IELTS写作之替换工程-〉211

IELTS写作之替换工程（适合骨灰级玩家）大作文替换方式集合名词序号国内考生常用的表达更得分的表述方式1Thingsthatonetrieshardtodoone’sundertakings/one’scommitments2Thefactisthat…Therealityisthat3joyhappiness/delight/enjoyment4sadnesssorrow/grief5dangerhazard/peril（后面这个词语气很强，危险程度非同一般）[派生]dangerous;hazardous6education≈schooling（指学校教育，家庭教育则用upbringing/parenting）[区分]家庭教育的两个词upbringing和parenting的区别在于：upbringing是从孩子的角度说的；而parenting是从家长的角度来说，比如sensibleparenting7advertisement/advertising如果你写过关于广告的题目，就一定体会过不停轮换使用advertisement/advertising有多郁闷。其实主体论断中完全可以把广告种类细化，比如commercials（电视或者互联网上的广告），flyers(传单广告，北京最常见的形式就是”135****,办证”)，billboards(大幅的广告牌)或者non-profitadvertisements=public-interestadvertisements(公益广告)8carautomobile9famouspeoplecelebrities(单数为celebrity)10humanbeings（被考生使用过多）humanity(注意这个词的单数指人类，复数指人文学科)/thehumanrace11wealthfortune(s)(fortune作财富的意思时可以加复数)12[相关]richwealthy/affluent(adj.)13skill≈technique(注意这个词的正确解释是技能或者方法，而不是technology科技)14[派生]skilledadept/adroit(adj.)15methodmethodology(国外学术写作中超级常用的词，基本就是method的故作高深版)16understandingof≈graspof/commandof17choiceoption18cooperation≈collaboration19basicstructureinacityoracountryinfrastructure20tirednessforalongtimefatigue21isamustforisaprerequisitefor(是……的必备先决条件)22theInternet≈theinformationhighway(一篇考生作文里Internet被使用十几次是常事儿)23honesty≈integrity24strongbelieffaith(in)25aimintention26worriesanxieties(是的，这两个词的确都可以加复数)27influenceimpact/repercussion/implication28influenceoneachothermutualinfluence(类似的表达还有mutualrespect,mutualtrust和mutualunderstanding/interactionbetweenAandB/interplaybetweenAandB)29manydifferentkindsof…avarietyof…/awidearrayof…/awiderangeof…30wrongideasheldbymanypeoplemisconceptions31range≈spectrum32sense≈recognition33partcomponent(这个词不仅指零件，在学术写作中叶经常指”部分”)34wise[相关]sensible(adj.)35gapdisparity36asystemforaparticularpurpose≈amechanismfor…37asolutiontosth.aremedyforsth.(生活中经常指一种病的治疗方法，但学术写作中经常用来指某种问题的解决办法，注意搭配的介词不同)38badstudents≈unrulystudents/disruptivestudents39badbehaviorunethicalbehavior/immoralbehavior40organizationsthathelppoorpeoplecharities/charitableorganizations序号国内考生常用的表达更得分的表述方式41differencedistinction42[派生]bedifferentfrombedistinctfrom43personindividual44personality≈disposition45therateof…theincidenceof...（后面一般跟坏现象，比如unemployment/crime/adisease）46culturalglobalization(有过多人使用这个词)globalculturalhomogenization47athingthatisnecessaryanecessity48athingthatisnewandinterestinganovelty49athingthatisrareararity50thingsthatpeoplearenotsureaboutuncertainties51aworldlanguageauniversallanguage52friendscompanions53relaxation≈recreation54self-respect≈self-esteemanddignity55respectsb./sth.holdsb./sth.inhighregard56[反义]lookdownon…treat...withcontempt=despise57self-controlself-discipline58criminalconvict59prisonerinmate60peoplewhowalkonthestreetpedestrians61oldgenerationsinhistoryancestors62apersonwhobenefitsfromsth.abeneficiaryofsth.63adiseasethatspreadsquicklyanepidemic（注意这个词虽然是-ic结尾，却不是形容词）64averyunpleasantwayoflifemisery65emotion≈sentiment66narrowmindsinsularminds（狭隘的头脑或者观念）67thewaytodosth.theapproachtodosth.68hobby≈pastime/diversion69progressProgression（指抽象的进步，比如写关于society/career/technology的话题）70failureSetback（注意作名词的时候中间没有空格）71importancesignificance72labormanuallabor73pressurefromotherstudentspeerpressure74citizenswhocanworklaborforce/workforce（注意后面这个词的标准写法中间没有空格）75problemsordiseasesthatexistforalongtimepersistentproblems/chronicdiseases76donotexerciseoftenasedentarylifestyle77resultConsequence（表示消极的结果多一些）78thoughts≈considerations79difficultyhindrance/impediment/hurdles80thelackofknowledgeignorance（注意在地道英文里，这个词经常并不表示“忽视”，而是表示“无知”）81harm(n.)adverseeffect82harm(vt.)damage;destroy/ruin（这两个词比damage程度更重）；spoil（后面跟thecityscape/scenery/environment）；undermine（后面跟抽象概念，比如stability/socialorder/harmony）；jeopar-dise（后面跟抽象概念，比如one’sfuture/one’scareer）；tarnish（后面跟one’sreputation/image）；sap/dampen（后面跟one’senthu-siasm/interest/confidence）83[派生]harmfuldetrimental84[派生]beharmfulto≈poseathreatto85badluckmisfortune86troubleadversity/dilemma/predicament/hardship87crimeoffence/criminalact88shortage(of)scarcity(of)/dearth(of)89theonlyoneanexception序号国内考生常用的表达更得分的表述方式90seriouscrimeheinouscrime/felony91placeswhereanimalslivehabitat形容词92begood(for)bebeneficial(to)=beinthebestinterest(of)93worrying≈disturbing94verypopularprevalent/ubiquitous95truegenuine(truly→genuinely)96deepprofound(深刻的，后面经常跟wisdom/truths/understanding/impact/thoughts)97strongpowerful/mighty98weak=vulnerable99manynumerous(注意要跟可数名词)100complicatedintricate101cannotbeturnedbackbeirreversible102produceusefulresultsproductive(e.g.Withoutnaturaltalent,continuoustrainingwouldbeneitherattractivenorproductive.)103practical=realistic104matureSophisticated(这个词指人的时候意思是思维成熟老练的)105selfishself-centered/materialistic106suitablefitting107lonely≈isolated/alienated108beeasilyinfluencedbysth.besusceptibletosth.(一般是坏事情，比如adisease/attacks)109isbetterthanissuperiorto110notasgoodas...isinferiorto111bethesamebeidentical/behomogenous/beuniform（后面两个词比较正式，一般是culturalglobalization的时候常用，现在理解为什么小幅的名词叫schooluniforms了吧，就是让大家看起来都一样的衣服）112interesting≈stimulating113boring≈monotonous/repetitive114uselessredundant115smartintelligent116famousrenowned117positive≈desirable/encouraging118canbeusedbeavailable119hardtounderstandbewildering/baffling/confusing120(laws/rules/people)notstrictlenient121healthtWholesome（注意说人的健康还是要用healthy,但是如果说事物有益健康，就可以用wholesome）122goodfortheenvironmenteco-friendly(比如Bikingisfarmoreeco-friendlythandrivingtheirSUVs.)123nervous/anxious≈apprehensive124doubtsth.beskepticalaboutsth.125fair≈justified（e.g.Thegapsbetweentheirearningsandthoseofpeoplewhoworklessselfishlycannotbejustified.）126unfair≈unwarranted/unjustifiable127hugeenormous/massive/vast/colossal128havemanydifferentabilitiesbeversatile/bewell-rounded129befamiliarwithbewell-acquaintedwith130properappropriate131uglyunsightly132thepresent...thecurrent.../theexisting...(比如thecurrentfinancialcrisis/theexistingenvironmentalproblems)133outdatedantiquated/obsolete134Spendalotofmoneyleadanextravagantlife135openenlightened/progressive（开明的，进步的，经常用来形容government或者society）序号国内考生常用的表达更得分的表述方式136sth.mustbecarriedoutsth.iscompulsory/sth.ismandatory137withlonghistoryTime-honored（后面经常跟抽象名字，比如tradition/practice/method/heritage）138continuingforeverperpetual139Importantsignificant/essential/vital（这三个词的重要性依次递增）140bequalifiedforbeeligiblefor141disappointingfrustrating142beingspreadinanuncontrolledwayrampant（后面经常跟负面现象，比如crime，pollution，discrimination）143cruel≈inhumane/merciless144fatoverweight/obese（后面这个表示已经胖出病来了）145havingwrongopinionsskewed/biased（这两个词一般在IELTS媒体类话题中使用，表示“有偏见的”）146includingmanythingscomprehension147enoughadequate/sufficient/ample/abundant（注意这四个词的语气是逐渐递增的）148toomuchexcessive149verylittleminimal（注意不是minimum）150causebadeffectscounterproductive（其实地道英语里这个词不见得与生产有关，只要阻止人们达到目的，都可以写它counterproductive）151strictstringent(后面一般跟laws，measures，rules)152urgentpressing（problems）动词153makesth.strongstrengthen/fortify/reinforce/consolidate154makesth.weakweaken/erode（侵蚀）155makesth.betterenhance/better（很少看到国内考生用better做动词，其实在学术写作中bettersth.是挺常见的表达，比如剑桥范例：tobetterconditionsforthedisabled）156makesth.worseaggravate/exacerbatesth.157control…（anegativetrend）curb...（crime/pollution/economicrecession）158managesth.≈regulatesth./overseesth.159appearemerge/arise（后者的主语一般是抽象概念，如debate）160dieoutextinct161failtoseeneglect/overlook162see…freerelease（prisoners/stress）163begincommence/initiate（后者跟抽象概念更多，比如initiatetheconflict）164narrow/bridgethegapbetweenAandB（注意bridge这里是动词）【反义】widenthegapbetweenAandB165beforcedtodosth.becompelledtodosth.166trytodosth.≈pursuesth.（one’sgoal/one’scareer/businessinterests/maximumprofit/hegemony）167dosth.≈perform/conductsth.（注意这里perform不是“表演”，而是“从事”）168donotdosth.refrainfromdoingsth.169carryoutimplement170makeacrimecommitacrime（注意请不要写makeacrime）171commitacrimeagainreverttocrime（crime这里是不可数名词）172punishpenalize173【派生】punishmentpenalty174spreadpropagate/disseminate（这两个词后面经常跟information/ideas/belief这类名词）175developfastflourish/thrive176develop(这里做“培养”的意思)cultivate/foster/nurture（这三个词后面经常跟与教育有关的名词，如aninterestinsocialissues）177【相关】fast-developingburgeoning序号国内考生常用的表达更得分的表述方式216moveto...relocateto…/havebeenrelocatedto…217comefrom...originatefrom/in…218improveboost/enhance(比如boostsolidarity增进团结/enhanceproductivity提高生产率)219wasteuse…lavishly220reducecurtail(多用于政府投资类话题)/diminish(多用于文化类或者发展类中的抽象话题)221increaseaugment(多用于政府投资类话题)222helpassist223help(n.)assistance224setupestablish225trytodosthattempttodosth226tryhardtodosthmakeastrenuous/anarduous/apainstakingefforttodosth227changealter228change…alotfundamentallychange…/radicallychange…/transform229solveaddress/combat(后面这个是剑桥范文中最常用的“解决”之一)230correct(vt.)rectify(amistake)231takedowndemolish/rase(谈到拆老建筑的时候常用)232obeyabideby/complywith/conformto(后面跟thelaw/rules/regulations等)233banban...altogether/strictlyprohibit...（e.g.ThegovernmentintroducedalawstrictlyprohibitingtobaccoadvertisementsonTV.）234criticisecondemn/denounce(这两个词一般用于政府类话题，但不要用在教育类)235dependonhingeon=becontingenton（意思是：取决于...）236dependonrelyon(意思是：依靠…)237dealwithcopewith238doone’sbesttodosthcommitoneselftodoingsth./strivetodosth./doone’sutmosttodosth./sparenoefforttodosth.239useupexhaust(energy/resources)/stretch(resources)tothelimit240reportthedetailsofsthreportsth.ingraphicdetail241preventsb.fromfocusingon…distractsb.from…242spendAonB≈dedicateAtoB243usetoomuchstretch...tothelimit/putastrainon...244pourdischarge(排放，环境类话题常用，比如dischargechemicalwasteintorivers,streamsandlakes)245getusedtogetaccustomedto246dieoutgoextinct247continuetoexistpersist(在雅思作文中经常用来指某种坏现象长期存在)248comewith.beattendedby/beaccompaniedby...249broadenone’shorizonsexpandone’soutlook/enlargeone’svision(broadenone’shorizons这个句型已经被考生使用过多惨遭贬值)250breakthelawviolatethelaw251putsb.inprisonincarceratesb.252makelawsagainst…legislateagainst...253[相关]lawlegislation(名词，注意law在特指具体的法律时可以用复数，但是legislation不能用复数)254makesth.activestimulate(后面经常跟imagination/creativity/interest/economicgrowth等词汇)255makeone’sdreamcometruefulfillone’spotential/attainone’sgoal256leadtochangeinactasacatalystforchangein...257dealwiththeneedmeetthedemand/satisfytheneed258take…awayfromsbdeprivesb.of...(省略号中可以填入freedom/leisuretime/therightto等值的拥有的内容)259givesb.Theabilitytoenablesb.to260giveaclearideaofgetaclearperspectiveof261belostgoastray(作文中如果写青少年“误入歧途”，就不要再写getlost)262spendtoomuchtimeonbeaddictedto/bepreoccupiedwith/beobsessedwith(这三个词组的语气越来越强）263preparefor…pavethewayfor…/laythegroundworkfor…/layasolidfoundationfor…(为……打好基础）264breakthebalanceupsetthebalance265balanceAandBstrikeabalancebetweenAandB(在A和B之间争取一种平衡）266catchcapture267thinkof…asregard…as/view…as/perceive..as268getridofeliminate/remove269getridofabolish(多用于政府类话题，废除）270make…higherdriveup(后面经常跟thecrimerate/unemploymentrate)副词271mainlyprimarily/principally/chiefly272Intheolddays,…Traditionally,…/Historically,…273now≈currently274Actually,…≈Technically,…(严格来说它的意思并不是“事实上”，但在学术写作中它是一个表示“精确地说”非常棒的词汇）275verysoonimmediately276notoftenatallrarely277completelyentirely278dosth.withoutcarefulthoughtdosth.Impulsively279blindlyindiscriminately(不加选择的）/mechanically(机械的）短语或句型280only≈merely(注意只有only作副词的时候才可以替换）281alittle/abitsomewhat(注意只有alittle/abit后面跟形容词的时候才可以这样替换）282aboutregarding/concerning/withrespectto/withregardto283afewahandfulof(请注意仅指少数时acoupleof容易被挑剔的考官判为过于口语化）284Although…,therealsituationis…Hypothetically,…/Theoretically,…/Intheory/Ideally,…==>Butinreality,…/Butinactuality,…/Butinpractice,…(Ideally指“理想化地说,”；另外请注意剑桥提供的范文中是允许用But开始句子的，尽管国外很多大学教授不喜欢这种写法）285Mostyoungpeople…Youngpeopletendto…=Youngpeopletypically…(tendto和typically都是表示某一类人多半会怎样做的常用表达）286needstobechangediscryingoutforreform(固定短语）287bepunishedbythelawbebroughttojustice288dosth.Togethermakeaconcertedefforttodosth.289Itiscommonforsb.To…Itisstandardpracticeforsb.To…290isbasedon…ispredicatedon…291havenochoicebutto…havenooptionbutto…/havenoalternativebutto…292beworththeeffortbeworthwhile293andsoonect.(前面可加逗号，注意雅思写作中完全可以使用ect.或者e.g.这样的拉丁文表达，而且剑7和剑4中都出现了294iscloselyconnectedwith…isintrinsicallylinkedto…295throughbywayof(介词短语)296becauseofdueto/owingto(雅思作文中这两个词组后面一般是跟负面含义的名词）297inthisaspectinthisregard/inthisrespect（这里不是尊重的意思，而是指某方面）298despite/inspiteofnotwithstanding(请注意这三个词都是后面必须紧跟名词或者名词短语，而不可以直接跟从句）299infactasamatteroffact≈inessence/essentially(inessence/essentially的意思是“本质上”）300besidesapartfrom301Itisobviousthat…Itisevidentthat…?302sth.Stops.sth.Comestoastandstill.303besimilarto…beakinto(学术写作中相当常见的句型）304Aisas…asBBis…Aisequally…305Itisimpossiblethat..Itishighlyunlikelythat…306AhasmadeB+adj./n.AhasrenderedB+adj./n.(注意这里的宾语B后面只能是跟形容词或者名词）307AhasmadeBdosth.Ahasprompted/impelledsb.Todosth.(注意这两个词后面的宾语之后不能省略to)308sth.doesnotalwaysremainthesamesth.Isnotcarvedinstone(某事物并非一成不变)309Ahighpercentageof…theproportionof…isveryhigh.(……的比例很高）310Thecauseof…is…canbeattributedto/canbeascribedto…(可以归因于…)311nomatterregardlessof/irrespectiveof(注意nomatter后面一般跟从句，而regardlessof和irrespectiveof后面多数时候跟名词或者名词短语）312talkingabout…/speakingofintermsof…(经常用来限制一个命题的适用范围，比如Intermsofculture,thiscityisfascinating.Butintermsoftraffic,itisinferior.)小作文替换方式集合序号国内考生常用的表达更得分的表述方式1onthewholeoverall2Inthese25yearsduringthis25-yearperiod3about/aroundapproximately4decreasede