园林英语简明字典

园林英语简明字典AAccessibility可达性Accessibleroute易达的路线advancenotice事先通知aerialphotogrammetry航空摄影测量aerobicdigesters需氧消化池aestheticconsiderations审美方面的考虑brickandconcreteblockwalls砖和混凝土砌块墙stonewalls石头墙woodandmetalfences木头和金属栅栏aestheticcontrols审美控制aggregatebase混合基础AIA美国建筑师协会Anaerobicdigesters厌氧分解池APA美国规划师协会arterialstreets主干道as-builtrecords施工记录ASLA美国景观设计师协会athleticfacility运动设施averagewalkingdistance平均步行距离axioms原理Bbackfill回填backhoe挖沟机barcharts横道图barrierdesign障碍设计beams大梁bearingcapacity承载力benchmarks水准点billing帐簿biodiversity生物多样性bioengineering生物工程biomass生物量bioretentionponds生物滞留池boardwalks栈桥bondingcompany担保公司bonuses奖金boundarydefinition边界确定boundarysurvey边界测量brownfields褐色土地bulldozers推土机businessdevelopment商业开发businessparks商业园区Ccadastralsurvey地籍测量camping野营candlepower烛光度cantileveredwall悬臂墙cascadingwaterfalls瀑布叠水certificatesofpayment付款证明书certificationsofcompliance应允证明书cesspools化粪池，污水坑，污水渗井，粪坑changeorders变更单changes,unauthorized未经同意的变更channels,stormwater雨水沟渠，槽，渠道circulationcontrol循环控制circulationpatterns环流模式claylenses粘土防渗层claysoil粘土clean-up清扫，清理，清除，提纯，净化clearingandgrubbing清理和除根client业主climatezones气候带closeout竣工clustertreatmentsystems集中式污水处理系统co-ordinates坐标cold寒带collectedrainwater收集起来的雨水collectorstreets次干道colloidalsoil胶质土壤commercialcenterdesign商业中心设计communication电信communitycommercial社区商业communityfacilitystandards社区设施标准communityparksandrecreationplanningdata社区公园和文娱体育规划资料communityscale社区尺度communitystandards社区标准compaction压实competitionpools竞赛用游泳池compostingtoilets堆肥厕所conceptualization概念化concretecribwall混凝土格笼墙conesofvision视锥connectedimperviousness连续的非渗透地面conservationstandards保护标准constructedwetlands人工湿地construction施工brickandconcreteblockwalls砖和混凝土砌块墙stonewalls石头墙woodandmetalfences木头和金属栅栏constructiondocument施工文件constructionlayout施工布局constructionobservation施工监理constructionpermits施工许可constructionsequence施工顺序constructionsurvey施工测量contingencies临时费contingencyallowance临时津贴contract合同responsibilities责任typesof类型unauthorizedchanges未经同意的变更contractdocuments合同文件controlpoints控制点conveyancetechniques,stormwater雨水的输送技术correctiveobservation校正性（补救性，修正性）检查（监理）corridors廊道costdata造价数据costestimatecomponents造价估算内容equipmentcosts设备费equipmentcrewcosts设备人工费generalrequirementscosts一般要求的费用laborcost人工费location位置，地点material材料overtime加班费productivity生产率projectscale项目规模quantitytake-offmethods起点数量法costestimating造价估算costplus造价累计courtgames场地运动courtsurface运动场地地面CPM关键路径法CriticalPathMethod.SeeCPM关键路径法，见CPMCSI施工规范原理culverts涵洞，暗沟，管道cutoperations挖方工程Ddatum数据decking平台面，铺板decks平台，甲板basiccomponents基本内容designrequirements设计要求estimatingdesignload估算设计荷载framingmethod结构方法plank-and-beamframing厚木板梁框架platformframing平台框架material材料hardware五金件wood木料，木材siteanalysis场地分析spantables跨度表structuraldesign结构设计decks,functionof平台的功能deferredmaintenance延期维修（维护）demolition,general整体破坏demolition,selective选择性破坏density密度designdevelopment设计扩初，设计深化designframework设计框架designimpacts设计影响designquality设计质量designspeed设计速度detailscale细部尺度detentionponds滞留池development开发industrial.Seeindustrialdevelopment工业，见工业开发residential.Seeresidentialdevelopment居住，见居住开发developmentprogramming开发计划developmenttypes,industrialandbusiness开发类型，工业和商业dimensionalCriteria标注标准dimensions标注dimensionofhumanfigures人体尺度directlabor直接人工费disconnectedimperviousness不连续的非渗透地面disposal处理，处置，排除，清除DL.SeedirectlaborDL.见直接人工费drainage排水，流域面积，排洪，排水系统drinkingwater饮用水drydetentionponds干滞池durability耐久性EEames,CharlesandRay查理·埃姆斯和雷earthwork土方ecologicalimpact生态影响economicimpact经济影响edgehabitat边缘栖息地edgerestraint边缘限制electricallines电力线embodiedenergy蕴藏能量endwalls尾墙energy能量embodied.Seeembodiedenergy具体化的，见蕴藏能量，具体能量energycosts能量造价environmentalimpactanalysis环境影响分析environmentalimpactstatement(EIS)环境影响报告书（EIS）scopingprocess确定范围程序environmentalmodification环境修复equipmentcosts设备费equipmentcrewcosts设备人工费equivalents相等物，等同物estimating估算stormwaterrunoff雨水径流[量]estimatingwaterflows估算水流量evaluation评价evapotranspirationrate土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量速率exoticplantspecies外来植物物种eyelevels视平线Ffabricreinforcement纤维加固，织物加强件facilitiesplanningdata设施规划数据feasibilityplanning可行性规划federalregulations联邦规范floodprotection防洪historicpreservation历史保留NationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct（NEPA）国家环境政策法案(NEPA)NPDESgeneralpermitsNPDES一般性许可Section10permit第10条许可Section404permit第404条许可fee费用costplusfixed固定费用之和lumpsum总数，总合retainer律师费fencesandwalls栅栏和围墙fences,woodandmetal栅栏，木栅栏和金属栅栏aestheticconsiderations审美方面的考虑components组分，内容construction施工structuralconsiderations结构方面的考虑fieldorders现场通知单fieldsports田径运动fieldsurfaces田径运动场地面fieldsurveys现场测量filloperations填方工程fill,general一般性填方filterstrips滤器，滤池，过滤，滤水filtration过滤filtrationsystems过滤系统finishgrading设计标高flexiblepavement柔性地面铺装floodprotection防洪followups连续footage尺长footcandle英尺烛光footingdrains基座处排水，立足点排水footings立足点forwardspatialbubblesfoundations基础fragmentation破碎FreewayorDistributorSystems高速路或分配者系统Frenchdrains法式排水frictioncoefficient摩擦系数frostdepth结冻深度，冰冻深度frost-thawcycle结冻-融化周期functionalrequirement功能要求Ggardenpool花园游泳池generalconditions一般情况generalcontractor总承包商generaldemolition整体破坏generalfill总填方generalrequirements一般要求generalrequirementscosts一般要求的费用generalroadwaystandards一般道路标准geodeticsurvey测地学测量GIS地理信息系统golfanddrivingranges高尔夫和高尔夫练习场grading场地平整granularsoil粒状土壤gravitywall重力墙graywater灰水greenfields绿色用地，绿色土地groundcovers地被植物groundwaterprotection地下水保护groundwaterrecharge地下水补给groundwaterresources地下水资源，地下水储量growingseason生长期guarantees抵押物Hhandlevel手动水平仪handrailings扶手hazardousplants有毒植物headwalls头墙heavyduty重型的，责任重大的herbaceousplants草本植物highway高速公路historicpreservation历史保留horizontalalignment平面设计hotarid炎热干燥hothumid炎热潮湿hydrographicsurvey水文测量hydrologiccycle水文周期Iilluminance亮度impervioussurfaceratio不渗透地面比例industrialdevelopment工业开发industrialparks工业园区infiltrationbeds渗透床infiltrationponds渗透池infiltrationwells渗透井infiltration,stormwater雨水渗透inspection检查installation安装InsuranceRateMaps(FIRMs)保险赔偿比例地图interpretation注释，解释invasivespecies入侵物种irrigation灌溉irrigationponds灌溉池塘irrigationsystems灌溉系统irrigationwater,sourcesof灌溉水水源Jjobmeetings工作会议joists托梁Llaborcosts人工费lagoons塘lampcharacteristics灯具的特点landscapeassessment景观评价LandscapeCoefficient(KL)景观系数（KL）landscapeplanning景观规划landscapeplanningstrategies景观规划对策landscapeplantings,calculatingwater景观种植用水量的计算large-scalesites大型场地layoutandsurveying布局和测量layoutmethods布局方法layoutplans平面图，布局平面layoutrequirements布局要求layoutsurvey布局测量leachingfields沥滤场lightdepreciation不强烈的抗议lightduty轻型的lighting照明atmosphereandcharacter气氛和特征orientationandidentification方位和识别safetyandsecurity安全和治安limit-of-workline工作期限localorminorstreets当地的或小街道localregulations当地规范（规定）aestheticcontrols审美控制constructionpermits施工许可plannedunitdevelopmentregulation有规划的单元开发规范（规定）subdivisionregulations（土地）再细分规范（规定）zoningregulations分区规划规范（规定）rezoning再分区规划variances变动lumen流明luminance亮度lumpsumfee总费用lux勒克司（国际单位制的照明单位，即米烛光）Lyle,JohnTillman约翰·蒂尔曼·莱尔Mmagneticdeclination磁力偏差maintenanceanddisposal维修和处理maintenanceperiod维修期maneuveringpatterns运行方式mapprojections地图投影mapscale制图比例markup涨价masterplanning总体规划MASTERFORMAT雇主表格materialcosts材料费materiallifecyclecostestimates材料生命周期造价估算materialsamples材料样品materialselection材料选择measuresofintensity强度衡量residentialdevelopment居住开发retailcommercialdevelopment零售商业开发mechanicslien机械扣押权release让度证书mediumduty中型medium-scalesites中型场地metesandbounds界石和边界线metricratio公制比例mitigationstrategies,stormwater缓解措施，暴雨mobilizationcost流通费moisturecontent湿度，含水量，水汽含量monolithicpavement整体路面，整体铺装moonlighting月光式照明movementcriteria移动标准multi-familyhousing多户住宅municipalsewersystems市政排水系统NNationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct(NEPA)国家环境政策法案，简称(NEPA)naturaldrainageways自然排水道naturalresources自然资源needsassessment需求评估negotiation协议，商议，协商neighborhoodcommercial邻里商业neighborhoodscale邻里尺度netpositivesuctionhead净吸真空高度noxiousplants有毒植物NEPAgeneralpermits国家环境政策法案的一般许可Oofficeparks办公园区OH.SeeoverheadOH.见经常性开支on-sitetreatmentsystems分散式污水处理系统openspaceratio开敞空间比例orientation超向，方位ornamentalponds观赏性水池ornamentalpools观赏性水池overhead经常性开支annualrate年度比率overheadandprofit经常性开支和利润overruns,time时间延误overtime加班费overturning翻腾，水的竖直循环现象owner所有者Ppackageplants丛生植物parking停车场parkingdimensions停车场尺寸parkinglot停车场parkinglots停车场parkingrequirements停车场要求patches斑块pathlighting小径照明pathways小径pavement铺装，路面pavement,flexible柔性铺装，柔性路面pavement,rigid刚性铺装，刚性路面pavements道路paver铺路材料，铺路机，铺石人paving铺装，铺路payment报酬；支付non-payment无报酬的requests申请pedestrianstandards步行标准penalties罚金，罚款percentageofconstruction施工的百分比permittingprocesses申请程序personnelallocation人员配备photometriccharts光度表physicalcharacteristics物理特征picnicking野餐piers支墩，支柱，防洪堤pipes管道placescale场地尺度plandiscrepancies平面的不符之处planesurvey平面测量plannedmultiusedevelopments有计划的综合开发plannedunitdevelopmentregulations有计划的单元开发规范planning规划developmentfeasibilityplanning开发的可行性规划landscapeplanning景观规划masterplanning总体规划planthardiness植物的抗寒性plantmortality植物的死亡率planting种植clean-upandfinalinspection清理和检查groundcovers地被植物seedingandsodding种草和铺草皮shrubs灌木trees乔木plantingconditions种植现状plantingdesign种植设计plantingrequirements种植要求plants,hazardous有害的植物plants,herbaceous草本的植物plants,noxious有毒的植物plants,salttolerant耐盐碱的植物，playsurfaces游戏场地地面playgrounds游戏场地pointofbeginning起始点pondsystems池塘系统claylenses粘土防渗层depth深度syntheticliners合成材料垫层，合成材料衬里（衬底）pools游泳池competition竞赛用游泳池recreational娱乐用游泳池poolsstructure游泳池结构depth深度freeboard干舷posts柱potablewater饮用水PowersofTen十的力量precipitation降雨，降水量precision精确性；准确性preparedsubgrade素土夯实preventativeobservation预防性监理pricing报价materiallifecyclecostestimates材料生命周期造价估算overheadandprofit经常性开支和利润squaremetercostestimates平方米造价估算systemsestimates系统估算法unitpricecostcalculation单位标价造价计算privacy私密性privategarden私家花园productdistribution产品销售productpackaging产品包装productivity生产率projectbudget项目预算projectcloseout项目竣工projectmeetings项目会议projectobservation项目检查projectrecords项目登记projectscale项目规模proprietarysurfaces地上有房产publicgarden公共花园publicplaza公共广场pumps水泵punchlist打孔登记表punchlists打孔登记表Qquantitytake-offmethods数量估算法Rrampslopes坡道坡度ramps坡道rates,standardbilling标准记帐率RationalMethod推理计算方法rawmaterial原材料re-use再利用rechargetrenches（地下水）补给沟渠recreationstandards文娱体育标准recreationalpools娱乐用游泳池recyclablematerials可循环使用的材料recycledwater循环水recycling再循环使用（的）regionalcommercial地区性商业regionalconsiderations地区性居住regionalscale区域尺度regulations,federal联邦的规范（规定）regulations,local地方的规范（规定）regulations,state州的规范（规定）reimbursableexpenses可补偿费用reinforcedembankments加固的土堤，加固筑堤rejections排斥，阻止，抑制replacements替代reservoirstructures水库构筑物，蓄水池，贮器residentialdevelopme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