宾语从句 优秀公开课

2022年智卓教育特别策划专题14宾语从句【中考指导●难点突破】◆中考指导由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子是复合句。主句和从句都有完整的主谓结构，但主句是全句的主体，决定了句子的标点符号；从句只是主句的一个成分，不能独立使用，也不影响句子的标点符号。根据从句在主句的不同作用，从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句等。河南中考要求掌握宾语从句和状语从句的用法。当一个从句作了动词或介词的宾语时，该从句就是宾语从句。宾语从句要有一个连接词来引导。宾语从句是河南中考每年必考的知识点之一，河南中考试题往往从以下几个方面来检测考生对宾语从句的掌握情况：1.语序2.连词3.时态◆难点突破1.宾语从句的类型1）由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句，连接词用that,在句中可以省去。Heisastudent.Idon’tknow(that)heisastudent.注：当主句的谓语动词是think,suppose时，如果宾语从句要表示否定意思，要通过否定主句的谓语来实现，即：否定转移。如：Idon'tthinkhewillcome.我认为他不会来。2）由一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，要用连接词whether或if，连接词不能省。Willhecomehere?I'mnotsureif(whether)hewillcomehere.注：whether,if引导宾语从句时的区别：=1\*GB2⑴介词后的宾语从句用whether。I'mnotinterestedinwhetherthesingerwillcometomorrow.=2\*GB2⑵宾语从句中有ornot时，只能用whether。Theteacherwantstoknowwhetherwedidourhomeworkornot.Doyouknowwhetheritisgoingtorainornottomorrow.(3)whether引导的宾语从句有时可以转化为“whether＋todo”结构，如：Idon'tknowwhetherIwillleavethisschoolnextterm.Idon'tknowwhethertoleavethisschoolnextterm.3）由特殊疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，要用特殊疑问词作为句子的连接词，连接词不能省。Whenareyougoingtoleave?Idon’tknowwhenyouaregoingtoleave.2.宾语从句的几个应注意的问题1）宾语从句跟所有的从句一样，必须用陈述结构（见陈述句）Doyouknowwhenhisfatherwillcome?注：当特殊疑问词对主语或主语的定语提问时，疑问语序同陈述语序。在变宾语从句时语序不发生变化。Whoisondutytoday?Doyouknowwhoisondutytoday?Howmanystudentshavecome?Didyouknowhowmanystudentshavecome?2）宾语从句的代词根据语境要和主句的人称照应“Areyouastudent?“Sheaskedme.SheaskedmeifIwasastudent.3）宾语从句的时态要跟主句的时态照应Ihavebeentheretwice.Tomsaidhehadbeentheretwice.注：=1\*GB2⑴当宾语从句是一个科学真理时，从句不随主句的时态而变化，如：Theteachertoldustheearthgoesaroundthesun.Thescientistsaidlighttravelsfasterthansound.(光传播的速度比声音快)。=2\*GB2⑵couldyoudo...?是一个委婉的语气词，不表示过去，后边的时态不要求时态的照应。Couldyoutellmewhoiscoming?(could是一个委婉语气)4）由疑问句转化而来的宾语从句主句的谓语动词多是表示对从句内容不确定的动词，如：ask,wanttoknow,wonder,notsure等,遇到词类动词后边的连词是不能用that的，如：Iwanttoknow__________heisastudent.A.thatB.whetherC.whatwanttoknow是一个表达不确定概念的谓语动词，后不能跟that从句，排除A选项。【考题透析●命题展望】例1：ProfessorNelsonwantedtoknow________.A.whenwouldtheconferencebeginB.whentheconferencewouldbeginC.whenwilltheconferencebeginD.Whentheconferencewillbegin解析：本题综合考查宾语从句的语序和时态照应问题，主句的谓语动词ask为过去时，从句用过去的某一时态。答案：B命题规律：此类试题考查学生是否掌握了宾语从句的句子语序。例2：Canyoutellme_________________?A.whatisthematterwithhimB.whoareyoulookingforC.whatisyournameD.Howmanystudentsarethereinyourschool解析：当连接代词或连接副词作主语或主语的定语时，疑问语序同陈述语序，Whatisthematter中的what作主语。答案：A命题规律：此类试题考查学生是否掌握了宾语从句中的what做主语时的语序。【专题闯关●新题预测】1.Idon’tfeelverywell.Mumaskedme____________thismorning.A.whatthematterisB.whatiswrongC.whatwasthematterD.whatwrongwas2.—Doyouknow___________?—Onlytenmonthsold.A.whendoesTigerWoodsstartgolfingB.whendidTigerWoodsstartgolfingC.whenTigerWoodsstartsgolfingD.whenTigerWoodsstartedgolfing3.Didyouhear____________?A.whatdidIsayB.whatIsaidC.IsaidwhatD.whatIsay4.Canyousee__________?A.whathe'sreadingB.whatishereadingC.whatdoeshereadD.hereadswhat5.You'can'timagine__________whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited6.Wouldyoupleasetellme_________next,Mr.Wang?A.whatshouldwedoB.weshoulddowhatC.whatweshoulddoD.shouldwedowhat7.Idon’tknowifhe_________?Hewillcomeifit__________.A.comes;won’trainB.willcome;doesn’trainC.comes;doesn’trainD.willcome;won’train8.Doesanybodyknowif_______toShenzheninthemorningnextSaturday?A.isthereaflightB.thereisaflightC.therewasaflightD.wasthereaflight9.Mr.fathertoldmethatthesun___________intheeast.A.risesB.roseC.hasrisenD.wasrising10.--Doyouknow___________?--Theymovedheresoonaftertheirsonwasborn.A.whenwouldtheGreensmovehereB.whentheGreensmovedhereC.theGreenswouldmovehereD.whentheGreenswouldmovehere.wondered___________histravelpath____________.A.that,wouldlikeB.what,bewouldlikeC.what,wouldbelikeD.that,bewouldlikewondered___________.A.howmuchhecostthecomputerB.howmuchhepaidforthecomputerC.howmuchthecomputerwillcosthimD.howmuchdidhespendonthecomputer13.—Idon'tknow_________.Couldyoushowmetheway?—Certainly.A.wherethepostofficeisB.whereisthepostofficeC.whereIcangettothepostofficeD.howcanIgettothepostoffice14.—Doyouknow____________?—Yes,Ido.Shecamehereonfoot.A.whereKatecamefromB.howKatecamehereC.whenKatecomeshereD.whyKatedidn’tcomeheredon’tknow_____________.A.whatthepopulationofNanningisB.whatisthepopulationofNanningC.howmuchthepopulationinNanningisD.howmuchisthepopulationinNanning16..—Canyoumakesure________?—Sorry,Ican’t.ButIdidseeherjustnow.A.wheredidshegoB.whereshehadgoneC.whereshehasgoneD.wherewillshego17.“Excuseme,doyouknow________？”“Sorry,Idon’tknow.”A.WhereisMiddleschoolB.WhereMiddleSchoolisMiddleSchooliswhereMiddleSchoolwh