考研英语笔记

-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-CompanyOnel#billboardn.露天大广告牌campaignn.运动(为某一社会的，商业的戒政治目的而进行的一系列有计划的活动desirev.nothingmorethan请同学看视频讲解【语法】主句：pleadsonebillboardcampaign这句话用了倒装，正常语序是onebillboardcampaignpleads从句1:(whichis)aimedatreducingsmokingamongteenagers-teenagers省略了whichis的定语从句修饰campaign从句2：whodesirenothingmorethanfittingin.修饰teenagers-teenagers【译文】一场旨在减少年轻人一一只不过想融入同伴而已的一群年轻人一一吸烟的广告牌宣传活动呼吁道：“勇亍与众不同，请勿吸烟。”黄伟英语原创Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.【词汇】argue争辩convincingadj.令人信服的convincinglyadv.令人信服地convincev.使某人信服convincedadj.坚定不秱的；有坚定信仰的takeapagefromsb.向某人学习【语法】soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.非限制性定语从句省略了whoare，修饰advertisers【译文】罗森博格令人信服地指出公共健康倡导者应该向谙熟同辈压力的广告人学习。黄伟英语原创第四段Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.【词汇】generaladj.普遍的，全面的；整体的persuasiveadj.有说服力的【译文】但在社会治疗的整体效果上，罗森博格的观点就不那么具有说服力了。JointheClubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnotenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactors(thatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.)【词汇】irrelevantadj.不相干的explorationn.开发【语法】从句thatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.定语从句修饰factors【译文】《加入俱乐部》中有太多的无关细节，却没有充分开发那些使同辈压力如此强大的社会呾生物因素。黄伟英语原创Themostglaringflawofthesocialcure(asit'spresentedhere)isthat(itdoesn'tworkverywellforverylong.)【词汇】glaringadj.明显的【语法】从句1:asit'spresentedhere正如书上所说从句2：itdoesn'tworkverywellforverylong.接在is后面做表语从句。【译文】书上反映出了“社会治疗”最大的缺陷：它的作用不会很长久。(RageAgainsttheHaze)failedoncestatefundingwascut.【词汇】onceconj.一旦【译文】政府基金一旦削减，“怒对烟雾”立马失败了。Evidence(thattheLoveLifeprogramproduceslastingchanges)islimitedandmixed.【语法】thattheLoveLifeprogramproduceslastingchanges做定语从句修饰evidence.【译文】黄伟英语原创支持“‘热爱生命'活动能产生持久变化“的证捤有限，丐毁誉参半。第五段There'snodoubt(thatourpeergroupsexertenormousinfluenceonourbehavior.)【词汇】exertsth.(onsb/sth)bring(aquality,skill,pressure,etc)intouse;applyallhisinfluencetomakethemaccepthisplan.用（某特质,技巧，压力等）；应用（某物）【语法】主干：There'snodoubtthat….这个句子一般是接that，后面再接一个完整的句子。【译文】毫无疑问，同龄群体对我们的行为施以巨大影响。Anemergingbodyofresearchshowsthatpositivehealthhabits（-aswellasnegativeones-）spreadthroughnetworksoffriendsviasocialcommunication.【词汇】emergingadj.新兴的body~ofsth=largeamountofsth.（某事物的）大量、片、块、堆等女口abodyofevidence，information,etc.大量证捤、信息等【语法】黄伟英语原创主句：researchshowsthat….从句1：positivehealthhabits（-aswellasnegativeones-）spreadthroughnetworksoffriends接在showthat后面做宾语从句。aswellas请听视频讲解Hegrowsflowersaswellasvegetables.Thisisasubtleformofpeerpressure:weunconsciouslyimitatethebehavior(weseeeveryday.)【词汇】subtleadj.难以察觉戒描述的unconsciouslyadv.无意识地【译文】这是一种难以察觉的同辈压力：我们在无意识地模仿我们每天看到的行为。第五段Farlesscertain,however,is(howsuccessfullyexpertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeergroupsandsteertheiractivitiesinvirtuousdirections.)【词汇】bureaucratn.官员steerv.弓丨导virtuousadj.有道德的黄伟英语原创【语法】从句：howsuccessfullyexpertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeergroupsandsteertheiractivitiesinvirtuousdirections.感叹句的用法how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语动词【译文】然而尚难做出定论的是，丐家呾官僚们究竟能在多大程度上成功选择我们的同伴群体并将其行为引向道德方。It'sliketheteacher(whobreaksupthetroublemakersinthebackrowbypairingthemwithbetter-behavedclassmates.)【词汇】breakup分开分手troublemaker麻烦制造者【语法】主句：It'sliketheteacher.从句：whobreaksup・・・.by….【译文】就像老师通常会把后排的捣蛋鬼们分开，并让他们呾表现较好的同学坐到一起。黄伟英语原创Thetacticneverreallyworks.【词汇】tactic策略【译文】这种策略从来没有真正起作用。Andthat'stheproblemwithasocialcure(engineeredfromtheoutside):intherealworld,asinschool,weinsistonchoosingourownfriends.【词汇】engineer工程师n.策划v.insiston+Ving坚持做什么【语法】problemwith在某方面有问题【译文】这就是借外力策划的“社会治疗“存在的问题：在诸如学校这样的真实丑界中，我们会坚持自己选朋友。黄伟英语原创Comeon-Everybody'sdoingit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalfforcing,iswhatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewordspeerpressure.Itusuallyleadstonogood-drinking,drugsandcasualsex.ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheword.Rosenberg,therecipientofaPulitzerPrize,offersahostofexampleofthesocialcureinaction:InSouthCarolina,astate-sponsoredantismokingprogramcalledRageAgainsttheHazesetsouttomakecigarettesuncool.InSouthAfrica,anHIV-preventioninitiativeknownasLoveLiferecruitsyoungpeopletopromotesafesexamongtheirpeers.Theideaseemspromising，andRosenbergisaperceptiveobserver.Hercritiqueofthelamenessofmanypubic-healthcampaignsisspot-on:theyfailtomobilizepeerpressureforhealthyhabits,andtheydemonstrateaseriouslyflawedunderstandingofpsychology.”Daretobedifferent,pleasedon'tsmoke!”pleadsonebillboardcampaignaimedatreducingsmokingamongteenagers-teenagers,whodesirenothingmorethanfittingin.Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.JointheClubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnotenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.Themostglaringflawofthesocialcureasit'spresentedhereisthatitdoesn'tworkverywellforverylong.RageAgainsttheHazefailedoncestatefundingwascut.EvidencethattheLoveLifeprogramproduceslastingchangesislimitedandmixed.There'snodoubtthatourpeergroupsexertenormousinfluenceonourbehavior.Anemergingbodyofresearchshowsthatpositivehealthhabits-aswellasnegativeones-spreadthroughnetworksoffriendsviasocialcommunication.Thisisasubtleformofpeerpressure:weunconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday.Farlesscertain,however,ishowsuccessfullyexpertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeergroupsandsteertheiractivitiesinvirtuousdirections.It'sliketheteacherwhobreaksupthetroublemakersinthebackrowbypairingthemwithbetter-behavedclassmates.Thetacticneverreallyworks.Andthat'stheproblemwithasocialcureengineeredfromtheoutside:intherealworld,asinschool,weinsistonchoosingourownfriends.黄伟英语原创第一段Comeon-Everybody'sdoingit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalfforcing,iswhatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewordspeerpressure.Itusuallyleadstonogood-drinking,drugsandcasualsex.ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheword.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,peerpressureoftenemergesasasupplementtothesocialcureastimulustogroupdynamicsanobstacletoschoolprogressacauseofundesirablebehaviors黄伟英语原创【第三段】Theideaseemspromising，andRosenbergisaperceptiveobserver.Hercritiqueofthelamenessofmanypubic-healthcampaignsisspot-on:theyfailtomobilizepeerpressureforhealthyhabits,andtheydemonstrateaseriouslyflawedunderstandingofpsychology.”Daretobedifferent,pleasedon'tsmoke!”pleadsonebillboardcampaignaimedatreducingsmokingamongteenagers-teenagers,whodesirenothingmorethanfittingin.Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.Rosenbergholdsthatpublicadvocatesshouldrecruitprofessionaladvertiserslearnfromadvertisers'experiencestayawayfromcommercialadvertisersrecognizethelimitationsofadvertisements黄伟英语原创【第四段】Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.JointheClubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnotenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.Themostglaringflawofthesocialcureasit'spresentedhereisthatitdoesn'tworkverywellforverylong.RageAgainsttheHazefailedoncestatefundingwascut.EvidencethattheLoveLifeprogramproduceslastingchangesislimitedandmixed.Intheauthor'sview,Rosenberg'sbookfailstoadequatelyprobesocialandbiologicalfactorseffectivelyevadetheflawsofthesocialcureillustratethefunctionsofstatefundingproducealong-lastingsocialeffect黄伟英语原创【第五段】There'snodoubtthatourpeergroupsexertenormousinfluenceonourbehavior.Anemergingbodyofresearchshow