2022-2023年河北省廊坊市大学英语6级大学英语六级

2022-2023年河北省廊坊市大学英语6级大学英语六级学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

WhooncehadtolearntheAuto-TunetechniquefromT-Pain?

A.DixieChicks.B.Metallica.C.Diddy.D.Prince.

2.

1caloriesonafoodpackageequalsto1kilocalorie.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Mnemonicsinforeignlanguageacquisitionisnotamodemart.

A.YB.NC.NG

4.

Fromthepassageweknowthatthewriterisunsatisfiedwiththevillageshop.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

ThedemographicchangeinruralEuropewillhaveanegativeeffectoneveryaspectofthelocaleconomyfromtouristindustryincometoagriculturaloutputs.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

LackofpreventionstrategiesandtreatmentprogramsmakesthedevelopingcountriesthelargestinthenumberofHIVinfection.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

Thepointofprogramminglanguagesistopreventourpoorfrailhumanbrainsfrom______.

8.

Theinstructioninthefirstlanguageisakeypartofagoodbilingualprogram.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

NoWestern-style.librariesexistedforthegenerationpublicinChinauntil___________.

10.

RalphWaldoEmersonandHenryDavidThoreauaregreatenvironmentalists.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

Whenthechlorophyllisdecreasing,______arethemostimportantweatherconditionsaffectthecolordisplaysofleaves.

12.

Abdominalpainoccurringbeforemealindicates______.

13.

Bothbloodpressureandtheeffectsofstresswillbedecreasedbytheincreaseof______.

14.

Unemploymentmeansalotoftime,especiallyforthosehard-chargingexecutiveswhoarenotusedtohavingany______time.

15.

TheGladstonefamilymadeagreatfortuneby______.

16.Themisunderstandingofawordcouldevenaffectthewayawarended.

17.

Itisstatedinthepassagethattestshelpstudentsdiscoverboth______.

18.

Althoughsomepeopleareannoyedby______ofsingularthey,thisconstructionisusedmoreandmorefrequentlytosolvethepronounproblem.

19.

Theimportantpartofthedefinitionofariveris______.

20.

Someoneusedtocheatinthetestby______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.听力原文：M:Goodafternoon.IhaveanappointmentwithMissKarliatfouro'clock.

W:That'sright.I'mMisskarli,Docomeinandsitdown.

M:Thankyouverymuch.

W:Isentyouanapplicationfatal.Didyoureceiveit?

M:YesIdid.I'vecompleteditandbroughtitwithme.Hereitis.

W:Oh,thankyouverymuch.IalsosentyouacopyofourConditionsofService.

M:Yes,I'vereaditthrough.

W:So,nowyouknowallaboutourworkinghours,holidayarrangemeatsandsalaryscales.Arethereanyquestionsyouwanttoask?

M:No,thankyou,everythingwasexplainedveryclearly.

W:Good.Nowletmetellyousomethingaboutthejobandthecompany.Mr.BallitoistheManagingDirectoroftheCompanyandI'mhissecretary.Ihaveagreatdealofworktodo,soMr.Ballitohasdecidedtoemployamalesecretarytohelpme.

M:Oh,Isee.Somyworkwouldbetohelpyou?

W:Yes,youwouldanswerthetelephone,dothefilingandsomeshorthandtypewriting.Canyonuseaduplicator?

M:Yes,I'velearnthowtotypestencilsandrunoffcopiesonaduplicatoratthebank.

(23)

A.H.R.B.Manger.C.Juniorsecretary.D.Seniorsecretary.

22.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：M:Pleasetakeaseat,andwecanhavealittlerestbeforetheluggageissenttoyourroom.Howwasyourjourney?

W:Nottoobad.Theflightwasquitesmooth,butwe'veflownforsome16hours.

Q:Whereistheconversationmostlikelytakingplace?

(12)

A.Atahotel.B.Atatheatre.C.Atacinema.D.Atanairport.

23.(36)

A.Itissmallbutdelicatelybuiltacrosstheharbour.

B.Itdoesn'thaveanyrestaurantsinit.

C.Itsfoundationis67metersabovesealevel.

D.Itsroofissupportedonabout600concretecolumns.

24.

【B11】

25.【B11】

26.听力原文：W:Howdoyoufindyournewapartment?

M:Well,it'squitenicereally,althoughI'mhavingahardtimegettingusedtosuchabigbuilding.

Q:Whatistheman'sproblem?

(13)

A.Hecan'tfindhisnewbuilding.

B.He'snotsatisfiedwiththebigapartment.

C.He'snotaccustomedtothelargebuilding.

D.He'shavingahardtimefindinganapartment.

27.(25)

A.Itwasin1893whenChicagowasstillasmalltown.

B.ItbrokeoutwhenChicagowasn'tevenfortyyearsold.

C.Itdidn't'affectChicagosignificantly.

D.Itwasin1871whenChicagowasfourteenyearsold.

28.(41)

29.听力原文：M:ElizabethVega'smockindictmentappearsinanewbookentitledUnitedStatesv.GeorgeW.Bush,etal.Vegaspent20yearsintheU.S.Attorney'soffice.ShejoinsushereinNewYork.WelcometoDemocracyNow!

W:Thanksforhavingme,John.

M:Vegawasaformerfederalprosecutor;shehasdraftedanindictmentofPresidentBush,VicePresidentCheneyandothertopofficialsfortrickingthenationintowarandforconspiracytodefraudtheUnitedStates.

W:Well,IwasanAssistantU.S.Attorneyupuntil2004,soIwasstillworkingasanAssistantU.S.AttorneywhenthePresidentandhissenioraidesstartedtheirmarketingcampaignforthewar.

M:So,howdidyoucomeupwiththemockindictment?Whatmadeyoudecidetodothis?

W:Atthattime,theEnroncasewashappening,andIwasobservingthesimilaritiesbetweenwhatthePresidentwasdoinginordertodeceivethepublicregardingthewarandthesametypeoftechniquesthattheEnronpeopleusedtodefraudtheirinvestors.

M:What,then?

W:Ofcourse,inthecaseoftheEnronfraud,thepublicwasabsolutelyoutraged,andrightlyso.Andtheyhavebeen,inthemain,heldaccountable.

M:AndthePresident?

W:Yet,thePresident,whohascausedthisfraudthathasobviouslybeenfargraverinscopeandtheconsequenceshavebeenhorrific,hasnotbeenheldaccountableinanyway.So,Iwantedtoexplaintopeopleinaverynon-chargedatmosphere,whichistheatmosphereofahypotheticalgrandjury,exactlyhowthisfitsintotheelementsofacrime,whichisconspiracytodefraudtheUnitedStates.

(23)

A.Bush,Cheneyandothertopofficials'conspiracytodefraudtheUnitedStates.

B.Bush,Cheneyandothertopofficialstrickingthenationintowar.

C.Bush,Cheneyandothertopofficials'compromiseinthewar.

D.Bush,Cheneyandothertopofficialsdeceivingthepublicregardingthewar.

30.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Itiscommonlyheldthatdrinkingmoderateamountsofalcoholcanreducetheoddsofhavingadeadlyheartattack.More【B1】______benefitstothehearthave【B2】______whenpeoplehadthreetosevendrinksperday.Butdoctorsadviseagainstthatbecauseheavydrinkingisassociatedwitha【B3】______ofproblems.Itcanbeliverdamagesor【B4】______fertility.Dr.PekkaKarhunen,oftheUniversityofTampereinFinland,saidthat【B5】______reportsthatoneortwoalcoholicdrinksperdaycouldhelp【B6】______offheartdisease.Thatappearedtohavebeen"【B7】______".Ofhisstudy,releasedattheAmericanHeartAssociations【B8】______meeting,Karhunensaidinaninterviewthat"thereisnodangerinoneortwodrinksperday,butthebenefitisquitelow."【B9】______.Thedrinksincludebeer,wineorliquor.Karhunenandhiscolleagueschose700Finnishmenwhohaddiedbetweentheagesof33and70.Theresearchers【B10】______.Thescientistsfoundthathavingfewerthanthreedrinksperdaydidnotreducetheprogressofanyheartdiseaseandonly"slightly"minimizedthechanceofhavingafatalheartattack.【B11】______.

【B1】

31.听力原文：W:Tony,Ihavebeenhearingsomuchinthenewsaboutdifferentpresidentialcandidates,CanyoutellmealittleabouthowAmericanselecttheirPresident?

M:Well,it'salongprocess.Westartoffbydecidingwhotheofficialcandidateforeachpoliticalpartywillbe.Usually,apersonfirstannouncesthatheorshewantstorunforPresident.Ifyouwanttobeyourparty'sofficialcandidate,youneedtoraisemoneyandgathersupportfrompartymembers.Candidatesusuallycampaigntoletpeopleknowwhattheyrepresent.Theygivespeeches,meetwithcommunityleaders,andparticipateindebates.Thisprocesslastsforseveralmonths,andthenthepartymembersvotetodecidewhotheywanttobackintheelection.

W:DoyouhavetoberichtobecomePresident?

M:Youdon'treallyhavetoberichtobecomePresident,butithelps.Usuallyrichpeoplehavemoreconnectionsandcanraisemoneymoreeffectively.MostofourPresidentsinthepasthavebeenrelativelyrichmen,butnotallofthem.

W:So,howdoyoumakethefinaldecision?

M:Afterseveralmonthsoftelevisionads,interviews,speeches,andkissingbabieswehavethepresidentialelection.Citizensgotoavotingcenterandcasttheirballotforthecandidateoftheirchoice.

W:Yousoundedalittlecynicalwhenyousaid"kissingbabies".Whatdidyoumeanbythat?

M:Well,it'squitecommonforpoliticianstohavethemselvesphotographedkissingbabies.It'stheirwayoftryingtoappearintouchwiththeaverageAmerican,butitlooksreallyphony.Thesedays,becomingPresidentisallaboutacting.Thecandidatestrytoappealtosomanydifferentpeoplethattheyendupabandoningtheirownopinions.Sometimes,itfeelslikethepartiesareallthesame.

W:Howmanypartiesarethere?

M:WehavemanypoliticalpartiesintheUnitedStates.butmostofthemarequitesmall.Therearereallyonlytwowithsignificantpower,theDemocratsandtheRepublicans.

(20)

A.Raisingmoney.

B.Gatheringsupportfromothers.

C.Givingspeeches.

D.Choosingtheofficialcandidateforeachpoliticalparty.

32.(24)

A.Therewardsfortheleader.

B.Thereputationofaleader.

C.Theapproachtoachievinggoals.

D.Thepaymentofemployees.

33.听力原文：W:IfeelsouneasyabouttrustingDavidwithourmoney.Howaboutyou?

M:Somepeoplesayhe'snotreliable,butothershavealotofconfidenceinhim.I'mwillingtogivehimthebenefitofthedoubt.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(13)

A.HethinksDavidisnotreliable.

B.He'swillingtotrustDavid.

C.HehastoldhisdoubtstoDavid.

D.HethinksDavidwillbenefitfromthisexperience.

34.(26)

A.Thewomanismakingmovieswithcomputers.

B.Themanisstudyingfineartsasamajor.

C.Thewomanhasrealtalentforcomputersciences.

D.Themanstilldefendsfinearts.

35.听力原文：M：Gotobedearlyandgetsomerest,Tom．Youhavetogetupearlytocatchtheschoolbustomorrowmorning.

W：ButIhavetostudy．We’regoingtohaveanEnglishtesttomorrowandIwanttodowellthistime．

Q：What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?

(17)

A.Fatheranddaughter.

B.Motherandson.

C.Teacherandpupil.

D.Doctorandpatient.

36.(32)

A.Saws,choppers,axes,tongs,hooks.

B.Axes,saws,choppers,tongs,hooks.

C.Choppers,axes,saws,hooks,tongs.

D.Axes,saws,choppers,hooks,tongs.

37.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Miceingeneralarenotwell-liked,butamousenamedMickeyhaswontheheartsofmillions.MoviesaboutMickeyMousehavebeenpopularwithaudiencesalmosteverywhereformorethanseventyyears.

WaltDisney,whocreatedthislovablecartooncharacter,wasborninChicagoin,1901.LaterhisfamilymovedtoafarmnearKansasCity,whereWaltworkedforatime.asanewsboy.Butwhathereallyenjoyedwasdrawingpictures.

WhenWattwentbacktoChicago,hestudiedcartooningattheChicagoAcademyofFineArts.HiseducationwasinterruptedwhenWorldWarIbeganin1914.Thoughhewasnotyetoldenoughtojointhearmy,hewantedtohelpinsomeway.HejoinedtheRedCrossandwenttoFrance,wherehestayeduntilthewarwasover.

Afterthewar,DisneyreturnedtoKansasCitytoworkforacompanythatmadefairystorycartoons.Thiswasthekindofworkhelikedbest.Hemadeuphismindtofindbetterwaysofmakingthecartoonsmove,sothatthecartooncharacterswouldseemalive.Heboughtanoldmoviecameraandmadeafewfilmsinhisgarage.In1923hejoinedhisolderbrother,Roy,inHollywood,California,wheretheysoonsetuptheirowncompany.

Soundwasjuststartingtobeusedinmovies,andDisneybelievedithadgreatpossibilities.Hequicklyaddedsoundtohiscartoons.WhenhemadeMickeyMousetalkonthemoviescreen,audiencesweredelighted.Mickeybecameagreatsuccesswithbothyoungandold.

(27)

A.Tellingstories.

B.Drawingpictures.

C.Deliveringnewspapers.

D.Joiningthearmy.

38.(29)

A.Theyarewillingtodonatetheirfaces.

B.Theyareconcernedaboutmoralproblems.

C.Theywouldaccepttheideaoffacetransplant.

D.Theyhavenocluewhatfacetransplantmeans.

39.

【B4】

40.听力原文：W:ManyChinesestudentsjustdon'topentheirmouthtosayanythinginaclassroom.

M:Ithinktheydon'tspeakbecausetheirculturevaluesmodesty,andtheydon'twanttoappeartobeshowingoff.GoesbacktoConfucius.

Q:Whydon'tChinesestudentssayanythinginclassaccordingtotheman?

(14)

A.Theyaretooshy.

B.Theyarenotallowedtospeak.

C.Theyaremodest.

D.Theydon'tdaretospeak.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Welearnedfromthepassagethat______.

A.evenin2030,obstaclesstillexistinreadingandinterpretinghumanthought

B.nowadayspeoplefeelangrywiththedominationofthehistorybyelites

C.bytheyear2050,humanbeingscanleadaneverlastinglifebiologically

D.peoplecanonly"livein"silicontogetanimmortallife

42.(60)

43.

Observationpostshavebeensetupalongsidethemostdangerouscratersto______.

44.

【C3】

45.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoataneverearlierage.Thisisn'tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope'sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopersandadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe"irresistiblemomentumofindividualism"overthelastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolution,theshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavocon(扰乱)Europeans'privatelives.

Europe'sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope'sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmerican-style.capitalism.Raisedinanearofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today'stechsavvy(精通技术的)workershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModernEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage—twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestyle.choice.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative—darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles.Theywereyoung,beautiful,strong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.

Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn'tleavemuchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn'tgottimetogetlonelybecausehehastoomuchwork."Ihavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult."Onlyanidealwomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufmann,authorofarecentbookcalled"TheSingleWomanandPrinceCharming",thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreofmates,sorelationshipsdon'tlastlong—iftheystartatall.Eppendorf,ablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe'dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid—giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,"I'vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife."

MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecause______.

A.theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualism

B.theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierage

C.theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstability

D.theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture

46.

WhatdotheremarksofTremainemeanattheendofthepassage?

A.Theoverturnofthepresentstudyfruitmaybetokennewbreakthroughs.

B.Ifwewanttoachievesomethingoriginal,wemustthrowawaytheold.

C.Thefruitsavailableineachfieldcouldn'tholdwateralltheway.

D.Itisalwaysexcitingexperiencetodiscardtheoldandobtainthenew.

47.

Thepassageindicatesthatlitigantswholosetheircasesinthestatetrialcourtmaytakethemtoa______.

A.differenttrialcourtinthesamestate

B.courtinadifferentgeographicregion

C.federaltrialcourt

D.statesupremecourt

48.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Therearemorethan300millionsofusintheUnitedStates.andsometimesitseemslikewe'reallfriendsonFacebook.ButthesadtruthisthatAmericansarelonelierthanever.Between1985and2004,thenumberofpeoplewhosaidtherewasnoonewithwhomtheydiscussedimportantmatterstripled,to25percent,accordingtoDukeUniversityresearchers.Unfortunately,asanewstudylinkingwomentoincreasedriskofheartdiseaseshows,allthislonelinesscanbedetrimentaltoourhealth.

Thebadnewsdoesn'tjustaffectwomen.Socialisolationinalladultshasbeenlinkedtoaseriesofphysicalandmentalailments,includingsleepdisorders,highbloodpressure,andanincreasedriskofdepressionandsuicide.Howlonelyyoufeeltodayactuallypredictshowwellyou'llsleeptonightandhowdepressedyou'llfeelayearfromnow,saysJohnT.Cacioppo,aneuroscientistattheUniversityofChicagoandcoauthorofLoneliness:HumanNatureandtheNeed.forSocialConnection.Studieshaveshownthatlonelinesscancausestresslevelstoriseandcanweakentheimmunesystem.Lonelypeoplealsotendtohavelesshealthylifestyles,drinkingmorealcohol,eatingmorefatteningfood,andexercisinglessthanthosewhoarenotlonely.

ThoughmoreAmericansthaneverarelivingalone(25percentofU.S.households,upfrom7percentin1940),theconnectionbetweensingle-livingandlonelinessisinfactquiteweak."Someofthemostprofoundlonelinesscanhappenwhenotherpeoplearepresent,"saysHarryReis,professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofRochester.Takecollegefreshmen:eventhoughthey'resurroundedbypeoplealmostallthetime,manyfeelincrediblyisolatedduringthefirstquarteroftheschoolyearwiththeirfriendsandfamilymembersfaraway,Caciopposays.Studieshaveshownthathowlonelyfreshmenwillfeelcanbepredictedbyhowmanymilestheyarefromhome.Bythesecondquarter,however,mostfreshmenhavefoundsocialreplacementsfortheirhigh-schoolfriends.Unfortunately,asweage,itbecomesmoredifficulttorecreatethosesocialrelationships.AndthatcanbeabigproblemasAmericabecomesamoretransientsociety,withandincreasingnumberofAmericanswhosaythatthey'rewillingtomoveawayfromhomeforajob.

Lonelinesscanberelative:ithasbeendefinedasanaversive(反感的)emotionalresponsetoaperceiveddiscrepancybetweenaperson'sdesiredlevelsofsocialinteractionandthecontactthey'reactuallyreceiving.Peopletendtomeasurethemselvesagainstothers,feelingparticularlyaloneincommunitieswheresocialconnectionisthenorm.That'swhycollectivistcultures,likethoseinSouthernEurope,havehigherlevelsoflonelinessthanindividualistcultures,Caciopposays.Forthesamereason,isolatedindividualsfeelmostacutelyaloneonholidayslikeChristmasEveorThanksgiving,whenmostpeoplearesurroundedbyfamilyandfriends.

Fromthefirstparagraph,wecanlearntheproblemwithAmericaisthat______.

49.Thewriterthinksthatthegrowthofspecialistperiodicalshashelpedscholarsto______.

A.cutdownresearchcosts

B.keepupwithcurrentdevelopments

C.spendlesstimetraveling

D.developtheirideasmorequickly

50.

【C10】

51.

Accordingtotheauthor,whatwasthemainreasonforthefailureofherfirstdance?

52.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutAfrican-Americanyouthasawhole?

A.Theyhavemoregraduatesfromcommunitycolleges.

B.Theyscorefarbelowtheaverageeducationlevel.

C.TheyobviouslyarevictimsoftheAmericaneducationsystem.

D.Theiracademicperformancesareworsethantheirwhitepeers.

53.

Accordingtotheauthor,______.

A.itiswrongforpeopletodistrustthegovernment

B.thegovernmentplaysakeyroleintakingsomeactiontosaveourplanet

C.itisbeyondourcapabilitytosubstitutesomeofthecurrentnaturalresources

D.someactionisbeingtakenbythegovernmenttosavethenaturalresources

54.Ithappenedonemorning20yearsago.BritishscientistAlecJeffreystumbleduponDNAfingerprinting:Heidentifiedthepatternsofgenetic(基因的)materialthatareuniquetoalmosteveryindividual.Hisdiscoverychangedeverythingfromthewaywedocriminalinvestigationstothewaywedecidefamilylaw.ButtheprofessorofgeneticsattheUniversityofLeicester,UK,isstillsurprised,andabitworded,bythepowerofthetechnologyhereleasedupontheworld.

ThepatternswithinDNAareuniquetoeachindividual,exceptidenticaltwins,whosharethesamepattern.Theabilitytoidentifythesepatternshasbeenusedtoconvictmurderersandtoclearpeoplewhoarewronglyaccused.Itisalsousedtoidentifythevictimsofwarandsettledisputesoverwhoisthefatherofachild.

Jeffreysaidheandhiscolleaguesmadethediscoverybyaccidentwhiletrackinggeneticvariations.But,withinsixmonthsofthediscovery,geneticfingerprintinghadbeenusedinanimmigrationcase,toprovethatanAfricanboyreallywashisparents'son.In1986,itwasusedforthefirsttimeinaBritishcriminalcase:Itclearedonesuspectafterbeingaccusedoftworapesandmurdersandhelpedconvictanotherman.

DNAtestingisnowverycommon.InBritain,anationalcriminaldatabaseestablishedin1995nowcontains2.5millionDNAsamples(样本).TheU.S.andCanadaaredevelopingsimilarsystems.ButtherearefearsaboutthestoredDNAsamplesandhowtheycouldbeusedtoharmaperson'sprivacy.Thatincludesaperson'smedicalhistory,racialoriginorpsychologicalprofile."Thereisthelong-termriskthatpeoplecangetintothesesamplesandstartgettingadditionalinformationaboutaperson'spaternityorriskofdisease,"Jeffreysaid.

DNAtestingisnotanunfailingproofofidentity.Till,itisconsideredareasonablyreliablesystemfordeterminingthethingsitisusedfor.Jeffrey'sestimates(估计)theprobabilityoftwoindividuals'DNAprofilesmatchinginthemostcommonlyusedtestsatbetweenoneinabillionoroneinatrillion.

Thepassageismainlyabout______.

A.thediscoveryoffingerprintingbyJeffery

B.thepracticeoffingerprintingincourt

C.thefingerprintinginthepresentsituation

D.themeritsanddemeritsoffingerprinting

55.

Theauthormaintainsthatbothsidesshould______ifthetwodifferentworkstylesclashheadlong.

A.bepatientandtolerant

B.realizethatbothworkstylesareproductive

C.makeeffortstoavoiddoingdamagetotheother'sproductivity

D.makecompromisestobridgethegulfbetweenthem

56.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

YearsbeforePresidentBillClintoncametoWashingtonwithhiscampaignpledgetospendanadditional＄20,000millionannuallyonAmerica'sinfrastructure"todeveloptheworld'sbestcommunication,transportation,andenvironmentalsystems,"economistsandothersweretalkingabouttheneedtospendmoreonpublicworks.Theirdebatehasbeenalmostentirelyaboutonequestion:howmuchmore?Usuallyoverlookedintheseindiscussionsistherealinfrastructuredilemmaofthe21stcentury--nothowmuchtospendbuthowtodecidewhattobuildandwheretobuildit.

Forseveralreasons,theoldwaysofdecidingthesematterssimplydonotworkanymore.Americanstodayarefarmoreskepticalaboutthevalueofnewroads,bridges,andsewagetreatmentplantsespeciallywhentheyarelocatedintheirown.backyards.Theirfaiththatdecisionsaboutpublicworkscanbesafelyleftinthehandsofpublicofficials,engineers,andothertechnicalexpertsisgone.

Reflectingin1985uponthefinaldemiseofWestway,theproposedhighwayalongManhattan'sWestSidethathadbeenheldupfor30years,SenatorDanielPatrickMoynihanofNewYorkwrote,"Thereisakindofstasisthatisbeginningtosettleintoourpubliclife.Wecannotreachdecisions.Centralparkcouldnotconceivablybebuilttodayasitwa