护理早产儿父亲母乳喂养质性研究 高级护理专业

目录摘要 11前言 42文献回顾 53研究目的 94研究方法 105结果 146讨论 217结论 238建议与研究的局限性 24参考文献 25附录 28致谢 32摘要目的：探讨父亲参与早产儿母乳喂养的体验。方法：本研究采用定性研究中的现象研究方法。对上海复旦大学附属妇产科医院12名父亲进行有目的的抽样。数据收集使用半结构化的深度访谈，及时转录访谈记录并将访谈笔记整理为文本数据。同时，对数据进行整理、分析和收集。当数据重复且没有新的话题或子话题出现时，表示数据已饱和，因此访谈得以终止。将所有访谈数据通过Colaizzi现象学7步分析方法进行处理和归纳分析，从而获取本文的研究主题。结果：通过对12位早产儿父亲的访谈资料进行反复阅读分析、编码和归类，总结出5个主题：态度、行为支持、情感支持、父亲角色转变、医疗服务环境。关于态度方面主要有3个次主题，包括赞同、顺其自然、发现缺点；行为支持包括了吸奶、冻奶存奶、复温、清洗奶瓶，消毒和积极应对困难五个次主题；情感支持包括安慰和陪伴2个次主题，父亲角色转变包括父亲角色建立和角色建立模糊2个次主题；在医疗服务环境角度上则包括对护理人员的要求及对医院本身的要求2个次主题。结论：父亲大多数对早产儿母乳喂养持有赞同的态度，在母婴分离的情况下会以行动帮助母亲，在情感上支持母亲。在他们体验早产儿母乳喂养的过程中，表达了对早产儿出院后母乳喂养知识及技能的需求，对NICU现行的模式提出了意见。医护人员应该关注早产儿出院后父亲的知识需求，针对性地对家庭提供延续性护理，将早产儿父亲纳入母乳喂养的宣教中，关注早产儿父亲在母乳喂养中的作用，以此促进母婴健康。关键词：早产儿，父亲，母乳喂养，质性研究AbstractObjective：Toexplorethefather'sexperienceofparticipatinginbreastfeedingofprematureinfants.Methods:Phenomenalresearchmethodinqualitativeresearchwasadoptedinthisstudy.TwelvefathersfromtheObstetricsandGynecologyHospitalofFudanUniversityinShanghaiweresampledpurposely.Semi-structuredin-depthinterviewswereusedfordatacollection.Interviewrecordsweretranscribedintimeandinterviewnotesweresortedintotextdata.Atthesametime,thedataarecollated,analyzedandcollected.Whenthedataisrepeatedandnonewtopicsorsubtopicsappear,thedataissaturatedandtheinterviewisterminated.Alltheinterviewdataareprocessedandanalyzedbythe7-stepanalysismethodofColaizziphenomenology,soastoobtaintheresearchtopicofthispaper.Results:Throughrepeatedreading,analysis,codingandclassificationoftheinterviewdataof12fathersofprematureinfants,fivethemesweresummarized:attitude,behavioralsupport,emotionalsupport，fatherrolechangeandhealthcareenvironment.Intermsofattitude,therearemainlythreesub-themes,includingapproval,lettingnaturetakeitscourse,andfindingshortcomings;Behavioralsupportincludesfivesub-themes:Suckling,frozenmilkstorage,rewarming,bottlecleaning,disinfectingandactivelycopingwithdifficulties.Emotionalsupportincludestwosub-themes:comfortandcompanionship,andfatherroletransitionincludestwosub-themes:fatherroleestablishmentandroleestablishmentambiguity.Thehealthcareenvironmentincludestwosub-themes:thedemandsonmedicalstaffandhospitals.Mostrespondentsagreedwithbreastfeeding,andonerespondentbelievedthatbreastfeedingafterthebirthofaprematurebabyisamatterofcourse.Fewrespondentsstatedthedisadvantagesofthebreastfeeding;Twelvefathersallindicatedthattheywouldsupporttheirpartnersinaction;halfofthemwouldcalmdowntheirpartnersthroughverbalcomfort,theywouldalsoaccompanytheirpartnerswhentheywerefrustrated;atthesametime,somerespondentssucceededinestablishingtheroleoffather,butafewfailedtodoso;intermsofthehealthcareenvironment,somerespondentsshowedneedsformedicalstaffandhospitals.Conclusion：Mostfathersholdanagreeableattitudetowardsbreastfeedingofprematureinfants.Duetotheseparationofmotherandbaby,theywillhelpthemotherbothbehaviorallyandemotionally.Duringtheirexperienceofbreastfeedingforprematureinfants,theyshowtheirneedsofknowledgeandskillsofbreastfeedingafterprematureinfantsdischargingfromhospital,andexpresstheiropinionsaboutthecurrentvisitingmodelofNICU.Themedicalstaffshouldpayattentiontotheknowledgeneedsofthefathersofprematureinfantsafterthebabiesaredischargedfromthehospital,providetargetedcontinuitycareforthefamily,includeprematureinfants’fathersintotheeducationofbreastfeeding,andpayattentiontotheroleofprematureinfants’fathersinbreastfeeding,soastopromotethematernalandchildhealth.Keywords：Prematurity，father，breastfeeding，qualitativeresearch

1前言国内经济的飞速发展改变了人们的生活习惯和个人理念，目前，我国的单身男女对于婚姻的看法与传统理念也有所差别，尤其是女性因为需要生育，更是产生了不同的观点，目前国内很多女性开始选择晚婚晚育。晚婚晚育的女性一般有着较大的概率会出现早产的情况ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>谭洁</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>1607</RecNum><DisplayText>[1]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1607</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="df025xexpdf0d4ezxelv9trh2et2pdpszt5r"timestamp="1620799986"guid="99df143d-2467-4e01-9945-e496bb6df39b">1607</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>谭洁</author><author>王小华</author></authors><translated-authors><author>T.A.N.Jie</author><author>WangXiao-hua</author></translated-authors></contributors><titles><title>二胎孕产妇妊娠结局及相关因素分析%J中国优生与遗传杂志%JChineseJournalofBirthHealth&Heredity</title></titles><pages>73-74,72</pages><volume>26</volume><number>3</number><keywords><keyword>二胎</keyword><keyword>妊娠结局</keyword><keyword>相关因素</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2018</year></dates><isbn>1006-9534</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/periodical/ChlQZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3UzIwMjEwNDI4EhJ6Z3lzeXljenoyMDE4MDMwMzAaCHlmZm5kdnUx</url></related-urls></urls><remote-database-provider>北京万方数据股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[1]。早产指的是妊娠分娩周期是28~37周的。早产儿一般在生理功能发育方面不够彻底，所以在出生后需要在NICU进行监护。早产儿的NICU母乳喂养在国际专业机构得到了广泛认可ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>中国医师协会新生儿科医师分会营养专业委员会</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>1608</RecNum><DisplayText>[2]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1608</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="df025xexpdf0d4ezxelv9trh2et2pdpszt5r"timestamp="1620799986"guid="a896199f-fe04-4404-b767-51d035291a8c">1608</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>中国医师协会新生儿科医师分会营养专业委员会</author><author>中国医师协会儿童健康专业委员会母乳库学组</author><author>《中华儿科杂志》编辑委员会</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>新生儿重症监护病房推行早产儿母乳喂养的建议%J中华儿科杂志%JChineseJournalofPediatrics</title></titles><pages>13-16</pages><volume>54</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2016</year></dates><isbn>0578-1310</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/periodical/ChlQZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3UzIwMjEwNDI4Eg16aGVrMjAxNjAxMDA0Ggh5ZmZuZHZ1MQ%3D%3D</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2016.01.004</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京万方数据股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[2]，早产儿母乳喂养率，目前在我国呈现逐步递增的发展趋势，但是相比发达国家仍有一定的差距ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>董梁</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>1609</RecNum><DisplayText>[3]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1609</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="df025xexpdf0d4ezxelv9trh2et2pdpszt5r"timestamp="1620799986"guid="bc4b72b5-311d-4b1b-abb9-1be411890e80">1609</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>董梁</author></authors><translated-authors><author>DongLiang</author></translated-authors></contributors><auth-address>西安交通大学</auth-address><titles><title>极低/超低出生体重儿母乳喂养的研究现状与进展%J中国儿童保健杂志%JChineseJournalofChildHealthCare</title></titles><pages>427-430</pages><volume>28</volume><number>4</number><keywords><keyword>极低出生体重儿</keyword><keyword>超低出生体重儿</keyword><keyword>母乳喂养</keyword><keyword>早产儿</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>1008-6579</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/periodical/ChlQZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3UzIwMjEwNDI4EhF6Z2V0Ymp6ejIwMjAwNDAxNhoIeWZmbmR2dTE%3D</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.11852/zgetbjzz2019-1732</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京万方数据股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[3]。对母亲来说，在生育之后总需要身体的恢复才能保障健康，受限于这种必要现象，早产儿的看望和照顾责任一般是由父亲承担的，在NICU中对早产儿的看望以及对母亲住院期间的照料也需要父亲承担责任ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>杨怀洁</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>1610</RecNum><DisplayText>[4]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1610</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="df025xexpdf0d4ezxelv9trh2et2pdpszt5r"timestamp="1620799986"guid="810621b0-84ad-494b-9bf1-dd9ce0947dd9">1610</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>杨怀洁</author><author>杨成良</author><author>王青丽</author><author>程美娟</author></authors><translated-authors><author>Yang,Huaijie</author><author>Yang,Chengliang</author><author>Wang,Qingli</author><author>Cheng,Meijuan</author></translated-authors></contributors><auth-address>三峡大学人民医院</auth-address><titles><title>早产后母婴分离状态下父亲护理需求的质性研究%J护理学杂志%JJournalofNursingScience</title></titles><pages>30-32</pages><volume>30</volume><number>4</number><keywords><keyword>早产儿</keyword><keyword>父亲</keyword><keyword>母亲</keyword><keyword>母婴分离</keyword><keyword>护理需求</keyword><keyword>质性研究</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2015</year></dates><isbn>1001-4152</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/periodical/ChlQZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3UzIwMjEwNDI4Eg5obHh6ejIwMTUwNDAwORoIeWZmbmR2dTE%3D</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3870/hlxzz.2015.04.030</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京万方数据股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[4]。可以说，父亲对于母婴关系的早期建立中起到了必要的传递和关联作用，有必要深入探讨父亲参与早产儿母乳喂养的体验。在心理学研究和护理研究方面一般会对质性研究法进行应用，通过这种方法对人的事物接受度以及心理感受进行研究，该研究方法的基本特性是适用性、科学性ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>胡晓</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>1611</RecNum><DisplayText>[5]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1611</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="df025xexpdf0d4ezxelv9trh2et2pdpszt5r"timestamp="1620799986"guid="ac6c47a2-e332-4b9b-b6ca-81d4f5cfa03b">1611</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="Thesis">32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>胡晓</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>早产儿母婴分离高龄产妇心理体验的质性研究</title></titles><dates><year>2020</year></dates><publisher>广西中医药大学</publisher><work-type>硕士</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>/thesis/ChJUaGVzaXNOZXdTMjAyMTAzMDISCUQwMjA3MDcxOBoIeWZmbmR2dTE%3D</url></related-urls></urls><remote-database-provider>北京万方数据股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[5]。目前我国关于早产儿母亲母乳喂养已有深入研究，早产后父亲参与母乳喂养体验的报道较少。本研究通过探索父亲在早产儿的生产后母乳喂养及照料的各种体验和感觉来进行分析，从而从医院的临床护理角度进行研究，探讨为父亲提供帮助的具体对策，旨在让护理人员来帮助父亲从而促进形成积极的父亲角色，并且促进家庭的和谐稳定，帮助母亲更迅速的获得产后恢复和健康，更能提高母乳喂养率从而增强母婴关系。

2文献回顾2.1早产儿特点世界卫生组织的《早产儿全球行动报告》ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><RecNum>1627</RecNum><DisplayText>[6]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1627</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="df025xexpdf0d4ezxelv9trh2et2pdpszt5r"timestamp="1620800423"guid="5deb8379-d093-42d5-a2d3-b0dbf50f08ea">1627</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title>/pmnch/media/news/2012/borntoosoon_execsum_ch.pdf</title></titles><dates></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[6]显示，在新生儿当中早产儿的占比在10%以上，我国每年的早产儿有1,500万，目前在全世界范围内早产儿数量当中，我国排名第二ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><RecNum>1627</RecNum><DisplayText>[6]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1627</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="df025xexpdf0d4ezxelv9trh2et2pdpszt5r"timestamp="1620800423"guid="5deb8379-d093-42d5-a2d3-b0dbf50f08ea">1627</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title>/pmnch/media/news/2012/borntoosoon_execsum_ch.pdf</title></titles><dates></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[6]。早产儿的体温中枢还没有得到全面发展，无法很好的进行自身的体温调节，同时比较薄的皮下脂肪会加速早产儿的散热；早产儿有着较低的新陈代谢和较低的体温；其呼吸中枢和呼吸器官发育不成熟，常有间歇性呼吸暂停；其咳嗽反射不健全，无法对呼吸道的分泌物进行及时清除，早产儿一般有着较差的抵御能力，为易感人群ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>曲丽娟</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>1612</RecNum><DisplayText>[7]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1612</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="df025xexpdf0d4ezxelv9trh2et2pdpszt5r"timestamp="1620799986"guid="d0ba1ef5-83b3-4767-9901-0411377c221c">1612</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>曲丽娟</author><author>胡月飞</author><author>齐波</author><author>张东玲</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>黑龙江省医院 黑龙江省哈尔滨市骨伤科医院</auth-address><titles><title>根据早产儿的生理特点浅谈早产儿的护理对策%J中外健康文摘%JWORLDHEALTHDIGEST</title></titles><pages>252-254</pages><volume>7</volume><number>5</number><keywords><keyword>早产儿</keyword><keyword>护理诊断</keyword><keyword>护理对策</keyword><keyword>保温箱</keyword><keyword>保温</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2010</year></dates><isbn>1672-5085</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/periodical/ChlQZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3UzIwMjEwNDI4Eg96d2prd3oyMDEwMDUyNTQaCHlmZm5kdnUx</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3969/j.issn.1672-5085.2010.05.254</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京万方数据股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[7]。因此早产儿与足月儿（胎龄≥37周）进行对比发现，前者的身体健康状况更有问题，极易出现新生儿呼吸窘迫综合症及败血症等其他各类并发症ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>董梁</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>1609</RecNum><DisplayText>[3]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1609</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="df025xexpdf0d4ezxelv9trh2et2pdpszt5r"timestamp="1620799986"guid="bc4b72b5-311d-4b1b-abb9-1be411890e80">1609</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>董梁</author></authors><translated-authors><author>DongLiang</author></translated-authors></contributors><auth-address>西安交通大学</auth-address><titles><title>极低/超低出生体重儿母乳喂养的研究现状与进展%J中国儿童保健杂志%JChineseJournalofChildHealthCare</title></titles><pages>427-430</pages><volume>28</volume><number>4</number><keywords><keyword>极低出生体重儿</keyword><keyword>超低出生体重儿</keyword><keyword>母乳喂养</keyword><keyword>早产儿</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>1008-6579</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/periodical/ChlQZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3UzIwMjEwNDI4EhF6Z2V0Ymp6ejIwMjAwNDAxNhoIeWZmbmR2dTE%3D</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.11852/zgetbjzz2019-1732</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京万方数据股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[3].2.2母乳的成分及作用研究发现，母乳喂养有助于维持早产儿的健康，在早产儿的临床过程中，母乳喂养能改善早产儿的护理效果，甚至于会影响到早产儿未来的心血管健康ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>董梁</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>1609</RecNum><DisplayText>[3]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1609</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="df025xexpdf0d4ezxelv9trh2et2pdpszt5r"timestamp="1620799986"guid="bc4b72b5-311d-4b1b-abb9-1be411890e80">1609</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>董梁</author></authors><translated-authors><author>DongLiang</author></translated-authors></contributors><auth-address>西安交通大学</auth-address><titles><title>极低/超低出生体重儿母乳喂养的研究现状与进展%J中国儿童保健杂志%JChineseJournalofChildHealthCare</title></titles><pages>427-430</pages><volume>28</volume><number>4</number><keywords><keyword>极低出生体重儿</keyword><keyword>超低出生体重儿</keyword><keyword>母乳喂养</keyword><keyword>早产儿</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>1008-6579</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/periodical/ChlQZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3UzIwMjEwNDI4EhF6Z2V0Ymp6ejIwMjAwNDAxNhoIeWZmbmR2dTE%3D</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.11852/zgetbjzz2019-1732</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京万方数据股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[3]。母乳内部存在蛋白质、脂肪、糖分及其他各类矿物质和维生素等物质，对于早产儿来说营养更充足、配比更合理、便于吸收；而且母乳（尤其是初乳，分娩4-5天内或者怀孕后期的乳汁）内存有各种保护因子，能有效的避免结肠炎和败血症等病症的出现，这些保护性因子包括但不限于sIgA、溶菌酶、催乳素、抗炎因子、寡聚糖、生长因子、巨噬细胞、乳铁蛋白等等，在早产儿母乳中，这些保护性因子含量相对更高；且在母乳中，不饱和脂肪酸、乙型乳糖和牛磺酸等物质还便于幼儿个体的视网膜发育及神经系统的保护性生长；相对于足月儿母乳来说，早产儿母乳中存在更多的蛋白质、脂肪、氯化钠和磷脂，还有相对更多的铁、氮元素ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><RecNum>1628</RecNum><DisplayText>[8]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1628</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="df025xexpdf0d4ezxelv9trh2et2pdpszt5r"timestamp="1620800590"guid="c1427e3e-9a86-4ec5-b774-0cf6ed160041">1628</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">ｌａｔｅｄｍｉｃｒｏＲＮＡｓｉｎ</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%"></style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">ｍａｔｅｒｎａｌｂｒｅａｓｔｍｉｌｋａｒｅｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｄｂｙ</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%"></style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">ｐｒｅｍａｔｕｒｅｄｅｌｉｖｅｒｙ［Ｊ］．ＰｅｄｉａｔｒＲｅｓ，２０１７，８２（２）：２２６－２３６</style></title></titles><dates></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[8]。母乳内存有的干细胞也可通过分化方式来改变早产儿自身的生长发育效果，促进早产儿身体免疫系统的成熟，从而预防和治疗相当多的疾病ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><RecNum>1629</RecNum><DisplayText>[9]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1629</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="df025xexpdf0d4ezxelv9trh2et2pdpszt5r"timestamp="1620800612"guid="51c1795a-afe2-40c2-9a42-d2e2e21f7c93">1629</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">11. Li</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">Ｓ，ＺｈａｎｇＬ，ＺｈｏｕＱ，ｅｔａｌ．Ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｔｅｍｃｅｌｌｓ</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%"></style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">ａｎｄｉｍｍｕｎｅｃｅｌｌｓｉｎｐｒｅｔｅｒｍａｎｄｔｅｒｍ</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%"></style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">ｍｏｔｈｅｒ′ｓｍｉｌｋ［Ｊ］．Ｊ</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%"></style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">ＨｕｍＬａｃｔ，２０１９，３５（３）：５２８－５３４</style></title></titles><dates></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[9]；母乳内还含有能够在无副作用的前提下杀死超40余种癌细胞的肿瘤细胞致死性α－乳清蛋白，且经过多次体外试验发现该过程只需母乳内的α－乳清蛋白接触胃酸就可以，且无毒害，所以可以说，母乳喂养是预防肿瘤的重要方式ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>陈桂霞</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>1614</RecNum><DisplayText>[10]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1614</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="df025xexpdf0d4ezxelv9trh2et2pdpszt5r"timestamp="1620799986"guid="93256b81-69b5-4e38-a6f9-9b1407dc18a3">1614</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>陈桂霞</author><author>费芯筑</author><author>曾国章</author></authors><translated-authors><author>ChenGuiXia</author><author>F.E.I.XinZhu</author><author>ZengGuoZhang</author></translated-authors></contributors><auth-address>福建省厦门市妇幼保健院</auth-address><titles><title>母乳成分分析新进展促进儿童健康%J中国妇幼卫生杂志%JChineseJournalofWomenandChildrenHealth</title></titles><pages>77-80</pages><volume>9</volume><number>5</number><keywords><keyword>母乳</keyword><keyword>母乳成分</keyword><keyword>人α-乳清蛋白</keyword><keyword>乳脂球膜</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2018</year></dates><isbn>1674-7763</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/periodical/ChlQZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3UzIwMjEwNDI4EhF6Z2Z5d3N6ejIwMTgwNTAyMRoIeWZmbmR2dTE%3D</url></related-urls></urls><remote-database-provider>北京万方数据股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[10]；最后，母乳还有乳脂球膜能改善婴幼儿神经发育效果、有效帮助婴幼儿调节代写、预防感染。ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>张波</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>1615</RecNum><DisplayText>[11]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1615</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="df025xexpdf0d4ezxelv9trh2et2pdpszt5r"timestamp="1620799986"guid="f7f3a617-2fd4-4c34-a82d-b39506267698">1615</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>张波</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>中山大学</auth-address><titles><title>乳脂球膜与婴幼儿脑发育及健康的研究进展%J中国儿童保健杂志%JChineseJournalofChildHealthCare</title></titles><pages>43-47</pages><volume>24</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>乳脂球膜</keyword><keyword>脑发育</keyword><keyword>认知能力</keyword><keyword>代谢调节</keyword><keyword>健康效应</keyword><keyword>婴幼儿</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2016</year></dates><isbn>1008-6579</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/periodical/ChlQZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3UzIwMjEwNDI4EhF6Z2V0Ymp6ejIwMTYwMTAxMxoIeWZmbmR2dTE%3D</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-13</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京万方数据股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[11]。因此世界卫生组织建议早产儿应首选母乳喂养，因为母乳对于幼儿个体生理、营养和免疫的效果所起的作用是不可替代的，能更好帮助早产儿发育并减少并发症，改善早产儿的身体健康ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>吴丽丽</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>1613</RecNum><DisplayText>[12]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1613</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="df025xexpdf0d4ezxelv9trh2et2pdpszt5r"timestamp="1620799986"guid="87db8110-5ad6-4697-a37c-7a4fe00c05e9">1613</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>吴丽丽</author><author>郑月英</author><author>詹小灵</author><author>滕灵晶</author><author>林颖</author></authors><translated-authors><author>W.U.Lili</author><author>ZhengYueying</author><author>ZhanXiaoling</author><author>TengLingjing</author><author>L.I.N.Ying</author></translated-authors></contributors><auth-address>福建省妇幼保健院</auth-address><titles><title>NICU早产儿母乳喂养影响因素分析及提高母乳喂养的策略%J中外医学研究%JChineseandForeignMedicalResearch</title></titles><pages>183-185</pages><volume>17</volume><number>31</number><keywords><keyword>NICU</keyword><keyword>早产儿</keyword><keyword>母乳喂养</keyword><keyword>影响因素</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>1674-6805</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/periodical/ChlQZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3UzIwMjEwNDI4Eg96d3l4eWoyMDE5MzEwODAaCHlmZm5kdnUx</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.14033/ki.cfmr.2019.31.079</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京万方数据股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[12]。母亲亲自进行喂养是可以给早产儿带来各种感官信息、心跳、呼吸的一种方法，便于让早产儿觉醒，从而获得安全感，还能促进泌乳ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>华玲玲</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>1616</RecNum><DisplayText>[13]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1616</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="df025xexpdf0d4ezxelv9trh2et2pdpszt5r"timestamp="1620799986"guid="41b3360b-8a4f-4ee9-ba61-3b7038d7841c">1616</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>华玲玲</author><author>周敏</author><author>薛艳</author><author>唐云飞</author></authors><translated-authors><author>H.U.A.Lingling</author><author>ZhouMin</author><author>X.U.E.Yan</author><author>TangYunfei</author></translated-authors></contributors><auth-address>江苏省无锡人民医院</auth-address><titles><title>母乳喂养家庭病房的建立及其在NICU低出生体重儿中的应用研究%J中华护理杂志%JChineseJournalofNursing</title></titles><pages>1163-1167</pages><volume>53</volume><number>10</number><keywords><keyword>重症监护病房,新生儿</keyword><keyword>婴儿,低出生体重</keyword><keyword>母乳喂养</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2018</year></dates><isbn>0254-1769</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/periodical/ChlQZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3UzIwMjEwNDI4Eg96aGhsenoyMDE4MTAwMDIaCHlmZm5kdnUx</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2018.10.002</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京万方数据股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[13]。研究表明，母乳气味还有安抚婴儿的效果，从而减少幼儿哭泣此处，平稳幼儿的心率，且避免幼儿血氧饱和度的波动ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><RecNum>1630</RecNum><DisplayText>[14]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1630</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="df025xexpdf0d4ezxelv9trh2et2pdpszt5r"timestamp="1620800719"guid="35fd62ea-91a4-44d5-8d83-a12a3fd0d526">1630</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">15. </style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">ＮｅｓｈａｔＨ，ＪｅｂｒｅｉｌｉＭ，ＳｅｙｙｅｄｒａｓａｌｉＡ，ｅｔａｌ．Ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｂｒｅａｓｔ</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%"></style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">ｍｉｌｋａｎｄｖａｎｉｌｌａｏｄｏｒｓｏｎｐｒｅｍａｔｕｒｅｎｅｏｎａｔｅ′ｓｈｅａｒｔｒａｔｅ</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%"></style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">ａｎｄｂｌｏｏｄｏｘｙｇｅｎｓａｔｕｒａｔｉｏｎｄｕｒｉｎｇａｎｄａｆｔｅｒｖｅｎｉｐｕｎｃｔｕｒｅ</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%"></style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">［Ｊ］．ＰｅｄｉａｔｒＮｅｏｎａｔｏｌ，２０１６，５７（３）：２２５－２３１．</style></title></titles><dates></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[14]。而且，母乳的吸吮能对母亲的身体健康带来帮助，减少产后出血问题的出现和排卵的发生率，从而达到避孕效果，还能避免母亲患上乳腺癌ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>曹孟莹</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>1617</RecNum><DisplayText>[15]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1617</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="df025xexpdf0d4ezxelv9trh2et2pdpszt5r"timestamp="1620799986"guid="39c5080a-1d63-41e9-89c0-75c9fd75197d">1617</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>曹孟莹</author><author>云婷</author><author>李平</author><author>张艾川</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>山东中医药大学</auth-address><titles><title>早产儿母乳喂养的研究进展%J护士进修杂志%JJournalofNursesTraining</title></titles><pages>31-33</pages><volume>32</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>早产儿</keyword><keyword>母乳喂养</keyword><keyword>护理</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2017</year></dates><isbn>1002-6975</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/periodical/ChlQZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3UzIwMjEwNDI4Eg9oc2p4enoyMDE3MDEwMTEaCHlmZm5kdnUx</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.16821/ki.hsjx.2017.01.011</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京万方数据股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[15]。母乳喂养对于早产儿母亲的产后健康、抑郁风险、应激创伤都有非常有益的效果ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><RecNum>1631</RecNum><DisplayText>[16]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1631</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="df025xexpdf0d4ezxelv9trh2et2pdpszt5r"timestamp="1620800813"guid="cc6bfb8f-9a9f-4f63-8139-e38b06b214c5">1631</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">17. </style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">ＧａｒｆｉｅｌｄＬ，Ｈｏｌｄｉｔｃｈ－ＤａｖｉｓＤ，ＣａｒｔｅｒＣＳ，ｅｔａｌ．Ａｐｉｌｏｔｓｔｕｄｙ</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%"></style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">ｏｆｏｘｙｔｏｃｉｎｉｎｌｏｗ－ｉｎｃｏｍｅｗｏｍｅｎｗｉｔｈａｌｏｗｂｉｒｔｈ－ｗｅｉｇｈｔ</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%"></style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">ｉｎｆａｎｔ：ｉｓｏｘｙｔｏｃｉｎｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｐｏｓｔｔｒａｕｍａｔｉｃｓｔｒｅｓｓ？［Ｊ］．Ａｄ－</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="