21世纪大学英语应用型综合教程 IV：U5-B Language and Cultural Points

Unit5:LanguageandCulturalPointsdeli—n.ashopsellingready-to-eatfoodproductsExamples:Surveyshavefoundthatnearlyhalfofalldeliworkersengageinunsafepractices.Healwaysbuysasandwichfromanearbydeliforlunch.调查显示大约半数熟食店的雇员都存在卫生问题｡他经常会从附近的熟食店买一份三明治作午餐｡Unit5:LanguageandCulturalPointscroissant—n.asmallsweetrollwithacurvedshape,eatenesp.atbreakfastExamples:Thecroissantisaswidelytravelledastheburger.Ialmostchokedonmycroissant.我差点被羊角面包噎住｡羊角面包像汉堡包一样广受欢迎｡Unit5:LanguageandCulturalPoints—n.awayofdescribingsth.byreferringtoitassth.differentandsuggestingthatithassimilarqualitiestothatthingExamples:Inpoetrytheroseisoftenametaphorforlove.Thisisametaphorforhowmuchweneedloveandhowmuchweneedtobeneeded.诗歌中常用玫瑰花来隐喻爱情｡metaphor这是一个隐喻,它折射出我们多么需要爱,同时又多么需要被别人需要｡Unit5:LanguageandCulturalPoints—a.notcontrolledbystrictrulesbutbasedonindividualjudgmentExamples:Nostudentwillhavetopaybackmorethan10percentoftheirdiscretionaryincometowardtheirstudentdebt.TheCommissionalsohasdiscretionarypowertoawardextrafund.没有一个学生的每月偿还额会超过自己可自由支配收入的10%。discretionary本委员会也有自由决定赠与额外专款的权力｡Unit5:LanguageandCulturalPoints—ad.notveryoftenExamples:Herarelyassociateswithotherstudentsonthecampus.Youjustdidsomethingthatmostofusrarelydo.他很少和校园里的其他学生交往。rarely你所做的都是我们大部分人很少做的｡Unit5:LanguageandCulturalPointsThey’reminorpurchases—nothingonparwithamortgageorcarnotesorelectricbills—soweeasilyspend,figuringwhysweatsmallchange?Theyaresmallthingsandtheyarenothingcomparedtoamortgageorcarnotesorelectricbills,soweeasilyspendmoneyonthesethingsandthinkthatwedon’tneedtosavethissmallamountofmoney.Paraphrase:Unit5:LanguageandCulturalPointsminor—a.smallandnotveryimportantorserious,especiallywhencomparedwithotherthingsExamples:Toomuchattentionisputonminorissues,butnotenoughonmajorissues.Thesemightseemlikeminorissues,buttheresultscanbesurprising.对次要问题关注太多,而对主要问题却关注不足｡这些看起来可能是小问题,但是后果却可能是惊人的｡Unit5:LanguageandCulturalPointsminor—n.sb.whoisbelowtheageatwhichtheybecomelegallyresponsiblefortheiractionsExamples:Beingaminor,hewouldnotbechargedasanadultforacriminalact.Ifanyofmychildrenareminorsatthetimeofmydeath,

Inominatemymotherasguardianofthepersonsandestatesofsuchminorchildren.作为未成年人,他将不会因犯罪行为像成年人一样被起诉｡如果在我去世时我的孩子们仍未成年,那么我指定我的母亲为他们的监护人,并且保管属于这几个未成年孩子的遗产｡Unit5:LanguageandCulturalPointsonparwith—ofthesameclassorlevelExamples:Thiscountry’seconomywasonparwithothercountries’intheregion.Thecompanyshouldinvestinupdatingitstechnologytobeonparwithagrowingnumberofcompetitors.这个国家的经济与本地区其他国家相比毫不逊色｡该公司应该花钱进行技术升级,以便与日益增多的竞争对手处于同一起跑线｡

Unit5:LanguageandCulturalPointswadethrough—todealwithorreadsth.thatisboringandtakesalotoftimeExamples:

It’stoolaboriousandtime-consumingforthemtowadethrougheveryblogposttoseethosethey’lllike.Itwasaverylongreport.Ittookmethreehourstowadethrough.他们需要浏览每个博客才能看到他们喜欢的,这太费时费力了｡那是一个很长的报告。我花了三个小时总算读完了｡

Unit5:LanguageandCulturalPointsstatement—n.1.arecordshowingamountsofmoneypaid,received,

owed,etc.Examples:Mybanksendsmemonthlystatements.Theirstatementhadbeenwrong,soIhadpaidthewrongamountoftax.银行每月会把我的月度清单寄给我｡他们给出的对账单出现了错误,因此,我的缴税数目有误｡

Unit5:LanguageandCulturalPoints—n.2.sth.yousayorwrite,esp.publiclyorofficiallyExamples:Thegovernmenthasputoutastatementdenyingtheserumors.Afterthisstatement,wewillnotmakeanyresponsetodivorcematters.政府发表了一项声明,否认了这些谣言｡本声明以后,我们将不会就离婚事宜再作任何回应｡

statementUnit5:LanguageandCulturalPointsmurmur—v.tomakeasoft,lowsoundExamples:Twobrowneyeslookatmesodeeply,soinnocently,

andinsideImurmur,Thischildisasong.Sometimes,shewilljustmurmurorwillnotclearlyanswerthequestion.一双棕色的眼睛如此深邃地看着我,如此天真,我在心里低语:“这个小孩就是一首歌。”有时,她只会低语或者回答问题不清不楚｡

Unit5:LanguageandCulturalPointsmicroscopic—a.extremelysmallandthereforeverydifficulttoseeExamples:Microscopicimplantswillrestrainconvictsfromengagingincriminalactivity.Althoughthemicroscopiccreatureslookbeautifulinphotographs,manyarenotevenvisibletothehumaneye.微小的植入芯片将阻止罪犯从事犯罪活动｡尽管这些微生物在照片上看起来很美丽,但很多仅用肉眼是看不见的｡

Unit5:LanguageandCulturalPointsmoreover—ad.inadditionExamples:Thepriceistoohigh,andmoreover,thehouseisn’tinasuitableposition.Bicyclingisagoodexercise;moreover,itiseasytolearn.房价太高,而且房屋的地点也不太合适｡骑自行车是一种很好的锻炼方式,并且很容易学。Unit5:LanguageandCulturalPointstangible—

a.clearenoughordefiniteenoughtobeeasilyseenornoticedExamples:Thosearejustthemoretangiblehurdles.Onceyouhavepeople’sattention,youcanoftenturnitintoatangibleprofit.那些仅仅是更为有形的障碍｡一旦你引起了人们的注意,你通常可以把它变成一种有形的利润｡

Unit5:LanguageandCulturalPointsvague—a.unclearExamples:Onemustnotbevagueonmattersofprinciple.Butbecauseofitsvaguedefinition,thepracticeismisunderstood.在原则问题上不能含糊｡但由于它模糊的定义,这项措施被误解了｡

Unit5:LanguageandCulturalPointscategory—n.agroupofpeopleorthingsthatareallofthesametypeExamples:Putitthere;itbelongstothatcategory.Thesearevaluesfortheproductandnotthecategory.把它放在那儿,它属于那一类｡这些值是针对产品而不是针对类别的。Unit5:LanguageandCulturalPointsoblivious—a.unabletorememberornotawareorinformedExamples:Becausewecontinuallyexperiencedesire,weareoblivioustoitspresenceinus.Lotsoforganizationsareoblivioustotheirownproblems.我们不断地体验欲望,因而忘却了它的存在。许多组织对他们自己存在的问题一片茫然。Unit5:LanguageandCulturalPointsonthecontrary—quitetheoppositeExamples:Itdoesn’tseemuglytome;onthecontrary,Ithinkit’sratherbeautiful.Onthecontrary,itfillsmewithstrengthandcourage.正好相反,它让我充满了力量和勇气｡我觉得它并不丑,恰恰相反,我认为它很美｡Unit5:LanguageandCulturalPointsyearn—v.tohaveastrongdesireforsth.,esp.sth.thatisdifficultorimpossibletogetExamples:Weyearnendlesslyforthethingsmoneycannotbuy:love,

friendshipandjoy.SometimesIyearnforthosedayswhentearsandlaughtersbothcameeasy.有时,我很渴望回到那些眼泪和欢笑都来得容易的日子。我们无限渴望那些金钱买不到的东西:爱、友谊和快乐。Unit5:LanguageandCulturalPointsfancy—v.tolikeorwantsth.,orwanttodosth.ExamplesDoyoufancytheBackStreetBoys?Idon’tfancygoingallthatwayinsuchbadweather.我不喜欢在这样的坏天气里走那么远。你喜欢“后街男孩”吗？Unit5:LanguageandCulturalPoints—a.expensiveandfashionable,withalotofdecorationsorbrightcolors出于环保考虑,这对新人在前往婚宴时选用自行车来代替豪车。Examples:Tobeenvironmentallyfriendly,thecouplechosetogoonbikesinsteadoffancyautomobilestotheirweddingreception.Butdoyoureallyneedallthatjewelryandallthosefancyclothes?但你真的需要那些珠宝和这些昂贵的衣服吗？fancyUnit5:LanguageandCulturalPointsindulgence—n.sth.thatyoudoorhaveforpleasure,notbecauseyouneeditExamples:

Allthepleasuresandindulgencesoftheweekendareover,andImustgetdowntosomeserioushardwork.Thereisnotimeforself-indulgence.周末的所有欢乐和放纵都结束了,我现在必须得严肃认真地工作了。没有时间自我放纵了。Unit5:LanguageandCulturalPointsrevelry—n.wildnoisydancing,eating,drinking,etc.,usuallytocelebratesth.Examples:Therevelrywassuddenlystoppedbymyfather.Wecouldhearsoundsofrevelryfromnextdoor.我父亲突然终止了那次狂欢宴会。我们能听到隔壁纵饮狂欢的声音。Unit5:LanguageandCulturalPointsmakeahashof—tomesssth.upExamples:Shecouldchooseonewhowouldnotmakeahashofthings.Determinednottomakeahashofit,Isoughtadvicefromacolleagueintheoffice.她可以选择一位不会把事情弄糟的人。我决定不仓促行事,特地请教了办公室里的一位同事。Unit5Exercises:LanguageFocusReplacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.moreoverminorstatementcategoryrevelryrarelyvaguetangibleButinreality,weseldomthinkaboutthesebigexperiencesonadailybasis,simplybecausetheydonotoccurtouseveryday.2.Thisisasmallpoint,butitmustnotbeoverlooked.rarelyminorUnit5Exercises:LanguageFocus3.Ifyouhaveacheckingaccount,thebanksendsyouyourdetailedaccountmonthly.4.Thecompositionisnotwellwritten,andinaddition,therearemanyspellingmistakesinit.statement

moreoverReplacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.moreoverminorstatementcategoryrevelryrarelyvaguetangibleUnit5Exercises:LanguageFocus5.Theresultsofthissurveycanbedividedintothreemainsorts.categoriesReplacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.moreoverminorstatementcategoryrevelryrarelyvaguetangibleReadthefollowingpassage.ForeachnumberedblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestone.1.

A.

sameB.

differentC.

easyD.

difficult2.

A.

whichB.

whatC.

whereD.

that3.

A.

thatB.

whatC.

howD.

whichFiguringouthowmuchmoneytosavewitheachpaycheckisthemilliondollarquestion.You’llhearcountlesssuggestions:fivepercent,tenpercent,100dollarsandsoon.Theproblemwithallthesavingrulesisthateverybody’sfinancialsituationis1._______.Sobeforewecananswerthequestionofhowmuchmoneyyoushouldbesavingfromyourpaycheck,weneedtodigalittledeepertosee2.______youstandfinanciallyandwhatyourprioritiesare.Thefirstquestionyouneedtoansweris3._____youaresavingdifferentwhere

whatUnit5Exercises:ClozeReadthefollowingpassage.ForeachnumberedblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestone.4.

A.

snowyB.sunnyC.

cloudyD.

rainy5.

A.

currentlyB.ultimatelyC.

recentlyD.

lately6.

A.

HoweverB.ThereforeC.

MoreoverD.

rare7.

A.

easyB.difficultC.

commonD.

major8.

A.

realityB.situationC.

matterD.

sense9.

A.

ontheearthB.inearthC.

onearthD.

intheearththemoneyfor.Savingfora4.______day,forthedownpaymentonahouse,orforretirement,allrequiredifferentstrategiesandwill5.________decidehowmuchyou’llneedtosave.6.________,youneedtotakeamomenttoidentifywhatyou’retryingtosavefor.

It’s7.______tosimplyidentifywhatyouneedtosavemoneyfor,butin8.______you’veprobablygotanumberoffinancialissuesdominatingyourlifeatthesametime.How9._________canapersonrainyultimatelyThereforeeasyUnit5Exercises:ClozerealityonearthReadthefollowingpassage.ForeachnumberedblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestone.10.

A.examplesB.

placesC.

timesD.cases11.

A.rightnowB.

righthereC.

rightawayD.rightabout12.

A.inB.

atC.

onD.for13.

A.abilityB.

possibilityC.

probabilityD.necessityfindthemoneytodoitall?Inmany10.______,youcan’t.That’swhyyouneedtoprioritize.Thinkaboutyoursituationandwhatismostimportantforyou11._______.Ifyoudon’thavealotofdebtbutsimplyhaveacoupleofsavingsgoals,determinewhichismoreimportantandputyourfocus12.___that.

Yournextstepistostartslowly.Ifyou’veidentifiedthatyouneedtosave$100perpaycheckbutsimplydon’thavethe13.________tocasesrightnowonUnit5Exercises:ClozeabilityReadthefollowingpassage.ForeachnumberedblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestone.14.

A.

minorB.

majorC.

bigD.

large15.

A.

controlB.

changeC.

formD.

deci