中国概况 期末考试

第第页中国概况期末考试

中国文化概况期末复习

一、名词说明

1、theGrandCanal

Themostfamousman-madecanalinChinaistheGrandCanalbetweenBeijingandHangzhou,1801kminlength.ItPassesthroughthecityofTianjinandfourprovincesandlinksfivemajorrivers.Thecanalwasopentonavigationover1000yearsago.Itplayedandimportantroleinfacilitatingtradebetweenthesouthandthenorthandwasregardedasthecountrystransportationandinformationhighwaybeforetheadventoftherailway.

2、theWhiteHorseTemple

TheWhiteHorseTemple,located21kilometreseastoftheLouyangCity,HenanProvince,wasthefirstofficiallybuiltBuddhisttempleinChinaintheEasternHanDynasty.ItwasnamedafterthewhitehorsethatcarriedtheBuddhistscripturesfromIndiatoLuoyang,thenthecapitalofthecountry.

3、theBookofSongs

TheBookofSongsisacollectionofChinas305oldestpoemsfromtheearlyWesternZhouDynastytothemiddleSpringandAutumnPeriod,andisregardedastheearliestrealisticliteratureinChina.

4、theFourLiteraryEminences

TheFourLiteraryEminencesrefertothefourpre-eminentpoetsoftheearlyTangDynasty,WangBo,YangJiong,LuoBinwang,andLuZhaolin,thepioneersofTangpoetry.Theirpoems,inarefinedlanguage,boastbeautifultonalpatternsandrhymeschemes.

5、BeijingOpera

BeijingOperaisregardedasChinasnationalopera.Singing,recitation,acting,andacrobaticfightingarethefourartisticmeansandthefourbasicskillsofBeijingOpera.

6、Shaan*iOpera

Shan*iOpera，theoldestofalltheChineseoperasthatarestilline*istencetoday,isthetypicaloperapopularofShaan*iProvince.

7、YueOpera(越剧)

YueOperaisonetypeoftraditionallocaloperasthatoriginatedinSheng*ianCounty,ZhejiangProvince,butitispopularthroughoutZhejiangProvinceandShanghaiaswellasinmanylargeandmedium-sizedcitiesthroughoutthecountry.

8、YueOpera(粤剧)

YueOperaisonetypeoftraditionallocaloperas,popularinGuangdongandGuang*iprovincesandinChinesecommunitiesinSouthAsiaandAmerica.

9、PrivateSchools

Aprivateschoolreferstoaschoolsetupbyafamily,generallywithjustoneteacherwhogaveindividualtuition,andwithneithersette*tbooksnorspecifiedtimespanofstudy.

10、OfficialSchools

OfficialSchoolsbeganduringtheWesternZhouDynasty,andweresponsoredbytheofficialconstitutioncalled*iang*ue.Onlychildrenofnobleswereadmitted.Theofficialschoolingsystemincludedacentralschoolandlocalschoolsindifferentadministrativeregions.TheteachingmaterialswerecenteredonTheFourBooksandTheFiveClassics.

11、Ping-PongDiplomacy

InApril1971,atthe31stWorldTableTennisTournamentinJapan,theChineseteaminvitedtheUnitedStatestabletennis(Ping-Pong)teamtovisitChina.In1972,theChinesetabletennisteamacceptedtheinvitationtopayreturnvisittotheUnitedStates.Thefriendlye*changebetweenthetabletennisplayersofthetwocountriesopenedthedoortowarmerrelationsbetweenthetabletennisplayersofthetwocountriesopenedthedoortowarmerrelationsbetweentheChineseandAmericannations,andbecomeknownasPing-PongDiplomacy.

12、SpringFestival

SpringFestival,alsocalledtheChineseNewYear,isChinasmostimportantfestivalthatfallsonthe1stdayofthe1stlunarmontheachyear.FamilymembersgatherjustastheydoforChristmasintheWest.

13、LanternFestival

TheLanternFestival,celebratedonthe15thdayofthefirstlunarmonth,iscloselyrelatedtotheSpringFestival.ItmarkstheendoftheNewYearcelebrations,followingwhichlifereturnstonormal.

14、theSilkRoad

TheSilkRoadwasthemaintraderouterunningthroughAsiainancienttimes.ItstartedfromtheWeishuiValleyintheeastandendedontheeastcoastoftheMediterranean,fromwhereitledtovariousplacesaroundEurope.FromtheWesternHanDynastyon,ChinaandtheWestwasformed,andculturale*changesandfriendlyvisitswerepromoted.

15、Chinesebatik

BatikisatraditionalChinesefolkart,whichcombinespaintinganddyeing.ItpresentsavarietyofethnicstylesandismostpopularamongtheBuyi,theMiaoandtheYaoethnicgroup.

16、Huabiao

Huabiaoarepairedceremonialcolumnserectedinfrontofpalaceortomb,usuallycarvedwithdragonandphoeni*patterns,withatransverse-engravedstoneslabonitstop.

17、theBund

The1.5kmbeltalongtheHuangpuRiverbetweenWaibaiduBridgeandEastYananRoadiscalledtheBund.Here,thoseEuropean-stylebuildings,oncehousedforeignconsulates,banks,commercialfirmsandnewspaperoffices,arestillinusetoday.Wheneveningcomes,thebanksoftheHuangpuRiverarebusywithstrollingyoungcouplesandthrongsofforeigntourists.

二、填空

1、TheredcolourofthenationalflagofthePRCsymbolisesrevolutionandtheyellowcolourofthestarsthegoldenbrilliantraysradiatingfromthevastredland.ThedesignoffoursmallerstarssurroundingabiggeronesignifiestheunityoftheChinesepeopleundertheleadershipoftheCommunistPartyofChina.

2、Chinaisacountryofvariedtopographicalfeatureswithhighlandsinthewestandplainsintheeast.Mountainouslandandveryroughterrainsmakeupabout67%ofChineseterritory,basinsandplains33%.

3、OfthemanyBuddhistMountains,MountWutai,MountEmei,MountPutuoandMountJiuhuaareacceptedastheFourSacredBuddhistMountainsinChina.

4、Amongtheliterarygiants,LiBaiandDuFuareregardedasthetwinmasteroftheTangDynasty.

5、DuFu,theSaintPoet,hasbeenregardedasthegreatestrealisticpoetinChineseliterature.

6、LiBai,theCelestialPoet,haslongbeenconsideredthegreatestromanticpoetinChinese

literature.

7、Undergraduatestudiescoverbasiccourses,specialtybasiccourses,andspecialty

courses.Collegeanduniversitystudentsalsohaveawidechoiceofe*tracurricularactivitiesandeveryinstitutionofhigherlearninghasastudentassociationpracticingself-management,self-education,andself-service.

8、LiShizhenoftheMingDynasty,whosemonumentalmasterpiece,CompendiumofMeteria

Medica,includes1892medicinalsubstances,11096prescriptions,and1162illustrations.Eight

hundredandthirty-fiveyearsearlierthanthene*tpharmacopeiaintheworld,thisbookhasbeentranslatedintovariouslanguagesandcirculatedthroughoutmanycountries.

9、Qigongisdividedintotwocategories:thetorsoandtrainingspecificarmandlegmuscles

10、Thefive-animale*erciseisasetofhealth-buildinge*erciseimitatingthemovementsof

fiveanimalstiger,deer,bear,apeandbird.

11、Generallyspeaking,therearethreeessentialfactorsbywhichChinesecookingisjudged,

namelycolour,aroma,andtaste,withtastebeingthemostimportant.

12、Ataformalbanquet,thehostpreparesadequateseatingfortheguests.Specialguestsandtheelderlysitonthenorthsideofthetableordirectlyfacingtheentrancetotheroom.Theconceptofhonoredsouth,humblenorthiscloselyrelatedwithChinesetraditionaletiquette.13、Thelayoutofancientarchitectureisplain;fle*ible;beautiful.

14、Theglazewasnormallyinoneoffourcolours:yellow,green,blue,black.

15、TheThirteenMingTombsaresituatedatthefootoftheHeavenlyLongevityMountainto

thenorthwestofBeijing.Amongthe

16emperorsintheMingDynasty,13wereburiedintheMing

tombarea,alongwith23empresses,andmanyconcubines,princes,princessesandmaids.三、翻译Chinesepagodascomeinvarioussizesandshapes.Someresemblestowers,otherspavilionsandstillothersaresimilartopyramids.Somestandalone,andothershavebeenbuiltinclusters.

四、简答

1、ThedevelopmentofancientChinesephilosophy

Ingeneral,ancientChinesephilosophyprogressesthroug