高二英语寒假专题-名词性从句精讲精练人教版

高二英语寒假专题——名词性从句精讲精练人教版【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容寒假专题：名词性从句精讲精练名词往往在句中充当主语，宾语，表语和同位语。在复合句中，代替名词充当主语，宾语，表语和同位语的句子统称为名词性从句。名词性从句分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。（一）引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为五类：a.连词：that（无任何词意，不作成分，只起连接作用，宾语从句中常可省略）1)Myhopeisthatshewillsoonbewellagain.(表语从句)我的希望是她能很快康复。2)Everybodyhopesthatshewillsoonbewellagain.（宾语从句）大家都希望她能很快康复。3)Thatshewillsoonbewellagainisourhope.（主语从句）她能很快康复是我们的希望。b.whether,if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性，不作成分）1)Whetherheiscomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.(主语从句，不能用if)2)Iwentinandaskedif/whethertheyhadacheapsuit.3)Iwonderwhether/ifhewillcomeinsuchbadweather.c.连接代词：what,whatever,which,whichever,(在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，指物)1)____heneedismoretime.显然，主语从句：he是主语，谓语动词need缺宾语，因此应填what.2)Tellus___yousawandheardduringyourvisittothatuniversity.3)Thisisnot___Iwant.4)____somepeopleareagainstis___otherpeoplearefor.5)Thequestioniswhichteamwillwin.6)Ihavetwoapples,Idon’tknowwhichyouwant.归纳：what一般用于不知道内容或范围的句子；which“哪一个……”一般用于给出内容或范围的句子。可作主语，宾语，表语，还可作定语。d.who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose（在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语，指人）1)Whowillgiveusalectureisunknown.2)Thequestioniswhowillcomehere.e.连接副词：when,where,how,why,whenever,however,wherever(在从句中作状语)1)Ihavenoideahowhelearnedaboutit.2)Whereshehasgoneisnotknownyet.3)Whenhewillstartisnotknownyet.4)Thisiswhyheislate.注意：连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。（二）具体分类一）主语从句在复合句中作主语的从句叫主语从句。1)Thatyouareleavingisapity.你要走，真遗憾。2)Whetherthefootballgamewillbeplayeddependsontheweather.足球比赛是否举行将视天气而定。3)Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。4)Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。5)WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。6)Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1）It+be+名词+that从句①It’sapitythatwecan’tgo.很遗憾我们不能去。②ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.英语正在被人们接受为国际语言，这是事实。③Itisnowonderthatheisnothungry;hehasbeeneatingsweetsallday.难怪他不饿，他整天在吃糖果。（2）It+be+形容词+that从句①Itiscertainthatshewilldowellintheexam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。②Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了。③Isittruethatthescientistwillgiveusalecture.下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？（3）It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句①ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing据说格林先生已经到了北京。②ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madeearthsatelliteintoorbit.据报道中国又成功地将一颗人造地球卫星发射进入轨道。（4）It+不及物动词+that从句①ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.爱丽丝似乎不来参加晚会。②IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.碰巧那天我外出了。（5）其他情况①Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.她是否来无关紧要。②Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别。③Itsuddenlyoccurredtoherthatshehadforgottentolockthedoor.她突然想到,她忘记锁门了。另注意：在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：a.Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,funny,surprisingetc.)that…Itisimportantandnecessarythatwe(should)keepthebalanceofnature.我们要维持生态平衡，这很重要而且是必不可少的。b.Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that…Itisapitythatyou(should)misssuchagoodchance.真遗憾你竟然失去这么好的机会。c.Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…It’ssuggestedthatwe(should)dotheexperimentasecondtime.有人建议我们再做一次实验。Exercises:1.____ispowerisafamoussayingknowntousall.A.Whatknowledge B.HowknowledgeC.Thatknowledge D.Whereknowledge2.___wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan___wehave.A.What,what B.What,that C.That,that D.That,what3.___troublesmeis___Ican’tlearnalltheseEnglishidiomsbyheart.A.That,that B.What,what C,That,what D.What,that4.___youneedtoimproveyourlisteningismorepractice.A.That B.What C.Why D.How5.Yourskirtisreallysplendid,but___weactuallyneedisnotaskirtbutanewpairofshoes.A.that B.what C.whether D.how6.___shecouldn’tunderstandwas___fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;why B.That;what C.What;because D.Why;because答案：1.C2.A3.D4.B5.B6.A二）表语从句在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that从句。表语从句位于连系动词后，可接表语从句的连系动词有：be,look,seem,sound,appear，remain等。1)Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。2)That’sjustwhatIwant.那正是我想要的。3)Thequestioniswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.问题是他们能否帮我们。【注意】whether可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。4)Thisiswhereourproblemlies.这就是我们的问题所在。5)Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.那就是他不到会的原因。asif/asthough也可以用在连系动词后，引导表语从句。1)Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。2)Atthattime,itseemsasifIcouldn’tthinkoftherightwordanyhow.当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。注意：当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.because,why引导的表语从句1)That’sbecausehedidn’tunderstandme.那是因为他没有理解我。（That’sbecause...强调原因）2)That’swhyhegotangrywithme.那正是他对我生气的原因。（That’swhy...强调结果）使用虚拟语气的表语从句在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示，should可以省略。常见的词有：advice,suggestion,order,proposal等。1)Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。2)Hisproposalwasthatthey(should)challengetheotherclassestoafriendlycompetition.他的提议是挑战别的班级进行一场友谊竞赛。1.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s___youleftit.A.there B.where C.therewhere D.wherethere2.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat___youhadafewdaysoff?A.why B.when C.what D.where3.—Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?—Oh,that’s___.A.whatmakesmefeelexcited B.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeel D.whenIfeelexcited4.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.___Igotwetenough.A.It’show B.That’swhy C.There’swhy D.It’sthereason5.___makeshismothersurprisedwas___TomSmithshouldhavebeenfooledbysuchasimpletrick.A.What;that B.What;because C.That;what D.That;because6.___madememoresurprisedwas___thepickpocketaskedmyfriendtolendhimsomemoneyandheagreed.A.What;that B.That;that C.What;whether D.It;that7.Seetheflagonthetopofthebuilding?Thatwas___wedidthismorning.A.when B.which C.where D.what8.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis___Idisagree.A.why B.where C.what D.how答案：1.B2.A3.A4.B5.A6.A7.D8.B三）同位语从句（1）同位语从句用于对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，但也可以由连接代词whether和连接副词引导。1)Theywereallverymuchworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。2)Wehaven’tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.到哪去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有解决。3)Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasn’tbeendiscussed.我们是否要更多的时间来做这项工作，这个问题还未解决。（2）可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：1)Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。2)Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.我们是否该继续做这项实验，这个问题已经解决了。3)Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么时候回家。注意：当含有同位语从句的主句的谓语部分过短时，可以把谓语动词提前，使同位语从句与名词隔开，以避免头重脚轻的现象。1)ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.他想到的是玛丽可能生病了。2)WordcamethatMr.Presidentwouldcomeandinspectourschoolhimself.有消息说总统先生将亲自来视察我们学校。（3）使用虚拟语气的同位语从句在一些表示“建议、劝告、命令”含义的名词后的同位语从句中，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示，should可以省略。1)Thisisourrequestthatthis(should)besettledassoonaspossible.尽快解决这个问题，这是我们唯一的要求。2)Hemadethesuggestionthatwe(should)gobytrain.他建议我们坐火车去。（4）有时可用namely,thatistosay,inotherwords,thatis,.(=thatis),forexample等引出同位语，说明其前面的名词或代词。1)Hetoldusthegoodnews,namely,themuseumisopentoall.他告诉了我们这个好消息：博物馆对外开放了。2)ThereisonlyonewayofimprovingyourEnglish,thatis,topracticemore.要提高你的英语水平只有一个办法，那就是多练。对比与用法同位语从句和定语从句的区别：①that引导定语从句时，为关系代词，代指先行词，有实际意义，在句子中充当句子成分，作宾语时可以省略；定语从句对名词加以限制。②that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明。试比较下面两个例句:1)Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）2)Thenews(that)youtoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）Exercises:isknowntousall,Williamhadbrokenhisword___hewouldgiveTomarise.A.As;that B.It;what C.It;that D.As;which2.Whatdoyouthinkofthesuggestionthatwe___lunchatthenewrestaurant?A.willhave B.aregoingtohaveC.wouldhave D.have3.AccordingtoBillGates,theidea___wecanplayvideoandreceiveE-mailwithoutsittingatakeyboardwillcometrue.However,itisunclear___itwillbeonsaleand___itwillcost.A.which;that;what B./;whether;howmuchC.that;when;what D.that;that;howmuch4.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise___hewouldvisitmethecomingmonth.A.which B.that C.what D.whether5.Thereisafeelinginme___we’llneverknowwhataUFOis.A.that B.which C.ofwhich D.what6.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars___roadconditionsneed___.A.that;tobeimproved B.which;tobeimprovedC.where;improving D.when;improving答案：1.A2.D3.C4.B5.A6.A【模拟试题】（答题时间：40分钟）一、完形填空Todaywasthedayoftryingthenewboatontheriver.Nellajumpedoutofbed,gotdressedquicklyandwokeupherbrotherJed.After1NellaandJedarrivedattheriverbankand2thenewblueboatwaitingforthem.Theygotintotheboatandpackedtheirpicnicunderthe3.Nellastartedtheengineand4theywentintothewide,brownandunknown5oftheriver.Theboatsounded6roundabendintheriver.Onthedistantsandbanktheysawalongdarkcreature7inthesun.Itopenedoneeyeatthemandthensuddenlydisappearedintothe8“Whatwasthat?”shoutedJed.“Itlookedlikeacrocodiletome!”saidNella.“We’dbetterbe9.”Justastheycameroundthenext10theengine11andcametoastop.Nella12tostarttheengineagain.Butitwouldn’tstart.Theywere13.“Let’sgetthewoodenoars,”saidJed.“Maybewecanpushtheboatfree.”Theytriedbutfailed.“We’restuckona14,”saidNella.“We’lljusthavetositherehavingour15andwaitforthewaterto16.”“It’sboring!”saidJed.Suddenly,theyfelttheboatmove.Itmovedslowlyoffthesandbank.Andtheenginestartedagain.Justatthesametimetheynoticedablack17bytheboatsideandinnotimeitdisappearedinthebrownwaterahead.They18theirjourneydowntheriver.Itwassoexciting.Atnoontheysawasmallriver19offthemaincourse.Itwasn’tonthemap.“Let’s20inthere!”saidTheboatturnedintothesmallerchannel.Onbothsidesgrewthickunknowntrees.1.A.meal B.breakfast C.dinner D.lunch2.A.realized B.discovered C.found D.thought3.A.sun B.boat C.fire D.seat4.A.away B.around C.on D.up5.A.flow B.flood C.direction D.position6.A.smoothly B.normally C.badly D.hardly7.A.walking B.lying C.running D.sleeping8.A.sands B.woods C.air D.water9.A.serious B.brave C.careful D.slow10.A.bend B.river C.animal D.boat11.A.putout B.brokedown C.gavein D.gotoff12.A.planned B.managed C.intended D.tried13.A.stuck B.delayed C.stopped D.kept14.A.river B.creature C.sandbank D.stone15.A.rest B.picnic C.sightseeing D.fun16.A.fall B.come C.rise D.run17.A.snake B.fish C.shadow D.figure18.A.continued B.started C.ended D.went19.A.separating B.leading C.dividing D.leaving20.A.observe B.watch C.explore D.play二、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。(A)Lastnightwasthelastgameformyeight-year-oldson’ssoccerteam.Itwasthefinalquarter.Thescorewastwotoone,myson’steaminthelead.Parentssurroundedtheplayground,offeringencouragement.Withlessthantensecondsremaining,theballsuddenlyrolledinfrontofmyson’steammate,MickeyO’Donnel.Withshoutsof“Kickit!”echoingacrosstheplayground,Mickeyturnedaroundandgaveiteverythinghehad.Allaroundmethecrowderupted.O’Donnelhadscored.Thentherewassilence.Mickeyhadscoredallright,butinthewronggoal,endingthegameinatie.Foramomenttherewasatotalhush.Yousee,MickeyhasDown’ssyndrome(唐氏综合征)andforhimthereisnosuchthingasawronggoal.AllgoalswerecelebratedbyajoyoushugfromMickey.Hehadevenbeenknowntohugtheopposingplayerswhentheyscored.ThesilencewasfinallybrokenwhenMickey,hisfacefilledwithjoy,huggedmysontightlyandshouted,“Iscored!Iscored.Everybodywon!Everybodywon!”ForamomentIheldmybreath,notsurehowmysonwouldreact.Ineednothaveworried.Iwatched,throughtears,asmysonthrewuphishandintheclassichigh-fivesaluteandstartedchanting,“WaytogoMickey!WaytogoMickey!”WithinmomentsbothteamssurroundedMickey,joininginthechantandcongratulatinghimonhisgoalLaterthatnight,whenmydaughteraskedwhohadwon,IsmiledasIreplied,“Itwasatie.Everybodywon.”1.Whatwasthescoreofthesoccermatch?A.Twototwo,equaltoboththeteams.B.ThreetooneinMickey’steam’sfavor.C.Twotooneintheoppositeteam’sfavor.D.TwotooneinMickey’steam’sfavor.2.Theunderlinedword"hush"inParagraph3means.A.cheer B.cry C.laughter D.silence3.“WhatdidtheauthorworryaboutwhenMickeyscoredandhuggedhisson?A.Theresultofthematchwouldfailhisson.B.HissonwouldshoutatMickeyforhisgoal.C.Mickeywouldagainhugtheopposingplayers.D.HissonwouldunderstandMickey’swronggoal.4.WhydidMickeykickawronggoal?A.Helikedtheopposingplayers.B.Heoftenkickedthewronggoal.C.Hehadadisease.D.Hejustwantedtogetscores.5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.A.bothteamslikedandrespectedMickeyB.bothteamswerethankfultoMickeyforhisgoalC.Mickeydidn’tmindthoughhisgoalwaswrongD.Mickeywasakind-heartedboyandhopedeverybodywon(B)AnAustraliancompany,SmartCarTechnologies,hasdevelopedasystemthatletsdriversknowwhenthey’respeeding.Whenthetechnologybecomescommerciallyavailable,itcouldhelplead-footeddriversavoidticketsandalsosavelives.ThecompanythatdevelopedtheproducthopestoconvinceAustraliangovernmentagenciestoputthetechnologyintouseintheirautomobilefleets.Theproduct,calledSpeedAlert,linksreal-timelocationdataandspeedobtainedwiththehelpofGPStoadatabaseofpostedspeedlimitsstoredinadriver’sPDAorprogrammablemobilephone.Theset-upoftheproductdoesnotneedtobehookeduptoacar’sspeedometer.Infact,itisentirelyportable.ItwillalsoworkwithnewerphonesandPDAsthathavebuilt-inGPSreceivers.Ifadriverexceedsthespeedlimit,thespeedisshownandanalertsounds.MichaelPaine,anAustralianvehicledesignengineerandtrafficsafetyconsultant,washiredtoanalyzetheproduct.HetoldLiveSciencethathiscolleaguesintheroadsafetyfieldare“veryenthusiastic”aboutwhatthey’renowcalling“intelligentspeedalert”.Othersresearch,accordingtoPaine,showsthat40percentofalltrafficdeathsinvolvespeeding.Thereisalsoapotentiallycontroversialfutureuse:“Sincethesystemissoportable,itwouldbeeasytomakeitarequirement|orteenagedriverstoalwaysuseaspeedalertdevicewhendriving.”Painesaid.“Thesystemevenhasthecapabilitytorecordspeedingviolations,soparentscanmonitortheirteenagedrivers.”TheproductwillsoongoonsaleinSydney.6.What’sthepurposeofthenewproduct?A.Toinformusofthenewcarsystem.B.Tointroducesomeimprovementsincars.C.Tolimitcertaindriverstosafedriving.D.Topopularizethebuilt-incarsystem.7.Theunderlinedwords"lead-footeddrivers"refertotheones.A.whodrivetoocarelesslyB.thatdriveextremelyfastC.whoarepartlydisabledD.thatdrivetooslowly8.Thesecondparagraphmainlytalksabout.A.theprojectofthebuilt-inproductB.whythesystembecomespopularC.thefunctionsofGPSincarsD.howtheproductisprogrammed9.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.SpeedAlertandItsFutureUseB.ProgressinCar-makingScienceC.WarningforAdventurousDriversD.NewIn-CarDeviceagainstSpeeding(C)Flagsareflyingathalf-mastacrossChina.Chinaiscomingtotheendofanofficialperiodofmourningforthosewhodiedinlastweek’searthquakeinSichuanprovince.Forthreedays,therehavebeennoentertainmenteventsandthegovernmenthasdelayedtheOlympictorchrelay.Chineseofficialshavesaidthatthedeathtollfromthecatastrophehasnowrisentoover41,000.Over230,000peoplewereinjured.Alongwiththemanyaccountsofsufferingandloss,therehavebeenafewamazingstoriesofsurvival.ChinesenewsreportedtodaythatawomaninHongbaihasbeenrescuedafterbeingtrappedinatunnelforninedays.Shehasbeentakentohospitalandisexpectedtosurvive.However,hopesarequicklyfadingforthosewhoremaintrapped.AccordingtotheStateCouncilover32,000peoplearemissinginthequakearea.Therescueworkers’attentionisnowturningtowardstherecoveryofbodiesfromtherubble(瓦砾)andprovidingfood,shelteran