2019-2020年高二英语Unit1Makingadifference课本原文人教版

2019-2020年高二英语Unit1Makingadifference课本原文人教版Imaginethis：youaretwenty-oneyearsoldandapromisinggraduatestudentatoneofthetopuniversitiesintheworld．Oneday,yourdoctortellsyouthatyouhaveanincurablediseaseandmaynothavemorethantwelvemonthstolive．Howwouldyoufeel?Whatwouldyoudo?Mostofuswouldprobablyfeelverysadandgiveupourdreamsandhopesforthefuture．HereiswhatStephenHawkingthought：(Theredidnotseem)muchpointinworkingonmyPhD—Ididnotexpecttosurvivethatlong．YettwoyearshadgonebyandIwasnotthatmuchworse．Infact,thingsweregoingratherwellformeandIhadgotengagedtoaverynicegirl,JaneWilde．Butinordertogetmarried,Ineededajob，andinordertogetajob，IneededaPhD．Insteadofgivingup，Hawkingwentonwithhisresearch，gothisPhDandmarriedJane．Nordidheletthediseasestophimfromlivingthekindoflifehehadalwaysdreamtof．Hecontinuedhisexplorationoftheuniverseandtraveledaroundtheworldtogivelectures．Inxx，HawkingvisitedChinaandspoketouniversitystudentsinHangzhouandBeijing．Ashisdiseasehasdisabledhim，Hawkinghastositinhisnow-famouswheelchairandspeakthroughaputer．Hetoldthestudentsabouthistheoriesandthoughtsonsomeofthegreatestquestions：Whatistime，howdidtheuniversebegin，andwhatexactlyareblackholes?Hawkingbecamefamousintheearly1970s，whenheandAmericanRogerPenrosemadenewdiscoveriesabouttheBigBangandblackholes．Sincethen，Hawkinghascontinuedtoseekanswerstoquestionsaboutthenatureoftheuniverse．In1988，hewroteABriefHistoryofTime，whichquicklybecameabest-seller．Readerswerepleasedandsurprisedtofindthatascientistcouldwriteabouthisworkinawaythatordinarypeoplecouldunderstand．Inthebook．Hawkingexplainsbothwhatitmeanstobeascientistandhowscienceworks．Hetellsreadershowdiscoveriesaremadeandhowtheychangetheworld．Science，accordingtoHawking，isoftenmisunderstood：peopleoftenthinkthatscienceisabout“true”factsthatneverchange．Scientists，ontheotherhand，Hawkingwrites，knowthattheirjobisneverfinishedandthateventhebesttheorycanturnouttobewrong．Ascientifictheoryistheresultofthescientificmethod．Scientistslookattheworldandtrytodescribeandexplainwhattheysee．First，theycarefullyobservewhattheyareinterestedin．Toexplainwhattheyhaveseen，theybuildatheoryaboutthewayinwhichthingshappenandthecausesandeffects．Finally，thescientiststestthetheorytoseeifitmatcheswhattheyhaveseenandifitcanpredictfutureevents．IfwhattheyareobservingCanbetestedinapracticalway，scientistswilluseexperiments．Butif,likeHawking，theyarestudyingsomethingthatistoolargeortoodifficulttoobservedirectly，theywilluseamodeltotestthetheory．PeoplewholistentoHawking’slecturessometimesfinditdifficulttounderstandhim，becausehisthoughtsandideasoftenseemaslargeastheuniverseheistryingtodescribe．Thespeechputerisnottheproblem．Infact，peoplewhohearitoftensayitsoundsjustlikeahumanvoice．Hawkingishappywithit,too．“Theonlytrouble，”saysHawking，whoisBritish,“isthatitgivesmeanAmericanaccent．”Ⅰ.Choosethebestanswertoeachquestion．1.Readthequoteinthetextagain．WhenwasStephenHawkingtoldabouthisdisease?A.Twelvemonthsearlier.B.Whenhewasgettingmarried.C.Twoyearsearlier.D.WhenhemetJaneWilde.2.AccordingtoHawking，scienceis________________．A.nevertrueB.alwayschangingC.alwaystrue3.Ascientifictheoryisgoodif_______________．A.itisdifficultB.itCanbetestedC.itCanpredictfutureeventsⅡ.Answerthefollowingquestions．1.AccordingtoHawking，howdopeoplemisunderstandscience?2.Whatarethebasicstepsofthescientificmethod?3.WhatisitthatHawkingdoesnotlikeabouthisspeechputer?BMakingadifferenceItisnotnecessarytobeagreatscientisttomakeadifference，buttherearethingswecanlearnfromthebestmindsinthisworld．GreatscientistslikeStephenHawkingalwayswanttoknowmore．Theyareneversatisfiedwithasimpleanswerandarealwayslookingfornewquestions．TheItalianastronomerGalileoGalileiwassocuriousthatheusedamicroscopeandatelescopeinordertobeabletotakeacloserlookatthingsbothgreatandsmall．Byaskingwhy，howandwhatif,curiousmindsfindnewideasandsolutions．Ifknowledgeispower,asSirFrancisBaconwrotein1597，thenperhapscreativitycanbedescribedastheabilitytousethatpower．Scientistsmustbecreativeandusetheirimaginationallthetime．WhenZhangHeng，theChineseastronomerandgeographer,wantedtodrawamapoftheheavens，hewasnotsatisfiedwithasimplepapermap．Instead，hebuiltamodelthatcouldmoveinordertoshowhowthepositionofthestarschangedfromseasontoseason．Wemustbelieveinwhatwedo，evenwhenothersdonot．BothGalileoandZhangHengfounditdifficulttomakepeoplebelievethattheirtheorieswerecorrect．PeoplelaughedatZhangHengwhenhefirstintroducedhisseismograph,anditwasonlylaterthattheworldrecognisedhisgreatness．Galileo’sobservationsshowthatCopernicus，anothergreatastronomer,wasrightandthattheearthmovesaroundthesun，nottheotherwayaround．Atthattime，thechurchsaidthattheearthwasthecentreoftheuniverseandGalileowasnotallowedtopublishordiscusshisobservations．Today,bothZhangHengandGalileoareknownasscientificpioneerswhohelpedusbetterunderstandtheworld．Perhapsthemostimportantthingifwewanttomakeadifferenceistofindsomethingthatweliketodoandthatwearegoodat．Knowingwhowearemeansknowinghowwethinkandwhatweliketodo．Everyonehashisorherspecialskillsandinterests，andonlybydiscoveringwhatwedobestcanwehopetoreachourgoalsandtrulymakeadifference．CIntegratingSkillsALBERTEINSTEINWhenStephenHawkingwaswritingABriefHistoryofTime，hiseditorstoldhimthathewouldlosehalfofhisreadersforeachequation(方程式)heputinthebook．Despitethiswarning，Hawkingfounditnecessarytoincludeoneequation．Hischoicewastheworld’smostfamousequation.AlbertEinstein’sE=mc．2Assimpleastheequationmayseem,itrepresentsatheorysoimportantthatitchangedscienceandphysicspletely．Infact，Einstein’sdiscoveriesmadesuchabigdifferencethathefelthehadtoapologisetoNewton．“Forgiveme，”Einsteinwrote，“youfoundtheonlywaywhich，inyourage，wasjustaboutpossibleforamanofhighestthoughtandcreativepower.”EinsteinhadreplacedNewton’stheorieswithhisownandchangedourunderstandingoftheuniverse．BeforeEinstein，scientistsbelievedthatlighttraveledthroughspaceinastraightline．ButEinsteinwasabletoprovethatlightingfromthestarswasbentasitpassedthesun．Asaresult，itappearedtoscientistsonearththatthestarshadmoved.Heworkedoutjusthowmuchthelightwouldbebent；hecouldalsoworkouthowfarthestarswouldappeartohavemoved.Hisdiscoverywaspletelynew；itwassaidthatonlythreepeoplecouldunderstanditatthetime．Thedifficultywashowhecouldprovehisideastootherscientists．Manyofthemdidnotaccepthisscientificideas．ButEinsteinwentonwithhisresearch.By1919，scientistswhohadbeenwatchingthestarsbelievedinhisworkandhequicklybecameworld-famous．FromthattimeonEinsteinwasgreatlyrespectedastheleadingscientistofthecentury.TheFirstWorldWar(1914-1918)hadbroughthimgreatsadness．HehadtakenSwissnationalityin1901andthereforedidnothavetojointhearmy,asSwitzerlanddidnottakesidesinthewar．EinsteinthoughtthatWarwasaterriblethingandbelievedthatfightingandkillinginWarswaswrong．HedidurgetheUnitedStatestobuildanatomicbombtodefeattheNazis，butwhenEinsteinsawtheeffectofthebomb，heregrettedhisactions．Whathewantedtoseewasanendtoallthearmiesoftheworld．WhenHitlercameintopowerintheearly1930s，Einstein，whowasaJew,founditimpossibletocontinuelivinginGermany．Hisfriendswerebeaten，ortakenaway,ortheirhomesweredestroyed.WhilehewasdoingresearchinAmerica，Einsteinwrotealettertoanewspapertosaythattheseactswerewrong．ItmeantthathewouldneverbeabletovisitGermanyagain．ThatiswhyEinsteinandhisfamilyleftEuropefortheUSAin1933．2019-2020年高二英语Ⅰ.Teachingaimsanddemands1.Topic:Unit1MakingadifferenceTalkaboutscienceandscientists2.Function:describingpeopleanddebatingThat’scorrect.It’sclearthat…Idoubtthat…Thereisnodoubtthat…It’shardtosay.Well,maybe,but…That’strue.What’syouridea?Haveyouthoughtabout…?3.Vocabularyundertakeanalysiswithingravitysimilarparagraphdebatescanboundaryincurableengagepromiseexplorationdisabletheoryseekthat(adv.)misunderstandscientificmethodobservematchpredictastronomercuriousmicroscopetelescopepunishintelligentpatientbesimilartogoonwithworkongobybe/getengagedtosb.useupdreamofturnouttakealookattheotherwayroundbecurioustodosth./aboutsth./that–clausebesatisfiedwithonfiremakeadifference4.GrammarTheinfinitiveusedaspredictive/adverbial/attribute/subject/objectⅡ.TheanalysisoftheteachingmaterialThetopicofthisunitis“makingadifference”.Inthisunit,firstwecanlearnaboutthesciencesubjectsandknowtheimportanceofeachsubject.Second,wecangetfamiliarwithsomegreatscientistsandtheirfamousquotesandachievements,suchasStephenHawking,Galileo,AlbertEinstein,ZhangHengandsoon.Third,wewillknowhowthediscoveriesandinventionsofthegreatscientistshelpusbetterunderstandtheworldandimproveourlife.Byknowingthis,studentsareencouragedtostudyhard,andtheirloveofscienceandtheirhopeofbeingscientistsareinspired.1.Warmingup:Itoffersusfivepicturesofforeigngreatscientistswiththeirfamousquotes.Bylearningtheirquotesandtalkingabouttheirachievements,studentscanknowaboutthekeytosuccessandmaketheirmindstobesuccessful.2.Listening:Itcontains4greatmindsincludingthestudents.Infact,itprovidesthreepassagesandthestudentsareaskedtohaveaguesswhotheyare,whichissointerestingthatitmayfurtherarousethestudents’enthusiasminscience.3.Speaking:Thestudentsareaskedtohaveadebateaboutwhichbranchofscienceisthemostimportantandusefultosociety.Bydoingso,studentscanpracticedebatingskillsandusesomeusefulexpressionsfreely.Atthesametime,theywillfindthatknowledgeplaysanimportantpartinourdailylife.4.Pre-readingThethreequestionsinpre-readingpavethewayforreading.5.Reading:ThetextdescribesHawking’sdisease,dream,achievementsandopinionsonscienceandscientificresearch.6.Post-reading:Theexerciseshelpthestudentsfurtherunderstandthisgreatscientist.7.LanguagestudyItcontainswordstudyandgrammar.Studentswillhaveabetterknowledgeoftheusesoftheinfinitiveinthispart.8.IntegratingskillsItincludesreadingandwriting.Inthereadingpassage,studentscanlearnaboutcharacteristicsoffivescientistsandtheirscientificspirit.Inthewritingpart,studentsareaskedtowriteaparagraphtodescribeafavouritescientist.9.TipsUnitOnealsogivesstudentssomeadviceonhowtousethescientificmethodtolearnEnglish.10.checkpointItsumsuptheusesoftheinfinitive.Ⅲ.TeachingarrangementsPeriod1&2:Warmingup,listeningandspeakingPeriod3&4:readingPeriod5:LanguagestudyPeriod6:IntegratingskillsandwritingNotes:1.AmendingInwarmingup,it’stooabstractforthestudentstotalkaboutthequotes,sowedealwithitasaunittasktothestudentsattheverybeginning―makeupacolumnaboutscientistsandtheirquotes.2.ReplacementInspeaking,thetextgivesthestudentsthedebate:Whichbranchofscienceismoreimportantandusefultooursociety?It’stoodifficultandabstractforthestudentstocarryitout.Thereasonsareasfollows:1)Theirvocabularyisnotlargeenough.2)It’stoodifficulttodivideeachbranchofscienceinourdailylife.Infact,eachbranchcan’tbedividedfromtheothers.Onlybybiningthemtogether,canwemakeourworldmorebeautiful.Sowechangethetopic,andaskthestudentstotalkaboutwhathashappenedinourdailylife.Thatis,shouldanuclearpowerstationbebuiltinSanmen?Thistopiccangivethestudentslotsofspacetotalkabout.3.AddingThisunitdoesn’tgiveagoodsampleforthestudentstowriteaboutascientist.Soitisalsoverydifficultforthestudentstodothewritingwell.Becauseofthis,weaddaresearchtasktothestudentsafterfinishingthereadingmaterialNoBoundaries.(Whatisscienceandwhatisthespiritofascientist?Doresearchonyourfavoritescientistandtrytofindoutwhatmakeshim/hersuccessful.ThestudentsareaskedtofinishthetaskbysurfingtheInternet.)Withthehelpofthefirstunittasktomakeupacolumnaboutscientistsandtheirquotes,it’spossibleforthestudentstowriteagoodarticleaboutafavoritescientist.Ⅳ.TeachingproceduresPeriod1&2:Warmingup,listening&speakingGoals:1.Toencouragethestudentstalkaboutthescienceandscientists2.Todevelopthestudents’abilityoflisteningforinformation3.Toenablethestudentstohaveabetterunderstandingoftheimportanceofscience.TeachingproceduresStep1.WarmingupTask1.ClassworkT:Nicetoseeyouagain.Imissyouverymuch.AndI’mgladtomeetsomenewstudentshere!Nicetomeetyou!T:Whatmakesyougettogetherhere/getapartwithyourformerclassmates?Someofuslearnarts/sciencewhileotherslearnscience/arts.Task2Classwork1.Whatareartssubjects?Whataresciencesubjects?ArtsHistoryScienceTask3.PairworkGeogrophyChineseWhydoyoulearnarts/science?PoliticsPhysicsI’mgood/poorat…MathsIprefer…to…I’minto…BecauseIlike/dislike...IwanttobeMyparentswantmeto…Mydreamis…Task4.IndividualworkWhatisyourdream?Whatwillyoudotomakeyourdreametrue?Step2.ListeningPre-listeningHavingheardyourdreams,Iamgladtoknowallofyouhavegreatmind.I’msureonedayyou’llbeegreatminds(greatmen/women).Beforewerealizeourdreams,weshouldlearnaboutsomegreatmindsfirstsothatwecanfollowthem,doyouthinkso?Task1.ClassworkWhatgreatscientistsdoyouknow?scientistsTask2.IndividualworkEnjoythevideo,listencarefullyandfindoutwhoarementionedinthevideo.(Copernicus,Galileo,KeplerandNewton.)Task3PairworkEnjoyoncemore.Whataretheyfamousfor?Task4IndividualworkListentothethreepassages,finishtheexercisesandtalkaboutthescientists.Enjoyavideoanddothelisteningprehensiononthescreen.Step3.SpeakingThankstothediscoveryofMadamCurieUranium(showtheslide)andtheequationofEinstein(slide),nuclearpowerstationcanbebuiltnowadays.ItisreportedanuclearpowerstationisbeingbuiltinSanmen.Someonesaysitisagoodthing,whileothersdon’tthinkso.(Showslidestohelpthestudentslearnmoreaboutthedisadvantagesandadvantagesofit.)Task1GroupworkDebating(ShouldanuclearpowerstationbebuiltinSanmen?)Thefollowingusefulexpressionmaygivethestudentshelp.That’scorrect.That’strue.Thereisnodoubtthat…It’sclearthat…Idoubtthat…It’shardtosay.What’syouridea?HaveyouthoughtWell,maybe,but…about…?Step4.Homework1.FinishofftheWBlistening.2.MakeupacolumnaboutscientistsandtheirquotesPeriod3&4:Pre-reading,reading&post-readingGoals:1.TogettoknowsomethingaboutthefamousscientistStephenHawking.2.TolearnthespiritofHawking3.TodevelopsomebasicskillsofreadingTeachingProceduresStep1.Pre-readingTask1:ClassworkDuringthelastperiod,wetalkedaboutalotofscientistsandtheirgreatachievements.Canyouuseoneadjectivetodescribescience?Doyouknowanydisabledscientist?Todaywearegoingtotalkaboutadisabledscientist.Task2.ClassworkEnjoythevideoandguesswhoheis.Doeshemovehislipswhilespeaking?Task3.IndividualworkListenandanswer:1).Howdoeshemakeaspeechwithoutmovinghislips?(throughaspeechputer)2)WhatisitthatHawkingdoesn’tlikeabouthisspeechputer?(ItgiveshimanAmericanaccent.)Step2.ReadingT:DoyouwanttoknowmoreaboutHawking?S:Yes.T:Whatdoyouwanttoknowabouthim?S:hisfamily,hisachievements…T:TurntoP3Task1:GroupworkSkimthetextandgiveonewordtoeachparagraph.dreamPara2diseasprobleemachievementsopinionsTask2:Individualwork1)Howwouldordinarypeoplefeelwhentheyweretoldthattheyhadanincurabledisease?2)WhatdidStephenHawkingdowhenhewastoldthathehadanincurabledisease?3)WhatisHawking’sdream?4)ReadPara3andPara4.Fillintheblanks.5.Whatarethestepsofthescientificmethod?6.Howdopeoplemisunderstandscience?7.WhatisHawking’sopinionaboutscience?Task3.GroupworkNowweknowthatinHawking’sopinioneventhebesttheorycanturnouttobewrong.1.SupposeHawking’stheoryofBlackHoleswasfoundwrongbyhimself,wouldheadmitit?Haveadiscussionandgiveyourreasons.2.Showthestudentsthefactwiththeslide.Task4.ClassworkHowdoyouunderstandthetitle“Noboundaries”?Suggestedanswers:Unansweredquestionshavenoboundaries.scienceinthinking.imagination.Therearenoboundariesbetweentruthandfalsehood(谬误)thehealthyandthedisabled.Step4.Homework:GroupworkresearchworkWhatisscienceandwhatisthespiritofascientist?Doresearchonyourfavoritescientistandtrytofindoutwhatmakeshim/hersuccessful.UsealibraryortheInternettofinishtheresearchwork.Period5WordStudy＆GrammarGoals:1.Togetthestudentstoreflectontheusefulwordsandphrasesinthisunit2.ToenablethestudentstohaveabetterknowledgeoftheusesoftheInfinitiveTeachingProcedures:Step1.Individualwork1.Askthestudentstotellthespiritsofdisabledpeopleandwhattheycanlearnfromthem.2.FinishtheexercisesintheSBPage5Suggestedanswers:1.(A)这对夫妇花光了所有的钱去找他们六个月前失踪的五岁儿子.2.(C)大家很容易看出她不高兴3.(B)牛顿自言自语他发现了万有引力定律4.(A)科学家预言在未来的十年内果不采取措施解决这个问题，我们将会毁灭我们的星球5.(B)哈利观察这个物体的运动已有多年了6.(A)警察发现这个人的指纹和在犯罪现场提取的不一样后Step2Classwork.:“为什么苹果会落到地上.,而不会飘向空中.76年回来一次,就放他走了?”。后来，.他们告诫人们如,环境污染会更加严重,并且预测它每..A.(Lookatthesentencesonthescreen.AsktheSstotellthefunctionoftheunderlinedpartineachsentence.)1.We’resurprisedtohearthenews.(Adverbial)2.Wehavetogetupearlytocatchthefirsttrain.(Adverbial)3.Heisconsideredtobeagreatscientist.(Object)4.Toseeistobelieve.(Subject,Predictive)5.Ihavealotofwordstosay.(Attribute)6.It’simpossibleforhimtogotherealone.(Subject)7.Shepromisedtomakenomistakesatall.(Object)8.Ifinditdifficulttounderstandhim.(Object)B.SummarizetheformoftheInfinitive:不定式的简单式由to+动词原形构成,其动作与主要动词同时发生或者发生在主要动词之后不定式的进行式由试的动作正在进行中不定式的完成式由的动作之前.tobe+现在分词构成tohave+过去分词构成,表示在主要动词的动作发生时,不定.,表示不定式的动作发生在主要动词.ShowthevideooftheexplanationoftheusesoftheInfinitivetothestudents.HelptheSsmastertheInfinitivebetter.Step3ClassworkExercises高考回顾:1.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier________itmoredifficult.(MET99)BB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake2.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat______inmynewA.notmakejob.(METxx)BA.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects3.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouplesbutitremains______whethertheywillenjoyit.(METxx)BA.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen4.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstputer.(MET1993)CA.toinventC.tohaveinventedB.inventingD.havinginvented5.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_______tocarryallthewayhome.(METxx)AA.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.(MET95)AA.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto7.LittleJimshouldlove_____tothetheatrethisevening.(MET92)AA.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking8.Therearefivepairs___,butI'matalosswhichtobuy.(xx上海高考)BA.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing9.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(xx年北京春季高考)AA.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep10.Withalotofdifficultproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(xx年上海春季高考)CA.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled11.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole___inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.(xx上海春季高考)BA.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying12.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystaterunpaniesaretrying___theirproductsmorepetitive.(xx上海春季高考)AA.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmad13.Theteacheraskedus___somuchnoise.(xx北京春季高考)DA.don'tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake14.I'veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.(xx年高考)BA.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsStep4IndividualworkDoEx.3Page6Suggestedanswers1.Isthereanythingtoeat?2.Ineedapentowritewith.3.Doyouhaveanythingtoadd?4.Heislookingforaboxtoputthetworabbitsin.5.Itwouldbeafortablehousetolivein.Step5HomeworkFinishofftheexercisesinWB.PreviewMakingaDifferencePeriod6Integratingskills&writingGoals:1.Torevisethelanguagepointsandgrammar-theInfinitiveinthisunit.2.Tolearnmoreaboutthecharacteristicsofscientists3.Towriteaparagraphaboutascientist.TeachingProcedures:T:yesterdaywelearnedthegrammar-theInfinitive.WeknowthattheinfinitivecanbeusedastheSubject,Object,Adverbialandsoon