情态动词 优秀公开课

情态动词（一）情态动词的定义

情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。（二）情态动词的特点1.情态动词有一定的词义。2.情态动词不能单独做谓语，它必须和其他动词的原形一起构成谓语。3.情态动词没有人称，数的变化。（三）情态动词的结构和意义1.情态动词的基本句型肯定句：主语+情态动词+动词原形+......否定句：主语+情态动词+not+动词原形+......疑问句：情态动词+主语+动词原形+......2.情态动词的意义must“必须”；can/could“能，会”；may/might“可以”；should“应该”；would“愿，要”；haveto“不得不”；need“需要”（四）情态动词的基本用法(could主要指过去时间)表示人或物本身所具有的能力，意为“能，能够，会”:Twoeyescanseemorethanone.

两只眼比一只眼看得清。表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）Hecan’t(couldn’t)haveenoughmoneyforanewcar.

他不可能有足够的钱买新车。表示允许：CanIhavealookatyournewpen?

我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？Heaskedwhetherhecouldtakethebookoutofthereading-room.他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。表示对现在动作或状态的猜测，主要用于否定句和疑问句中或感叹句中:Hecan’t(couldn’t)beoversixty.

他不可能超过六十岁。could表示比can更委婉客气的提出问题或陈述看法，指的是现在时间。Can(Could)youlendmeahand?

帮我一把好吗？2.may(might)1）表允许，询问或说明一件事可不可以做，might指过去时间；但在疑问句中might也可指现在时间，语气比may更委婉。May(Might)Iaskforaphotoofyourbaby?

我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？在回答以may引起的问句时，肯定回答是一般可仍用may,或Yes,please./Certainly./Sure./Ofcourse.；否定回答根据说话人的语气由强到弱分别选用mustnot(mustn’t)（禁止）/hadbetternot（最好别）/maynot（不行）2)may表可能,但所表示的可能性不如can所表示的那样肯定。might可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。Hemaybeathome.

他可能在家。Theymightbehavingameeting,butI’mnotsure.

他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。3.must（haveto表示客观需要）1）表示“必须”（主观看法）时，用于肯定句或疑问句；用于否定句时表示“禁止”。Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep.

我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。2）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。Hemustbeill.Helookssopale.

他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。3)must的疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t或don’thaveto。4.should1）表责任或义务，意为“应该”，用于各种人称。Youshouldbepolitetoyourteachers.

你对老师应该有礼貌。2）表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。Thefilmshouldbeverygoodasitisstarringfirst-classactors.

这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。1）表意愿,用于各种人称。Iwilldoanythingforyou.

我愿为你做任何事。2)will在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求Willyouclosethewindow?

请你把窗户关上好吗？1）will的过去式，表示过去时间的“意志、意愿”。Theywouldnotlethiminbecausehewaspoorlydressed.

他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。IsaidIwoulddoanythingforyou.

我说过我愿意为你做任何事。2）would用于现在时间，表示比较委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。Wouldyoulikeanotherglassofbeer?

再来杯啤酒好吗？1)need作为情态动词，主要用于否定句，疑问句；作为实义动词可用于肯定句，否定句或疑问句中。Youneedn’ttelephonehimnow.

你现在不必打电话给他。2)回答由need引起的问句时，肯定回答一般用must，否定回答是用needn’t--NeedIcome?

--Yes,youmust.

--我需要来吗？

--需要。情态动词练习题(一)单项选择1."__________Itakeitout?"

"I'msorry,you__________."

A.Could...couldn't

B.Might...mightnot

C.Could...can

D.May...can't2.Youwerestupidtoclimbthetree.You__________hurtyourself.

A.may

B.might

C.will

D.mighthave3.You__________thoseletters.Whydidn'tyou?

A.shouldpost

B.shouldhaveposted

C.musthaveposted

D.wouldpost.4.Allthelightsareon,theSmiths__________up.

A.mustget

B.isgetting

C.mustbegetting

D.wouldget5.He__________leadahorsetothewaterbuthe__________notmakeitdrink.

A.will...can

B.may...can

C.may...dares

D.dare...can6."Needwedothisjobnow?"

"Yes,__________."

A.youneed

B.youshould

C.youmust

D.youcan7.__________tohavelunchwithustoday?

A.Doyoulikes

B.Wouldyoulike

C.Willyouliked

D.Haveyouliked8.Hesaidthatyou__________watchTValltheeveningifyouwished.

A.may

B.must

C.can

D.might9.-IsJohncomingbytrain?

--Heshould,buthe__________not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.

A.must

B.can

C.need

D.may10.Peter__________comewithustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.

A.must

B.can

C.may

D.will11.Michael__________beapoliceman,forhe'smuchtooshort.

A.needn't

B.can't

C.shouldn't

D.won't12.Ithoughtyou__________behungry,soIhavebroughtyousomecakes.

A.may

B.might

C.can

D.could13.Comeon!We__________hurrybecausethereisn'tmuchtimeleft.

A.may

B.must

C.can

D.need14.AmydidbestintheEnglishtest.She__________hardlastweek.

A.musthaveworking

B.shouldhaveworked

C.shouldwork

D.mustwork15.---IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.

---Oh,didyou?You

__________withBarbara.

A.couldhavestayed

B.couldstay

C.wouldstay

D.musthavestayed16.It'snearlyseveno'clock.Jack

__________behereatanymoment.

A.must

B.need

C.should

D.can17.—Wouldyouliketodrinksomejuice?—,butIhavedrunkalotiftea.I’dlovetothinksoC.I’mafraidnotD.Idon’tthinkso.18.—MayIsmokehere?—No,you______!Look,thereisa“NOSMOKING”signhere.A.mayB.maynotC.needn’tD.mustn’t19.—Listen!Helenissinginginthenextroom.—It_____beHelen.ShehasgonetoBeijing.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.mayD.should20.—Whatdodriversdowhenthetrafficlightsturnred?—They______stopandwaittillthegreenlight.A.mustB.canC.mayD.need(二)根据语境用适当的情态动词填空：1.“________Ileaveschoolnow?”“No,you_______cleantheclassroom.”’stimeforclass.You________stopplayingfootball,oryou_______belateforschool.3.“_______they