrived

at

the

one

mile

mark.

"6'10"，a

man

declared

as

I

ran

by.I

tried

to

ignore

him，but

my

legs

began

to

bum

as

I

realized

I

had

run

a

mile

and

still

had

two

to

go.I

slowed

down

my

pace，for

I

knew

the

second

mile

was

the

worst

of

all

three.Minutes

later，I

felt

horrible.My

legs

ached，feeling

like

lead

blocks.My

vision

was

clouded

as

sweat

dropped

down

into

my

eyes，and

my

arms

felt

as

if

they

would

fall

off

if

I

swung

them

one

more

time.Just

as

I

almost

reached

my

limit，a

boy

passed

me.He

also

seemed

to

have

lost

strength

but

soon

he

was

a

little

ahead

of

me.

注意：

（1）续写词数应为150左右；

（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

I

gathered

up

my

strength

to

speed

up

but

suddenly

fell

to

the

ground.______

In

the

last

mile，seeing

the

athletes

passing

us

one

by

one，I

asked

the

boy

to

run

without

me._________

答案和解析1~3.【答案】D、C、B【解析】（1）推理判断题。由本文HighSchoolHonors部分中的Ifthissoundslikeyouandyouareenteringyourjuniororsenioryear，HighSchoolHonorsoffersaBostonUniversitypre-collegeexperiencethatwillchallengeyouandenrichyourknowledge.（如果这听起来像是你正在进入高三或高四，高中荣誉课程将为你提供波士顿大学大学预科课程，这将挑战你并丰富你的知识。）和AcademicImmersion（AIM）部分中的Thisprogramisopentohighschooljuniorsandseniors.（这个项目面向高中三年级和四年级学生。）可知HighSchoolHonors和AcademicImmersion的共同之处是它们面向高中三年级和四年级学生。故选D。

（2）细节理解题。由本文HighSchoolHonors部分中的Programbegins：July5，Programends：August5（项目开始时间：7月5日，项目结束时间：8月5日），可知持续31天，AcademicImmersion（AIM）部分中的Programbegins：July2，Programends：July21（项目开始时间：7月2日，项目结束时间：7月21日），可知持续20天，SummerChallenge部分中的Programbegins：July3，Programends：August14（项目开始时间：7月3日，项目结束时间：8月14日），可知持续42天，RISEPracticum部分中的Programbegins：July6，Programends：August11（项目开始时间：7月6日，项目结束时间：8月11日），可知持续36天，所以四个项目中持续时间最长是的SummerChallenge。故选C。

（3）细节理解题。由本文RISEPracticum部分中的Youwillresearchwithsomeofthenation'sbrightestscientificminds（你将与美国最聪明的科学家一起研究），可知在RISE实习课程中你将和伟大的科学家一起研究。故选B。

本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了几个波士顿大学暑期高中课程。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

4~7.【答案】A、B、C、D【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第三段中的In1982，beforeLes's32ndbirthday，Ismeltsomethingstrangeonhim.Ithoughtitmightbetheairof'theplaceheworkedin.（1982年，在莱斯32岁生日之前，我在他身上闻到了一种奇怪的味道。我想可能是因为他工作的地方的空气。）可知，作者以为丈夫身上奇怪的味道可能是因为他工作的地方的空气，所以她对那股气味毫不在意。故选A。

（2）推理判断题。根据第四段段中的Butfourmonthslater，hecalledourhome.Hehadfoundmeafterrelayingmyquestiontoacolleague，whotoldhim，"Youmustfindher."Webegantoworkasateamtoprovemytheory.（但四个月后，他给我们家打了电话。他是在把我的问题转告给一位同事后找到我的，那位同事告诉他："你必须找到她。"我们开始作为一个团队来证明我的理论。）可知，Kunath教授给作者打电话是为了邀请她做一个具体的研究。故选B。

（3）细节理解题。根据第五段中的Thisyear，ourresearchteampublishedabreakthrough：athree-minutetestthatcandetectthediseasebyrunningaswabalongsomeone'sneck.（今年，我们的研究团队发表了一项突破：一种三分钟的测试，可以通过在某人的脖子上擦拭棉签来检测疾病。）可知，他们发明了一种方法，通过一个简单的皮肤测试检测出患者的帕金森症。故选C。

（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段I'vebecomeknownanddeliveredmanylectures.I'mworkingondetectingcancersandtuberculosis.Ineverimagined，at72，thiswouldbemylift'swork.IconstantlythinkabouthowIlostmyLes，butalsohowIfinallyfulfilledmypromise.（我已为人所知，并发表了许多演讲。我正在研究癌症和肺结核。我从未想过，在72岁时，这会是我的工作。我一直在想我是如何失去我的莱斯的，但我也最终实现了我的承诺。）可知，作者完全没想到这会是自己的工作，所以她认为现在的工作是值得做的。A．Painful.痛苦的；B．Tiring.令人困倦的；C．Easy.容易的；D．Rewarding.值得做的。故选D。

本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者患有遗传性嗅觉过敏症，她发现自己能闻到有病的人身上特殊的气味，和同伴就这个问题展开研究，最后发明了一种快速的疾病检测方法。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

8~11.【答案】B、C、C、A【解析】（1）推理判断题。由此篇文章第一段的内容Thewidespreadsedentary（久坐不动的）lifestylehasbecomeaprobleminAmerica，fuelingtherisingobesity（肥胖）rate.（在美国，普遍的久坐生活方式已经成为一个问题，加剧了肥胖率的上升。）再根据第二段中的关键句Nowanewstudyfindsthatbeingsurroundedbyactivefriendscanhelpapersonlivingasedentarylifestylegetmoreexerciseeachday.（现在一项新的研究发现，身边有活跃的朋友可以帮助久坐不动的人每天得到更多的锻炼。）可知，作者在第一段提到了不断上升的肥胖率，是为了介绍主题。故选B。

（2）细节理解题。由此篇文章第二段中的关键句ResearchersattheUSMilitaryAcademyfoundthatpeopleinsocialgroupswhereexerciseisvaluedaremorelikelytobemoreactivethemselves.Lonelypeoplearemorelikelytolivesedentarylifestyleswithoutanotherpersonaroundtogivethemaboost.Thefindingshighlighttheideathatthecompanyapersonkeepscanbeaboosttotheiroverallhealthanddirectioninlife.（美国军事学院的研究人员发现，在重视锻炼的社会群体中，人们自己也更有可能活跃起来。孤独的人更有可能过着久坐不动的生活方式，身边没有人给他们鼓励。研究结果强调了一个观点，即一个人的同伴可以促进他们的整体健康和生活方向。）可知加入热爱运动的朋友中可以帮助久坐的人变得活跃起来。故选C。

（3）细节理解题。由此篇文章第三段Dr.Diana

Thomas，a

professor

at

a

military

school

and

study

author

said

that

the

idea

for

the

research

came

from

real

life

experiences

on

the

campus.Her

team

had

noticed

a

trend

of

people

becoming

more

interested

in

fitness

and

other

activities

once

arriving

at

the

school.This

is

not

usually

the

case

at

other

schools

and

workplaces，where

there

is

no

significant

impact

on

fitness.Thomas

believed

that

this

trend

could

be

the

result

of

in-group

social

conditioning，where

people

will

take

part

in

activities

that

others

around

them

are

doing.（戴安娜•托马斯博士是一所军校的教授，也是这项研究的作者。她说，这项研究的想法来自校园里的真实生活经历。她的团队注意到，人们一到学校就对健身和其他活动更感兴趣。在其他学校和工作场所，情况通常不是这样，这些地方对健身没有重大影响。托马斯认为，这种趋势可能是群体内社会条件作用的结果，在群体内，人们会参与周围其他人正在做的活动。）可知群体内的社会互动导致了军校的这种趋势。故选C。

（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段中的关键句Moderatelyactivefolkswerethemostimportantfordrawingpeoplewhoaresedentarytobecomeactive，andtosustainthatactivity.Thomasexplainedthatsedentarypeoplewouldbeunlikelytochangetheirbehaviorwhenplacedinagroupoftheextremelyactive，asitwouldseemunattainable.（适度运动的人是吸引久坐的人变得活跃并保持这种活动的最重要的因素。托马斯解释说，久坐不动的人在一组极度活跃的人群中不太可能改变他们的行为，因为这似乎是不可能实现的。）可推知托马斯博士认为，非常活跃的人对久坐不动的人没有吸引力，所以影响力更小。故选A。

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，身边有活跃的朋友可以帮助久坐不动的人每天得到更多的锻炼。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

12~15.【答案】B、A、D、B【解析】（1）细节理解题。由此篇文章第二段最后一句话Butwhentheyarekilledandtheirbodiesarepreventedfromsinkingtotheseabed，thatcarbonisreleasedintotheatmosphere.（但是当它们被杀死时，它们的尸体被阻止沉入海底，碳就会被释放到大气中。）可知鲸鱼被猎杀后，储存在鲸鱼体内的碳会被释放到大气中。故选B。

（2）词句猜测题。由此篇文章第三段中的Their

iron-rich

excrement

creates

the

perfect

growing

conditions

for

phytoplankton（浮游植物）.These

creatures

may

be

microscopic，but，taken

together，they

have

a

great

influence

on

the

planet's

atmosphere，absorbing

about

40%

of

all

CO2

produced，four

times

the

amount

absorbed

by

the

Amazon

rainforest.（它们富含铁的排泄物为浮游植物创造了完美的生长条件。这些生物可能是_______，但加在一起，它们对地球的大气有很大的影响，吸收了所有产生的二氧化碳的40%，是亚马逊雨林吸收量的四倍。）可知划线词所在句中的主语Thesecreatures指的是浮游植物，结合常识可推知，此处表达"浮游植物虽然很小，但是加在一起，它们对地球的大气有很大的影响"之意，所以可推知microscopic意为"微小的"之意，A．Tiny.微小的；B．Destructive.毁灭性的；C．Extinct.灭绝的；D．Rare.罕见的。故选A。

（3）推理判断题。由此篇文章第四段中的"Whalinghasremovedahugeorganiccarbonpumpfromtheoceanthatwouldhavebeenhavingamuchlargermultiplyingeffectonphytoplanktonproductivityandtheocean'sabilitytoabsorbcarbon，"saysVickiJames，policymanageratWhaleandDolphinConservation.（鲸鱼和海豚保护组织的政策经理VickiJames说："捕鲸已经从海洋中移除了一个巨大的有机碳泵，这将对浮游植物的生产力和海洋吸收碳的能力产生更大的影响。"）可知捕鲸会降低浮游植物的数量，从而降低碳的吸收量，对气候有很大影响，所以捕鲸对气候变化有负面影响。故选D。

（4）标题判断题。由此篇文章第一段中的前两句话Whales，particularlybaleenandspermwhales，areamongthelargestcreaturesonEarth.Theirpresenceintheoceanshapestheecosystemsaroundthem.Thesecreaturesarealsohelpingtodeterminethetemperatureoftheplanet.（鲸鱼，尤其是须鲸和抹香鲸，是地球上最大的生物之一。它们在海洋中的存在塑造了它们周围的生态系统。这些生物也有助于确定地球的温度。）以及最后一段Whatthismeansisthatrestoringwhalepopulationstotheirpre-whalingnumberscouldbeanimportanttoolinfightingclimatechange，andhelpingtoslightlyreducethelargeamountofCO2fromfossilfuelseveryyear.（这意味着，将鲸鱼数量恢复到捕鲸前的数量可能是应对气候变化的重要工具，并有助于略微减少每年化石燃料产生的大量二氧化碳。）可知本文主要讲述了鲸鱼对气候的影响，主要是能减少大量二氧化碳，减少温室效应，故B选项"鲸鱼如何帮助地球降温"作为题目最合适。故选B。

本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了捕鲸对气候的影响。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

16~20.【答案】C、F、E、D、G【解析】（1）联系上文题。根据上文Foodwastehasbecomeasevereproblemacrosstheworldduetoalackofunderstandingofhowtoeffectivelyusefoodandconserveit.Roughlyone-thirdofthefoodproducedgloballyiseitherlostorwastedeveryyear.（由于缺乏对如何有效利用和保存食物的了解，食物浪费已经成为一个严重的问题。每年全球生产的粮食大约有三分之一不是丢失就是浪费。）结合后文提到了停止食物浪费日，可知，本句与上文构成转折，故C．Food

waste，however，can

be

stopped.（然而，食物浪费是可以停止的。）符合语境，故选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据上文StopFoodWasteDayisaninternationaldayofactioninthefightagainstfoodwaste.Itbeganbackin2017byCompassGroup，oneoftheworld'slargestfood-servicecompaniesservingrestaurants，cafes，hospitals，schools，andmore.（"停止食物浪费日"是一个打击食物浪费的国际行动日。它始于2017年，由Compass集团创办，Compass集团是世界上最大的食品服务公司之一，为餐厅、咖啡馆、医院、学校等提供服务。）以及后文Onthisday，Compasscountryteamswillworktogethertoraiseawarenessofthecriticalfoodwasteproblemandinspirechange.（在这一天，Compass国家团队将共同努力，提高人们对严重粮食浪费问题的认识，并鼓励变革。）可知，上文提到了Compass集团，故本句承接上文继续介绍Compass集团对食物浪费的态度，下文就是其具体行动，故F．Compass

Group

promised

to

reduce

food

waste

by

30%

by

2025.（Compass集团承诺到2025年减少30%的食物浪费。）符合语境，故选F。

（3）细节理解题。根据上文StopFoodWasteDayaimstoeducatepeopleabouttheirfoodwaste.（"停止食物浪费日"旨在教育人们减少食物浪费。）以及后文StopFoodWasteDayhopestochangethewayleftoversareused，sopeoplecantakethemostsignificantadvantageofwhatfoodtheyuse.（"停止食物浪费日"希望改变剩饭剩菜的使用方式，这样人们就能最大限度地利用他们所使用的食物。）可知，后文提到了"停止食物浪费日"希望改变剩饭剩菜的使用方式，即为减少食物浪费提供了解决方案，故E．More

importantly，it

offers

creative

and

impactful

solutions.（更重要的是，它提供了创造性和有影响力的解决方案。）符合语境，故选E。

（4）联系下文题。根据后文Showyoursupportbylookingupsimplerecipestobestuseleftoversandfreshproduce.Beforefoodshopping，planaheadbymakingalistandonlybuyingwhatyouknowyou'lluse.（通过查找简单的食谱来表达你的支持，最好地利用剩菜和新鲜农产品。在购买食物之前，提前计划好，列一张清单，只买你知道你会用的东西。）可知，后文提到了食谱对减少食物浪费的作用。故D．Help

schedule

cooking

demonstrations

a