附录文献翻译办公楼

附录：文献翻译EVALUATIONOFLATERALLOADPATTERNINPUSHOVERANALYSISArmaganKORKMAZ1,AliSARI21VisitorResearcher,DepartmentofCivilEngineering,UniversityofTexasatAustin,Austin,TX78712,PH:512-232-9216;armagan@2Ph.D.Student,DepartmentofCivilEngineering,UniversityofTexasatAustin,Austin,TX78712,PH:512-232-9216;ali_sari@DESCRIPTIONOFTHEFRAMESTRUCTURES3,5,8and15-storyR\Cframestructureswithtypicalcross-sectionsandsteelreinforcementsareshowninFigure1.ThereinforcedconcreteframestructureshavebeendesignedaccordingtotherulesoftheTurkishCode.Thestructureshavebeenconsideredasanimportantclass1withsubsoiltypeofZ1andinseismicregion1.Thedead,liveandseismicloadshavebeentakenaccountduringdesign.Allreinforcedconcreteframestructuresconsistthree-bayframe,spacedat800cm.Thestoryheightis300cm.Thecolumnsareassumedasfixedontheground.Yieldstrengthofthesteelreinforcementsis22kN/cm2andcompressivestrengthofconcreteis1.6kN/cm2.Thefirstnaturalperiodofthe3-storyframestructureiscomputed0.54s.Thecross-sectionofallbeamsinthisframeisrectangular-shapeswith25cmwidthand50cmheight.Thecross-sectionofallcolumnsis30cmx30cm.Thefirstnaturalperiodof5-storyframestructureis0.72sandthecross-sectionofbeamsis25cmwidthand50cmheightsimilarto3-storyframe.Cross-sectionofcolumnsatthefirstthreestoriesis40cmx40cmandatthelasttwostories,itis30cmx30cm.Theeight-storyand15-storyframestructureshavenaturalperiodof0.90sand1.20s.Thecrosssectionofbeamsforbothframestructuresis25cmx55cm.The8-storyframestructurehas50cmx50cmcolumnsforthefirstfivestoriesand40cmx40cmforthelastthreestories.Thecrosssectionofcolumnsforfirsteightstoriesinthe15-storyframestructuresis80cmx80cmandatthelastsevenstories,itis60cmx60cm.NONLINEARSTATICPUSHOVERANALYSISOFFRAMESTRUCTURESForlowperformancelevels,toestimatethedemands,itisrequiredtoconsiderinelasticbehaviorofthestructure.Pushoveranalysisisusedtoidentifytheseismichazards,selectionoftheperformancelevelsanddesignperformanceobjectives.InPushoveranalysis,applyinglateralloadsinpatternsthatrepresentapproximatelytherelativeinertialforcesgeneratedateachfloorlevelandpushingthestructureunderlateralloadstodisplacementsthatarelargerthanthemaximumdisplacementsexpectedindesignearthquakes(Li,Y.R.,1996).Thepushoveranalysisprovidesashearvs.displacementrelationshipandindicatestheinelasticlimitaswellaslateralloadcapacityofthestructure.Thechangesinslopeofthiscurvegiveanindicationofyieldingofvariousstructuralelements.Themainaimofthepushoveranalysisistodeterminememberforcesandglobalandlocaldeformationcapacityofastructure.Theinformationcanbeusedtoassesstheintegrityofthestructure.Afterdesigninganddetailingthereinforcedconcreteframestructures,anonlinearpushoveranalysisiscarriedoutforevaluatingthestructuralseismicresponse.ForthispurposethecomputerprogramDrain2Dhasbeenused.Threesimplifiedloadingpatterns;triangular,(IBC,k=1),(IBC,k=2)andrectangular,wherekisanexponentrelatedtothestructureperiodtodefineverticaldistributionfactor,areusedinthenonlinearstaticpushoveranalysisof3,5,8and15-storyR\Cframestructures.Loadcriteriaarebasedonthedistributionofinertialforcesofdesignparameters.Thesimplifiedloadingpatternsasuniformdistribution,triangulardistributionandIBCdistribution,theseloadingpatternsarethemostcommonloadingparameters.VerticalDistributionofSeismicForces:从团浮悉晚馋（糊1骗）劳恢慕洲拒橡（桨2降）where:目C减vx热听=Vert鼠icald注istrib屿ution酿factor技V=To乖talde精signl早ateral鲜force握orsh径earat鱼theb衡aseof捞struc纱ture码w杜i躬andw菠x元=The热porti律onof衬theto原talgr书avity阅loado娘fthe梳struct阶ure液h束i条andh像x有=The骡heigh品tfrom永theb希ase锈k=An悬expon浩entre袍lated随tothe绣struc乒turep郊eriod慢Inadd秤ition借these想latera如lload地ings,荣frames系ares俩ubject伶edliv矮eload旋sand降deadw德eights圆.P映-践△舍effec斤tshav赤ebeen矩taken戏into窜theac闷count坑during叶thep要ushove篇ranal飞yses.糊Thela桃teral欣force款isinc控reased趴for3贼,5an利d8-st燥oryfr院amesu崖ntilt膏heroo坏fdisp棋laceme黄ntrea叶ched妈50cm订and慨100cm桌for15镜-story碰frame痒.Beam才andc炮olumn标elemen宝tsare赤used睬toana摄lyzet寄hefra渡mes.T肤hebea钢msare状assum槽edto躺berig演idin哗theho幅rizont戏alpla荐ne.In朗elasti加ceffe凶ctsar液eassi趣gnedt借oplas户tichi迁ngesa左tmemb湖erend补s.Str妻ain-ha叙rdenin里gisn洽eglect卧edin常allel会ements亩.令Biline仅armom芒ent-ro抄tation参relat然ionshi再pisa望ssumed胖forb妹othbe敌amand滋colum恳nmemb太ers.A柳xiall率oad-Mo娇ment,歌P-M,i泽nterac叨tionr隆elatio草n,sug校gested薯byAC度I318-满89,is村used视asyie荒lding得surfac住eofc严olumn课elemen忠ts.In锤ertial杯momen胖tofc添racked削secti拘on,I竿cr不,isu伯sedfo怨rboth三colum棋nand论beamm杂embers祥durin笛ganal得yses.荷I骗cr喊isco糕mputed镜asha往lfof高thegr蝶ossmo滔mento吸finer途tia,I堪g揭.稍There貌sults匹ofthe身pusho启veran赛alyses串arep身resent露edin拢Figure倦s2to过5.Th倦e班pushov惭ercur供vesar感eshow饺nfor色three枣distri救bution存s,and角fore赔achfr给amest枪ructur外es.T饲hecur大vesre蜡presen招tbase狗shear摊-weigh皂trati叶overs菌ussto逆rylev史eldis柱placem星entsf沿oruni静form,半triang桶ulara僚ndIBC拢load亭distri摆bution射.Shea复rVwa餐scalc循ulated倡bysu根mming站allap跟plied限latera锯lload陵sabov雀ethe诊ground嘉level含,and志thewe站ighto烦fthe绿buildi坛ngWi话sthe委summat碎ionof愧thew茅eights量ofal貌lfloo构rs.Be久sidet袭hese,掠these极curves气repre夜sentt阿helos删tofl吓ateral潜load升resist俱ingca星pacity俭ands允hearf变ailure颗sofa赏colum邻natt柜hedis围placem召entle夜vel.T秤hecha费ng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