人教版英语必修课本答案

3f吟/英语

教材练习答案及听力原文

Unit1heredityandinheritedcharacteristics.He

WARMINGUPconcentratedoncross-fertilisingpea

^Answers:plantsandanalyzingtheresults.Between

1Archimedes,AncientGreek(287-212BC)1856-1863hegrew28,000peaplants.He

Hewasamathematician.Hefoundthatifexaminedsevenkindsofseedandplant

youputanobjectintowaterthewatercharacteristicsanddevelopedsomelaws

pushestheobjectup.Itrisesandpartlyofinheritance.Thefirstisthatinheritance

floats.Theforceofthewaterpushingitfactorsdonotcombinebutarepassedto

upisthesameastheweightoftheobject.thenextgenerationintact.Second,he

2CharlesDarwin,British(1808-1882)Thefoundthateachpartnergiveshalfthe

OriginofSpecieswaspublishedin1859.inheritedfactorstotheyoung.Third,

Itexplainedhowplantsandanimalshadsomeofthesefactorsshowupinthe

changedovertimetofitinwithaoffspring(andsoaredominant).Theother

changingenvironment.Atthetimeitwasfactorsaremaskedbythedominantones

publisheditwasverycontroversial.Many(andsoarerecessive).

peoplebelievedtheBiblewhenitsaid5MarieCurie,PolishandFrench

thatGodmadethefirsttwopeople(Adam(1867-1934)ShewasborninPolandand

andEve)andthatallotherpeoplecamecametostudyinFrancein1891andshe

fromthesetwo.Darwin'sbookshowedlivedtherefortherestofherlife.In1898

thatpeoplehaddevelopedfromapesshediscoveredradium.Shereceivedtwo

instead.SothiscausedalotofargumentNobelprizes,one(withPierreCurie)for

betweenreligiousandscientificpeople.physics(1903)andoneforchemistry

HoweverDarwin'sideabecamevery(1911).Sheistheonlypersontohave

influentialandisstillacceptedtoday.beensohonoured.Onthedeathofher

3ThomasNewcomen,British(1663-1729)husbandshetookoverhisjobatthe

HeimprovedthefirststeampumpbuiltSorbonneinParis.Herworkon

byThomasSaveryin1698andturneditradioactivityandthediscoveryofradium

intoasteamenginefortakingwateroutofmeantthatshebegananewscientificarea

minesin1712.JamesWattimproveditofresearch.Shewasthefirstwomanto

stillfurtherinthe1770sturningitintothereceiveaNobelPrizeandthefirstwoman

firstmodemsteamengineusedonthetoteachattheSorbonne.

railways.6ThomasEdison,American(1847-1931)

4GregorMendel,Czech(1822-1884)HeHewasalreadyaninventorofother

grewpeaplantsanddevelopedideasonelectricaldevices(phonograph,electric

A教M练习笞案及听力原文

lightbulb)whenin1882hedesignedaoutmatteraswell.Thismaymarkthe

systemforprovidingNewYorkwithbeginningofnewgalaxies.Thisisan

electricityfromacentralpowerstation.advanceontheoldtheorywhichsaidthat

Thiswasatremendousachievement,blackholes"eal"everythingtheycome

whichhadpreviouslybeenthoughtacross.

impossible.COMPREHENDING

7LeonardodaVinci,Italian(1452-1519)bAnswerkeyforExercise1:

Hewasafamousartistwhoseskillfor1AnoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin

showinghumanskintonesmadehis1854.

paintingsseemtocomealive.Heusedto2JohnSnowbegantotesttwotheories.

studydeadpeopleinordertomakehis3JohnSnowinvestigatedtwostreetswhere

paintingsasaccurateaspossibile.Sometheoutbreakwasverysevere.

ofhisfamouspaintingsinclude"The4JohnSnowmarkedthedeathsonamap.

AdorationoftheMagi"andthe“TheLast5Hefoundthatmostofthedeathswerenear

Supper”.Laterinhislifehelivedinawaterpump.

Francewherehedesignedasubmarine6Hehadthehandleremovedfromthewater

andaflyingmachine.pump.

8SirHumphryDavy,British(1778-1829)7Heannouncedthatthewatercairiedthe

Hedidresearchintodifferentgasesanddisease.

discoveredthemedicinalvalueofnitrous8KingCholerawasdefeated.

oxide(orlaughinggas)asananaesthetic.^AnswerkeyforExercise2:

In1815hedevelopedasafetylampfor1JohnSnowfinallyprovedhisideabecause

miners.Previouslytherehadbeenmanyhefoundanoutbreakthatwasclearly

accidentswhencandlesontheminers'relatedtocholera,collectedinformation

helmetshadexplodedwhenitcameintoandwasabletotiecasesoutsidethearea

contactwithundergroundgasfromthetothepollutedwater.

coaltheminersweredigging.Thesafety2No.ThemaphelpedJohnSnoworganize

helmetmadeworkingundergroundveryhisideas.Hewasabletoidentifythose

muchsafer.householdsthathadhadmanydeathsand

9ZhangHeng,Chinese(78-139)Hechecktheirwater-drinkinghabits.He

inventedthefirstseismographtoindicateidentifiedthosehousesthathadhadno

inthedirectionofanearthquake.Itwasindeathsandsurveyedtheirdrinkinghabits.

theshapeofacylinderwitheightdragonTheevidenceclearlypointedtothe

headsroundthetop,eachwithaballinitspollutedwaterbeingthecause.

mouth.Aroundthebottomwereeight3Threediseases,whicharesimilartoday,

frogsdirectlyunderadragon'shead.areSARS,AIDSandbirdflu,because

Whenanearthquakeoccurred,aballfelltheyareserious,haveanunknowncause

outofthedragon'smouth,makingaandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem.

noise."SamplesummaryforExercise3:

10StephenHawking,British(1942-)HeJohnSnowwantedtofindthecauseof

hasworkedinastronomyandstudiedcholera.Hebelievedthatpeoplebecameill

blackholesinspace.Hehasshownthataftereatinginfectedfood.Heusedthenext

blackholesdonotonlyabsorbeverythingoutbreakofcholeratotesthisidea.He

aroundthembut,fromtimetotime,throwstudiedasmallareaofhouseswhichgot

・2•

■/par咽/英语

theirwaterfromthesamepump.Manycoursebuttherearejusttoomanypeople

peopleintheareadied.JohnSnowshowedalreadyattendingit.

thatthiswasbecausethewaterinthepumpDiscoveringusefulstructures

wasinfected.Heshowedthatcholeracould▼SomepossibleanswersforExercise1:

bedefeatedifpeopledrankcleanwater.1...whenhethoughtabouthelpingordinary

LEARNINGABOUTLANGUAGEpeopleexposedtocholera.(attribute)

Discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions2Heimmediatelytoldtheastonishedpeople

^SuggestedanswerstoExercise1:inBroadStreettoremovethehandlefrom

1victim2physician3analysethepump.(attribute)

4defeat5challenge6enquiry3Hebecameinterestedintwotheories.(pre-

7pump8blame9absorbdicative)

10link...to4Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunder：

▼AnswerkeyforExercise2:stood.(predicative)

1severe2suspected3exposedbAnswerkeyforExercise2:

4experts5cure6foresawPastParticipleasPastParticipleas

7concluded8announced9attendedtheAttribute(1)theAttribute(2)

"AnswerkeyforExercise3:

makeasuggestionmakeadecision1terrifiedpeople1peopleterrifiedof

makeaplanmakeacontribution(cholera)

makeaspeechmakeanoise2reservedseats2seatsreservedby...

makeachangemakeadescription3pollutedwater3waterpollutedby...

makeaninvestigation4acrowdedroom4aroomcrowded

bSomcpossibleexamplesforExercise4:with...

1Theteacheraskedusnottomakefacesin5apleasedwinner5awinnerpleased

class.with...

2Itriedtomakefriendswithmyneighbour6astonishedchildren6childrenastonished

buthewastoooldanddidnotwanttoat/by...

talktome.7abrokenvase7avasebrokenby...

3Thebestwaytomakemoneyistostudy8acloseddoor8adoorclosedby...

hardandgaingoodqualifications.

9thetiredaudience9theaudiencetired

4Ididn'tlikethemtocollectmeintheircar

of...

soImademywaytotherestauranton

10atrappedanimal10ananimaltrapped

footbymyself.

in/by...

5Tmtootiredtomakedinner,soIdecideto

eatout.

"AnswerkeyforExercise3:

6Beforeyoupayforthatnewcarmakesure

1blamed/upset2tired

ithasaguarantee,whichwillprotectyou

3disappointed4shocked/depressed

againstanyproblemsduringthefirstyear.

5excited6infected

7Don'tmakeupyouemindaboutbuying

USINGLANGUAGE

thathousetillyouhaveseenafewmore.

LISTENINGTEXT

8Whenyouleaveyourflatinthemorning,

AGREATCHINESESCIENTIST

itlookstidierifyoumakethebedbefore

FatheroftheChinesespaceprogramme

yougo.

YuPing(YP)istalkingtoherfriendSteve

9Ihavetriedtomakeroomforheronthat

Smith(SS)aboutQianXuesenandhiswork

A教材练力笞案及听力原文

asarocketscientist.Studentswillgivetheirownanswers.

Part1^AnswerkeyforExercise2:

YP:WhatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowMainIdea:ItisabouttheroleofQian

up,Steve?Xueseninthedevelopmentofspace

SS:IwanttobeanastronomerandvisitstechnologyinChina.

stars.IwishtovisitMarsoneday."AnswerkeyforExercise3:

YP:IthinkI'dliketoworkinthespace1QianXuesenfirststudiedtobean

industrytoo.I'dliketobearocketengineer.

scientistlikeQianXuesen.2InAmericahebegantoworkonspace

SS:Whatdidhehavetodotobecomearocketssothathewasabletodevelopa

rocketscientist?spaceprogrammewhenhecamebackto

YP:Well,hefirststudiedatuniversitytobeChina.

anengineer.LaterhewenttoAmericato3WhenQianXuesenreturnedtoChinahe

studyforhisdoctor'sdegree.Itwasthensetupaspaceinstitutetobegintraining

hebegantoworkonrockets.peopleinhowtodesignandbuildrockets.

SS:Soitwasluckyforourspaceprogramme"AnswerkeyforExercise4:

thathecamebacktoChina.China'sachievement-SteveSmith'sambi­

YP:Verymuchso.Therewasnoworkonsinspacetions

spacerocketsinChinabeforehebegan

hisinstitutetodesignandbuildrockets1Chineseastronauts1becomearocket

togointospace.inspacescientist

Part22Chinesesatellitesin2bethefirsttoland

SS:DoyouthinkhewantedtotravelintospaceonMarsandputQian

spaceinoneofhisrockets?Xuesen\picturethere

YP:IhavenoideabutIbelievehelookedbAnswerkeyforExercise3:

forwardtothefirstspaceflightbyaStudentsgivetheirownanswers.

Chineseastronaut.Studentscanshowthattheyunderstandwhat

SS:Yes.NowthatChinahassentsatellitesisinvolvedbymakingarealisticdialogueof

intospace.Ihopewe'Hbethefirsttotheirown.

landonMars.ThatwouldreallybeSampleconversation:

somethingspecialandifIwerethatMIKE:Whatdoyouwanttodowhenyou

astronautIwouldputQianXuesen'sgrowup?

pictureonMarstoshowhowmuchweLIRU:Iwanttobuildrobots.Iwillhaveto

admirehiswork.doaphysicsandmathematicsdegree

YP:Indeed.HeisrightfullycalledthefatherinChina.AfterthatIhopetogo

oftheChinesespaceprogramme.HeisabroadtoReadingUniversityin

myheroandheiswhyIwanttobeaEnglandwhereyoucanstudyall

rocketscientist.aboutrobots.Thereisaspecial

SS:Well,we'dbettergetonwithourcyberneticsdepartmentthere.

homework.WeneedgoodgradestogetMIKE:Whatpersonalitywillbeneededfor

intouniversity.thatjob?

YP:Rightyouare.Seeyou,then.LIRU:IthinkIneedtobepatientformy

SS:Seeyou.ideaswhichwilltakealongtimeto

bAnswerkeyforExercise1:develop.Ialsoneedtobecreative

・4•

JpanCf/英语

enoughtohavegoodideas.SoIhopeyouwillfeelyoucanpublish

MIKE:Whatexperiencewillbemostusefulyournewtheory.

toyou?Yourssincerely,

LIRU:Ithinktechnologyandengineering(yourname)

projects.Ihopetoworkinafactory

inmyholidays.Unit2

MIKE:WhatkindofpersonmakesagoodWARMINGUP

inventor?0•Answers:

LIRU:Ithinksomeonewhoishappyto1C2B(directflight)3B4A5B

persevereatsomethingandlearnsQuestion1:TheUnitedKingdomconsists

fromhismistakes.ofEngland,Wales,ScotlandandNorthern

MIKE:Thankyou.IthinkdesigningrobotsIreland.Moreaboutthisappearsinthefirst

soundsfun.readingpassage.

ReadingandwritingQuestion2:Ittakestenhourstoflyfrom

bAnswerkeyforExercise1:BeijingtoLondonHeathrowAirportifyou

BeforeShowingtakeadirectflight.

Copernicus9theoryCopernicus'theoryQuestion3:Itmayappeartoanoutsider

AdiagramshowingAdiagramshowingthattheQueenhasanimportantrolein

thesolarsystemwiththesolarsystemwithrulingthecountry.However,thisisnotso.

theearthatitscentrethesunatitscentreHerpositionisceremonial:opening

"AnswerkeyforExercise2:Parliament,welcomingHeadsfromother

Studentsgivetheirownanswers.countries,goingontourstoothercountries

Samplewriting:toencouragetradewithBritain,etc.The

DearNicolausCopernicus,PrimeMinistertogetherwithhismost

Iamastudentstudyingastronomyandimportantministers(calledtheCabinet)and

IwouldverymuchliketoreadyournewhisMembersofParliament(eachfroma

theoryaboutthesolarsystem.Ihopeyoudifferentpartofthecountry)makethe

willpublishitforseveralreasons.importantpoliticaldecisionsandthelaws.

IunderstandtheproblemswiththeQuestion4:ThecountiesofBritainare

presenttheory.ThewaytheplanetsmoveismuchsmallerthanprovincesinChina.They

notwhatyouwouldexpectiftheearthwashavelocalgovernmentpowersfortheirarea.

thecentreoftheuniverse.ItisalsooddthatCountieshaveseveralMembersof

thebrightnessofsomestarsseemstochange.Parliamentdependingonthesizeoftheir

SoIagreewithyouthatweneedanewpopulation.LargetownssuchasReading

theory.havetwoMPsandthelargestcityin

IknowyourobservationshavebeenEnglandoutsideLondon,whichisBirming­

verycarefullycarriedoutovermanyyears.ham,hastenMPs.

NowyoumusthavethecouragetopublishQuestion5:TheRiversThamesandSevern

them.SciencecanneveradvanceunlessareverysimilarinlengthbuttheRiver

peoplehavethecourageoftheirbeliefs.IThamesisslightlylonger.TheRiverThames

knowyouworryaboutwhatwillhappenifis338kmandtheRiverSevernis290km.

youpublishyournewtheory.NomatterhowTheRiverAvonismuchshorter.

peopleopposeit,timewillshowwhetherCOMPREHENDING

yourideasarerightorwrong.bAnswerkeyforExercise1:

A教材练力笞案及听力原文

1England,WalesandScotland5constructing6Kingdom

2EnglandandWales7administration8accomplish

3England,Wales,ScotlandandNorthern9enjoyable

Ireland。SuggestedanswerstoExercise2:

4RepublicofSouthernIreland1currency2TheUnionJack

5England/GreatBritain/theUK3United;consistof

"AnswerkeyforExercise2:4brokeaway5institutions

1ThecountryleftoutisWales.Itisusually6conflicts7provinces

assumedtobepartofEngland.bAnswerkeyforExercise3:

2England,ScotlandandWales.1asked2whispered3screamed

3TheVikingsdidnotinfluenceLondon.4begged5agreed6answered

bAnswerkeyforExercise3:7shouted8complained9suggested

North:Leeds,York,Sheffield,ManchesterDiscoveringusefulstructures

Midlands:Coventry,BirminghambAnswerkeyforExercise1:

South:Reading,London,Brighton,1...toformtheUnitedKingdombygetting

PlymouthIrelandconnectedinthesamepeaceful

0*AnswerkeyforExercise4:way.

Para1,2&3:whatEnglandincludes;about2Youfindmostofthepopulationsettledin

GreatBritain;theUK.thesouth,...

Para4:thegeographicaldivisionofEngland3IthastheoldestportbuiltbytheRomans...

intozones;theirsimilaritiesand"SuggestedanswerstoExercise2:

differences.1havegotthehousemended

Para5&6:theculturalimportanceof2Haveyouhadyourhaircut?

London.3havethedictionarydelivered

Possiblesummary:Thewriterexamines4haven'thadthefilmdeveloped

howtheUKdevelopedasanadministrative6founditclosed

unit.ItshowshowEnglandisalsodivided6getitrepaired

intothreezones.ItexplainswhyLondon7gotalltheirmoneystolen

becametheculturalcapitalofEngland.8haveitdivided

LEARNINGABOUTLANGUAGE9hadsomeofhispointsclarified

Discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions10had/gotsomeflowerssent;hadit

bAnswerkeyforExercise1:announced;haditorganized

1unwilling2countrysidebAnswerkeyforExercise3:

3conveniences4clarifyAnswerswillvary.

USINGLANGUAGE

Reading

"Suggestedanswers:

,6•

JiandM/英语

Day1CommentsDay2Day3

1Towerof1delight,fancyGreenwichwith1KarlMarx'sstatue

London2splendidandinterestingships"strangehelivedanddied

2StPaul's3interesting,fullofstatuesof2clock(GMT)inLondon^^

Cathedralpoetsandwriters3longitudeline2BritishMuseum

3Westminster4famousandveryloud"thrilledtoseeChinese

Abbeypottery”

4BigBen

ListeningG:Yes,butit'sonlyastory!

LISTENINGTEXTPart2

CANAROYALPALACEALSOBEAZP:WhoelsecametotheTowerasa

PRISON?prisoner?

ZhangPingyu(ZP)istryingtofindoutmoreG:Afuturequeen.Inthe1550sQueenMary

aboutthehistoryoftheTowerofLondonsenthersister,PrincessElizabeth,tothe

fromaguide(G).Towerasaprisoner.

Part1ZP:Strange!Whydidshedothat?

G:TheTowerwasthehomeoftheKingbutG:ShethoughtElizabethwasatraitor.So

alsoaprison.ManyimportantpeopleshesentElizabeththroughaspecialgate

werekeptthere.called“Traitors'Gate”.Thatonlyhappen­

ZP:Ibegyourpardon?Canyouspeakmoreedtoverybadpeople.

slowly,please?ZP:I'msorryIdon'tunderstand.Howdid

G:Ofcourse.Haveyouheardof"TheElizabethbecomeQueenifshewasa

PrincesintheTower”?prisoner?

ZP:No,I'mafraidnot.G:Easy.Herbrotherandsisterbothdied

G:Thesetwoprinceswerebrothers,calledwithoutchildrensoElizabethbecame

EdwardandRichardandtheylivedsixQueenElizabethI.Shetriednottobe

hundredyearsago.TheycametoLondon,unfairtootherswhenshewasqueen.

fortheolderboytobecomeEdwardV,ZP:I'mgladtohearthat.

afterhisfather,KingEdwardIV,died.bAnswerkeyforExercise1:

ZP:Isee.Howoldwashe?1ElizabethlaterQueenElizabethI.

G:Hewasonlythirteenyearsold.Hiscruel2KingHenryVIH.

uncle,alsocalledRichard,wassupposed3RichardIII.

tolookafterthemboth,butinsteadhehad4EdwardVandRichard.

themkilledwhiletheywereasleep.bAnswerkeyforExercise2:

ZP:Whatdoyoumean?HekilledthemTicksforbrothersEdwardVandRichard

himself?(sonsofKingEdwardIV);KingEdwardN;

G:No.HesenthismentokillthembecauseRichard(laterKingRichardIII);Queen

hewantedtobecomeKingRichardIII.Mary;Elizabeth(laterQueenElizabethI);

ThereisastorythatonadarknightyoubAnswerkeyforExercise3:

cansometimeshearthoseprincescrying.1PrinceEdward(laterEdwardV)wasone

ZP:Youcanhearthemcrying?Really?IoftheprincesmurderedintheTower.We

thoughtyousaidtheywerekilledmanyknowbecause:

yearsago.•bothwereprinces

A教M练习笞案及听力原文

•bothwereyoungboysSkPleasecanyouspeakmoreslowly?I'm

•theirunclewasRichardwholaterbecameafraidIcan'tfollowyou.

KingRichardIII.S2:Fmsorry.I'llspeakmoreslowly.Thisis

2KingRichardIIIkilledtheprincestheHallwheretheEmperormadehis

becausehewantedtobecomeking.sacrificestotheGods.Youmaynotgoin

bAnswerkeyforExercise4:butjustlookthroughthedoor.

came,future,Mary,Princess,Tower,Strange,Sl:Whatdidyoumeanbymakingsacrifices?

thought,through.Traitors',happenedS2:Hekilledmanyanimalsaftermaking

Speakingandwritingprayers.Hewasalsodressedinspecial

Sampledialogue:clothes.

S1:Excuseme.Areyouaguide?S1:Ibegyourpardon?Specialclothes!I

S2:Yes,Iam.Can1helpyou?thoughthisclotheswerealwaysspecial!

Sl:CanIaskyouaquestionabouttheWhatwerethey?

TempleofHeaven?S2:Theywereclotheskeptjustforthis

S2:Ofcourse.Whatdoyouwanttoknow?occasion.Hechangedinaspecialyellow

S1:What'sthisTemplefor?roomandcameouttogotopraytothe

S2:TheEmperorcametoprayforgoodGods.

cropsandagoodharvestforthecountry.S1:1see.Whendidthisstop?

HemadeofferingstotheGodandaskedS2:WhentheEmperorsstoppedrulingChina.

himforhelp.S1:Thankyou.Youhavebeenmosthelpful.

Unit3

WARMINGUP

bSuggestedanswers:

PresenttimeInOneThousandYear'sTime

Airplanes;cars;Nolongerbyairbecauseofenvironmentalpollution;

Transport

bicyclesbicyclesandhorseswillmakeacomeback.

Office;factory;Athomeusingadvanced,interactivecomputers;meetings

Workconstruction;canbeconductedonthecomputerandpeoplewillseeeach

landscape;serviceotherspeak.

FinanceandBanks;offices;Oneglobalcurrency—maybetheyuanasChinawillbethe

currencyinsurance;businesslargestglobalexporter

English;Russian;Onegloballanguage-perhapsChineseorstillEnglish

Languages

Chinese

Verypoor;needtorecycleallw