Unit 5 Music Discovering Useful Structures 讲义-高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

U5Grammar过去分词用作表语1.过去分词，用在系动词后，作表语，构成“主系表”结构,表示主语的感受或状态，如：Iaminterestedinplayingthepiano.Youlookedfrightened.2.常见的系动词：a.状态系动词：beb.持续系动词：keep,remain,stay,lie,stand保持（某种）状态c.表象系动词：seem（似乎；好像）,appear（似乎；表现得）d.感官系动词：look,smell,sound,taste,feele.变化系动词：become,grow,turn,fall,getf.终止系动词：prove,turnout（证明是；结果是）3.两类动词的过去分词做表语a.表示人的情绪变化的使令性动词，如：amaze,satisfy,puzzle,excite等的过去分词在系动词后作表语，相当于形容词。Thenewsexcited(谓语动词)allofus.Thatmeansthenewswasexciting(现在分词)andwewereallexcited(过去分词)atthenews.b.有些行为动词变成过去分词后（相当于形容词），由动作变成了状态，作形容词用。如：broken碎了的closed(关闭的)crowded(拥挤的)experienced(有经验的)lost(丢失的)gone(遗失的)married(已婚的)known(著名的)written(写完的）Thebowlisbroken.（系表结构,表状态）去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或所处的状态；而被动语态中，过去分词表动作。Thecupwasbrokenbyhim.（动作）Thecupisbroken.（状态）二、过去分词用作状语1.什么是状语？（1）状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子的成分。（2）状语表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、程度、条件、方式、让步等。(3)作状语的成分：副词、介词、状语从句、非谓语TomspeaksEnglishveryfast.（副词）ThemeetingisgoingtobeheldinRoom321tomorrowmorning.（介词短语）Ifitissunny,wewillgoswimming.（状语从句）Iwenttheretoseemygrandmother.（todo作目的状语）Arrivingthere,callmeup.（现在分词时间状语）InspiredbyLeiFeng’sdeeds,wedecidedtodomorework.（过去分词原因状语）2.非谓语作状语句式特点：逗号前后两动作，共用一主语，无连词，则必有一个非谓语。Givenmoreattention,thetreecangrowbetter.The

old

man

walkedinthepark,supportedbyhis

wife.过去分词作状语时，过去分词与其逻辑主语（句子主语）之间是被动关系。Givenmoreattention,thetreecangrowbetter.（分词逻辑主语thetree与动词give存在被动关系）Shockedbytheexplosion,thepeopleranforshelter.（分词逻辑主语thepeople与动词shock存在被动关系）过去分词作状语（修饰谓语动词或整个句子）,说明动作发生的时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、让步等情况，一般可转换为相应状语从句。Givenmoretime,wewilldobetter.Ifwearegivenmoretime,wewilldobetter.过去分词和现在分词作状语时的区别Seeingfromthehill,youwillfindthecitylookslikeabiggarden.(现在分词seeing与逻辑主语you为主动关系）Seenfromthehill,thecitylookslikeabiggarden.(过去分词seen与逻辑主语thecity为被动关系）6.注意事项a.过去分词作状语时，有时为了强调，前面可带有连词，如：when,while,if,though,asif,unless,until等，以使句意表达得更清楚。Eg.Unlessconstantlyrepeated,theEnglishwordsareeasilyforgotten.Whenaskedwhyshecamehere,thegirlkeptsilent.b.有些过去分词(短语)来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动而重在描述主语的状态。Lostinthought,hedidn'thearthebell.解释说明：有一类动词常接人或一个反身代词作宾语，使用时常用被动式，人们将这类动词的过去分词看作是形容词，而把这种结构(be/get+done)称为“系表”结构。ThewomandressedMikeinredclothes.（dresssb给某人穿衣服）Mikewasdressedinredclothes.Johnseatedhimselfonthechair.（seatsb使某人坐下）Johnwasseatedonachair.这种“系表”结构在句中作定语、状语或补语时，一律用过去分词。bedressbedressedin穿着belostin沉浸在；专心于bedevotedto致力于;专心于beburiedin专心于beabsorbedin专心于besupposedto应该belocatedin位于becomparedwith与...比较beseatedon坐下，坐于bepreparedfor为...作准备bedeterminedtodo决心做betiredof厌烦becaughtin陷入；遇到；淋雨bebornin…出生于beoccupiedin忙于…befacedwith面临着...1.Thewoman__________(dress)inredclotheswashisaunt.2._______(compare)withthecorrespondingperiodlastyear,profitshaverisenby15percent.3._______(face)withsomanyproblems,theynevergaveup.4._______(face)somanyproblems,theynevergaveup.7.过去分词作状语的位置（6种状语)a.作条件、原因及时间状语，通常在句首。b.伴随状语，通常在句末。Thetrainerappeared,followedbysixlittledogs.(伴随状语，句末）c.方式状语、让步状语句首、句