2019高考英语一轮基础达标练题Unit5NelsonMandelamodernhero(含解析)新人教版必修1

Unit5NelsonMandel-amodernhero李仕才一、阅读理解。Youuseherasashouldertocryon.Shetextsyoubackwithcasualjokes.Butshe,Xiaoice,isonlyavirtualchatbot（虚构聊天机器人）.Xiaoice,Microsoft’slatestartificialintelligencerobot,wasbrieflyreleasedin2014,andreturnedtoWeChatin2015,whereshebecameabighit.MillionsofyoungChinesenowexchangemessageswithherdaily,TheNewYorkTimesreported.OnWeChat,Xiaoiceisanofficialaccount.Afterfollowingit,userscanstarttext-basedconversationswithXiaoice.＂HerincrediblelearningabilitywaswhypeoplelovedtotalkwithXiaoice,＂LiuJinchang,aresearcheratHigh-techResearchandDevelopmentCenterundertheMinistryofScienceandTechnology,toldChinaDaily.Apartfromherabilitytoidentifyphotosandsendemojis（表情符号）inconversations,Xiaoicegains45percentofherknowledgefrominteractingwithusers,ChinaDailyreported.Chatbotprogramsfirstappearedinthemid-1960sintheUS.Drivenbytoptechcompanies,theyarebecomingsmarterandmorecommon.Forinstance,IBM’slatestartificialintelligenceprogramservedasanacademicconsultantatAustralia’sDeakinUniversity,answeringstudents’questionsaboutcourseschedulesandfinancialaid.Apple’sSiriandAmazon’sAlexahavebeenusedasvoiceassistantswhocanreadnews,playmusicandevenmakejokesfortheirusers.Theseprogramsareexpectedtomovebeyondsmartphones,intotelevisions,carsandlivingrooms,TheNewYorkTimespointedout.However,itmaytakedecadesbeforescientistsdevelopa＂Samantha＂,theadvancedchatbotseeninthefictionfilmHer.Inthefilm,SamanthahasaromanticrelationshipwithheruserplayedbyUSactorJoaquinPhoenix.Manyviewerswereenthusiasticaboutthisfantasyofvirtualsoulmates.1.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2mean?A.Shebecameabestseller.B.Shebecameverypowerful.C.Shebecameamoneymaker.D.Shebecameverypopular.2.WhichofthefollowingcanXiaoicedo?A.Dohousework.B.Spreadmessages.C.Identifyvariousphotos.D.Readnewstoitsusers.3.Whichcompany’schatbotprogramcanactasanacademicconsultant?A.Microsoft.B.IBM.C.Apple.D.Amazon.4.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?A.Chatbotswillbeappliedtocarssoon.B.Chatbotsmainlyrunonsmartphonesnow.C.SamanthaisplayedbyaUSactorinthefilm.D.ThefilmHerdoesn’tinterestmanyaudience.【文章粗心】本文叙述的是人工智能程序的发展状况。列举了微信上的聊天程序大受欢迎，IBM的人工智能程序能成为顾问，可是当前这类程序主要应用在智好手机上，人们期望它未来能够在手机以外的地方使用。1.D【分析】推理判断题。依据shebecameabighit.MillionsofyoungChinesenowexchangemessageswithherdaily可知，她在微信上大受欢迎，好多中国人都喜爱与她聊天，故选D。3.B【分析】细节理解题。依据第四段中IBM’slatestartificialintelligenceprogramservedasanacademicconsultant可知，IBM的最新人工智能程序能够作为学术顾问，应选B。4.B【分析】推理判断题。依据最后一段中Theseprogramsareexpectedtomovebeyondsmartphones,intotelevisions,carsandlivingrooms,可知，人们期望这些程序除了智好手机以外，也能应用在电视、汽车、起居室等地，所以当前是主要应用在智好手机上，应选B。2二、单句语法填空1．Nowtheirpeacetalkshavereachedakeystage________onesidemustgiveintotheother.答案：where当先行词是case,position,stage等抽象名词，且在从句中作状语，表示地址时，定语从句使用关系副词where来指引。2．Frommyfirstjobattherestaurant,Ilearnedteamworkand________(devote)．答案：devotion由teamworkand可知，此处填名词devotion“奉献；忠诚”，作宾语。3．Whenananimalis________attackitcanrunawayorfightback.答案：underunderattack“遇到攻击”。4．Shestartedsingingtothebabyand________(reward)withasmile.答案：wasrewardedrewardsb.withasmile“对某人报以浅笑”，依据句意可知，此处应为被动语态。5．Althoughhemadeaseriousmistakeinhiswork,hewasluckytoescape________(fire)byhisboss.答案：beingfiredescapebeingfired“免于被辞退”。6．Ihavesometrouble________(read)theletter,becausehishandwritingisverybad.答案：(in)readinghavetrouble(in)doingsth.“做某事有困难”。7．Insomeplacestherearemanylawsagainst________(cruel)toanimalsbutfewtoprotectchildren.答案：cruelty空前against是介词，所以本空填名词cruelty“残忍；残忍”。8．Yourteachercangiveyou________(guide)onchoosingacareerandwritingajobapplication.答案：guidancegivesb.guidanceon...“给某人对于的指导或建议”，故此处填名词guidance“指导”。9．________(educate)usuallyreferstoteachingpeoplevarioussubjects,usuallyataschoolorcollege.答案：Education此处应用名词education“教育”作主语。10．Theyoungmanwassentencedto________(die)forkillingamiddleschoolstudent.答案：deathbesentencedtodeath“被判极刑”。3三、完形填空。Themurmuroftheaudiencehadjustfadedintosilence.Thiswasoneofthemost__1__daysinfive-year-oldPatriciaMcKee'slife：theKernotSchoolConcert.Shestood__2__thecurtainwithherschoolmates.Yetshewasnot__3__becauseeveryonehadbeenpracticingforweeksandknewtheir__4__byheart.Beinginaremotecountrytown，Patriciaknewthateveryonewould__5__forthebigoccasion－everyone！Yet，itwasthisawarenessthataddedasenseof__6__toherexcitement.Thereweretwopeoplewhocouldn'tbeinthat__7__thatnight—hermumanddad.Patricia'sparents__8__thelocalgeneralstore，whichwas__9__forbusiness24hours.Soitwassimply__10__thatMumandDadcouldneverattendcommunityactivities.Ithadbeenthiswaywithhersister，sowhyshoulditbeany__11__forher?Still，Patriciacouldn'thelp__12__thatherparentscouldbetheretoseeheronsuchaspecialday，soshedecidedto__13__thesubjectwithhermother.__14__，shehadtofacethefacts.Atsuchayoungage，Patriciacouldn'treallyunderstandthedeep__15__inhermother'sresponse：“I'lltrytobethere，sweetheart，butyouknowhow__16__itisforustogetawayfromthestore.”Yetasthecurtainslowlyopened,littlePatriciagotthe__17__ofherlife.There，sittingfourrowsthefrontwashermotherwithabigsmileonherface!Thispowerfulimage__18__oneofPatricia'smosttreasuredmemories.“Wordscannotexpressthepurejoyweboth__19__atthatmoment，”saidPatricia.Herparentshavepassedaway,butwhatawonderfullegacy(遗产)they'veleftus：whensomeonereally__20__you，bethereforthem.1．A.difficultB．importantC．sadD．perfect2．A.beforeB．underC．besideD．behind3．A.excitedB．movedC．afraidD．lost4．A.partsB．relationsC．jobsD．forms5．A.joinupB．prepareC．dropinD．turnout46．A.happinessB．sadnessC．willingnessD．eagerness7．A.audienceB．storeC．playD．movie8．A.boughtB．gotC．soldD．ran9．A.easyB．openC．stillD．closed10．A.recognizedB．deniedC．acceptedD．incredible11．A.differentB．satisfiedC．personalD．wise12．A.thinkingB．talkingC．learningD．wishing13．A.handinB．gothroughC．bringupD．putaway14．A.SurprisinglyB．HappilyC．ObviouslyD．Sadly15．A.painB．meaningC．understandingD．thought16．A.awfulB．hardC．troublesomeD．thankful17．A.blowB．wonderC．personD．surprise18．A.remainedB．leftC．tookD．affected19．A.wantedB．experiencedC．madeD．forgot20．A.hatesB．lovesC．caresD．needs【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。父亲母亲因忙于看店没法去看PatriciaMcKee的演出，所以当Patricia忽然看到母亲出此刻演出现场时，她特别吃惊。这一刻成了她一世的回想。文章经过这件事告诉我们：当他人需要你时，请陪在他们身旁。1．B考察形容词辨析。依据第二段中的“thebigoccasion”以及知识可知，对于五5岁的Patricia来说，那一天是一个重要的日子。B项意为“重要的”，切合语境。A项意为“困难的”；C项意为“伤心的”；D项意为“完满的”，均与语境不符。应选B。2．D考察介词辨析。依据知识及第五段第一句“Yetasthecurtainslowlyopened”可知，出场前Patricia和她的同学站在幕布的后边。D项意为“在的后边”，切合语境。A项意为“在眼前”；B项意为“在下边”；C项意为“在旁边”，均与语境不符。应选D。3．C考察形容词辨析。依据空格后的“becauseeveryonehadbeenpracticingforweeks”可知，全部人都排演了几个礼拜，所以她不惧怕。C项意为“惧怕的”，切合语境。A项意为“喜悦的”；B项意为“感人的”；D项意为“迷茫的，疑惑的”，均与语境不符。应选C。4．A考察名词辨析。依据本句中的“everyonehadbeenpracticingforweeks”可知，排演了几个礼拜，每一个人都记熟了自己的台词和动作。A项意为“角色，台词和动作”，切合语境。B项意为“关系”；C项意为“工作”；D项意为“形式”，均与语境不符。应选A。5．D考察动词(短语)辨析。依据语境可知，全部人都会列席这个浩大的活动。D项意为“列席，参加”，切合语境。A项意为“连结，结合起来”；B项意为“准备”；C项意为“落进，趁便拜见”，均与语境不符。应选D。6．B考察名词辨析。依据下一句内容可知，由于父亲母亲不可以来观看演出，所以Patricia在喜悦的同时又有些悲伤。B项意为“伤心，悲伤”，切合语境。A项意为“幸福”；C项意为“愿意”；D项意为“盼望”，均与语境不符。应选B。7．A考察名词辨析。依据下一段内容可知，此处指Patricia的父亲母亲亲不可以在现场当她的观众。A项意为“观众，听众”，切合语境。应选A。8．D考察动词辨析。依据空格后边的宾语“thelocalgeneralstore”可知，此处指Patricia的父亲母亲在当地经营一家杂货店。D项意为“经营，参加，跑”，切合语境。应选D。9．B考察形容词辨析。依据空格后边的“forbusiness24hours”可知，这个杂货店24小时营业。B项意为“开放的，营业的”，切合语境。应选B。10．C考察词义辨析。依据上下文可知，她的父亲母亲经营一家24小时都营业的商铺，所以她的父亲母亲从不参加社区活动是能够接受的。C项意为“公认同接受的，被认同的”，切合语境。A项意为“辨识出”；B项意为“否定”；D项意为“极好的，难以置信的”，均与语境不符。应选C。11．A考察形容词辨析。依据前一句“Ithadbeenthiswaywithhersister”可知，父亲母亲也没有参加过姐姐的活动，所以对她不会有所不一样。A项意为“不一样的”，切合语境。B项意为“满意的”；C项意为“个人的”；D项意为“理智的”，均与语境不符。故6选A。12．D考察动词辨析。依据本句中的“Still”和“herparentscouldbethere”可知，固然这样，Patricia仍是不由得希望她的父亲母亲亲能来看她演出。D项意为“希望”，符合语境。A项意为“想，以为”；B项意为“讨论”；C项意为“学习”，均与语境不符。应选D。13．C考察动词短语辨析。依据上文提到的Patricia希望她的父亲母亲能来看她演出和空格后边的宾语“thesubjectwithhermother”可知，此处指Patricia决定向母亲提出这个话题。C项意为“提出”，切合语境。A项意为“上交”；B项意为“经历”；D项意为“把收起来”，均与语境不符。应选C。14．D考察副词辨析。依据本句中的“shehadtofacethefacts”以及下文母亲的回答可知，她的母亲其实不确立能不可以参加，所以很遗憾她只好接受这个事实。D项意为“不幸地，说来遗憾”，切合语境。A项意为“吃惊地”；B项意为“快乐地”；C项意为“明显地”，均与语境不符。应选D。15．A考察名词辨析。依据知识以及以后母亲出此刻观众席里可知，母亲想参加女儿的活动却抽不出时间，她也很悲伤，但五岁的Patricia其实不理解这类悲伤。A项意为“痛苦”，切合语境。B项意为“意思”；C项意为“理解”；D项意为“想法”，均与语境不符。应选A。16．B考察形容词辨析。依据上文说起的24小时营业商铺可知，她的父亲母亲亲走开商铺是一件很困难的事情。B项意为“困难的”，切合语境。A项意为“可怕的”；C项意为“麻烦的”；D项意为“感谢的”，均与语境不符。应选B。17．D考察名词辨析。依据上文母亲的回答可知，母亲观看Patricia的演出的可能性不大，所以当Patricia看到台下的母亲时，那真的是她人生中的欣喜。D项意为“欣喜，意想不到的事”，切合语境。A项意为“打击”；B项意为“奇观”；C项意为“人”，均与语境不符。应选D。18．A考察动词辨析。依据上文可知，母亲的出现对Patricia来说是一个很大的欣喜，所以这一幕成为Patricia最宝贵的记忆之一。A项意为“持续，依旧”，切合语境。B项意为“走开”；C项意为“拿走”；D项意为“影响”，均与语境不符。应选A。19．B考察动词辨析。“weboth________atthatmoment”是省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，先行词thepurejoy在从句中作空格地方填词的宾语。句意为Patricia说：“没有语言能表达出我们在那一刻所领会到的那种纯粹的快乐。”B项意为“领会，感觉”，切合语境。A项意为“想要”；C项意为“使得，制造”；D项意为“忘记”，均与语境不符。应选B。20．D考察动词辨析。通读全文可知，文章经过Patricia的经历告诉我们：当他人真实需要你时，要陪同在他们的身旁。D项意为“需要”，切合语境。A项意为“仇恨”；B7项意为“爱”；C项意为“在意”，均与语境不符。应选D。四、单句改错1．Ihope,firstofall,thatweshallneverloseourheartinfaceoffailure.________________________________________________________答案：去掉ourloseheart“失掉信心”，为固定搭配。2．Sheisveryweakandnotequaltomakealongjourney.________________________________________________________答案：make→makingbeequalto“胜任”，此中to是介词。3．Thousandsofpeopleturnedtowatchyesterday'smatchagainstIreland.________________________________________________________答案：turned后加upturnup“出现；露面”。4．ThefirsttimewhenImethim,hewasworkingasasecretaryinabigcompany.________________________________________________________答案：去掉whenThefirsttime在此处指引时间状语从句。5．Onlywhenwehadstudiedthedataagainwerealizethattherewasamistake.________________________________________________________答案：we前加did“only＋状语从句”放句首，句子应用部分倒装构造。五、短文改错Mistakesareunavoidableinlife.Butattitudestowardsitmaymakeadifference.IstillrememberhowmyspokenEnglishwasimproved.Inabeginning，Ialwayskeptsilentinouroralclasstoavoidmakemistakes.Beforelongmyteachergottoknowaboutmysituation.HeencouragedmetospeakoutthatIthought.WheneverImademistakesandfeltdiscouraging，myteacherandmyclassmateswouldhelpmefigureouthowImusthaveavoidedthem.IalsojoinedinanEnglishclubtogetmorechancestospeak.Practicemadeperfect.NowIcantalkfluentinEnglish.Justasthesayinggoesmistakes.Learnfrommistakes【答案】

，“Everybeanhasitsblack.”Don'tafraidofmakingandsuccessisjustwaitingforus.itMistakesareunavoidableinlife.Butattitudestowardsthemmaymakeadifference.aIstillrememberhowmyspokenEnglishwasimproved.Inthebeginning，Ialways8makekeptsilentinouroralclasstoavoidmakingmistakes.Beforelongmyteachergotthattoknowaboutmysituation.HeencouragedmetospeakoutwhatIthought.WheneverIdis