TheFamousBattlesofWorldWarTwo二战中的重要战役

TheFamousBattlesoftheWorldWarⅡ—ByZiMu

1939.09.01TheInvasionofPoland(波兰闪击战)1940.05.19TheBattleofDunkirk（敦克尔克大撤退）1940.07.10BattleofBritain（不列颠之战）1941.10.02BattleofMoscow（莫斯科保卫战）1941.12.07AttackonPearlHarbor（偷袭珍珠港）1942.06.04BattleofMidway（半途岛海战）1942.08.07NavalBattleofGuadalcanal（瓜岛争夺战）1944.06.06Normandylandings（诺曼底登陆）1945.04.16BattleofBerlin（柏林战役）1945.04.01BattleofOkinawa（冲绳岛战役）Contents

TheInvasionofPolandDate:1September1939–6October1939(1month

and

5days)Location:PolandResult:DecisiveGermanandSovietvictory.BeginningofWorldWarIITerritorialchanges:PolishterritorydividedbetweenGermany,theSovietUnion,LithuaniaandSlovakia

Belligerents:Germany,Slovakia,SovietUnion(After17September)PolandMaincommandersandleaders:AdolfHitler(阿道夫•希特勒—德国),EdwardRydz-Śmigły(爱德华·雷兹-希米格维—波兰)Strength:Germany,Slovakia,SovietUnion(2,000,000+)Poland(950,000)Casualtiesandlosses:Germany,Slovakia,SovietUnion(59,000)Poland(904,000)ThemapshowsthebeginningofWorldWarIIinSeptember1939inawiderEuropeancontext.PlannedandactualdivisionsofPoland,accordingtotheMolotov-RibbentropPact,withlateradjustmentsPolishInfantryPolish

7TP

lighttank

PolishdestroyersevacuatetheBalticSeaonroutetotheUnitedKingdomTheBattleofDunkirkDate:19May1940—4June1940

Location:Dunkirk,FranceResult:ThecoalitionforcessuccessfullyretreatedtotheUnitedKingdom

Belligerents:Britain,France,BelgiumGermany

Strength:Coalition(400,000)Germans(800,000)

Maincommandersandleaders:KarlRudolfGerdvonRundstedt(卡尔·鲁道夫·格德·冯·伦德施泰特—德);RodScott(罗德·高特—英);WeiGang(魏刚—法)ThebattleinwithdrawalVesselsusedinwithdrawThebeachestheyleftBattleofBritainDate:10July

–31October1940(3months

and

3weeks)Location:UnitedKingdomairspaceResult:DecisiveBritishvictoryBelligerents:UnitedKingdom;CanadaGermany;Italy

Maincommandersandleaders:WinstonChurchill(温斯顿·丘吉尔—英);HughDowding(休·丁);AdolfHitler(阿道夫·希特勒—德);HermannGoering(赫尔曼·戈林—德)Strength:1,963serviceableaircraft

2,550serviceableaircraftCasualtiesandlosses:UnitedKingdomandCanada(544aircrewkilled;422aircrewwounded;1,547aircraftdestroyed)

GermanyandItaly(2,698aircrewkilled;967captured;638missingbodies;1,887aircraftdestroyed)An

ObserverCorps

spotterscanstheskiesofLondon.GermanHeinkelHe111bombersovertheEnglishChannel1940Calais,September1940.Göringgivingaspeechtopilotsaboutthechangeintactics:tobombthetownsinsteadoftheairfields.BombingofLondon.

Date:2October1941–7January1942Location:Moscowregion,RussianSFSR,SovietUnionResult:DecisiveSovietvictory

StrategicSovietsuccessGermanoperationalandtacticalfailureSetbackof

OperationBarbarossaBelligerents:GermanySovietUnionBattleofMoscowMaincommandersandleaders:AdolfHitler;FedorvonBock(费多尔·冯·博克—德);HeinzGuderian(海因茨·威廉·古德里安—德);AlbertKesselring(凯塞林—德);GeorgyZhukov(格奥尔吉·朱可夫—苏联);AleksandrVasilevsky(

亚历山大·华西列夫斯基—苏联)

Strength:Germany(1,929,406men;1,700tanks;14,000guns;Initialaircraft:549)

SovietUnion(1,250,000men;3,232tanks;7,600guns;Initialaircraft:936)Casualtiesandlosses:Germany(280,000–750,000;1,200–9,000vehiclescrippled)

SovietUnion(500,000–1,280,000)December1941.Soviettroopsinwintergear,supportedbytanks,counter-attackGermanforces.A7November1941paradebytheSoviettroopsonthe

RedSquaredepictedonthis1949paintingbyKonstantinYuon

vividlydemonstratesthesymbolicsignificanceoftheevent.TheeasternfrontatthetimeoftheBattleofMoscow:

InitialWehrmachtadvance—to9July1941

Subsequentadvances—to1September1941

EncirclementandbattleofKievto9September1941

FinalWehrmachtadvance—to5December194AttackonPearlHarborDate:December7,1941Location:Primarily

PearlHarbor,

HawaiiTerritory,UnitedStatesResult:Japanesemajortacticalvictory

UnitedStatesdeclarationofwarontheEmpireofJapanGermanyandItalydeclarewarontheUnitedStates

Belligerents:UnitedStatesEmpireofJapanMaincommandersandleaders:HusbandKimmel(哈斯柏登·金梅尔—美);WalterShort(沃尔特·肖特—美);ChuichiNagumo(南云忠一—日);IsorakuYamamoto(山本五十六—日)Strength:American(8battleships;8cruisers;30destroyers;4submarines;1

USCG

Cutter;49otherships;390aircraft)Japan(6aircraftcarriers;2battleships;2heavycruisers;1lightcruiser;9destroyers;8tankers;23fleetsubmarines;5midgetsubmarines;414aircraft)

Importance:TheoutbreakofthePacificWar二战实录：偷袭珍珠港（彩色影像）.flvBattleofMidway

Date:4–7June1942Location:MidwayAtoll(28°12′N;

177°21′W)Result:DecisiveAmericanvictoryBelligerents:UnitedStatesEmpireofJapan

Maincommandersandleaders:ChesterW.Nimitz(切斯特·威廉·尼米兹—美);FrankJackFletcher(法兰克·杰克·弗莱彻—美);

RaymondA.Spruance(雷蒙德·阿姆斯·斯普鲁恩斯—美);ChuichiNagumo(南云忠一—日);IsorakuYamamoto(山本五十六—日);YamaguchiTamon(山口多闻—日)

Strength:American(3carriers;25supportships;233carrier-basedaircraft;127land-basedaircraft;Total:28ships)

Japan(4carriers;2battleships;15supportships;248carrier-basedaircraft;16floatplanes;Total:185ship)

Casualtiesandlosses:American(1carriersunk;1destroyersunk;150aircraftdestroyed;307killed)Japan(4carrierssunk;1cruisersunk;248carrieraircraftdestroyed;3,057killed)

Importance:TheturningpointofthewarinthePacificU.S.

Douglas

SBD-3Dauntless

dive

bombers

fromtheUSS

Hornet

abouttoattacktheburningJapanesecruiser

Mikuma

forthethirdtimeon6June1942USS

Yorktown

at

PearlHarbor

daysbeforethebattle.EasternIslandunderattack

DevastatorsofVT-6aboardUSS

Enterprise

beingpreparedfortakeoffduringthebattle.NavalBattleofGuadalcanal

Date:12—15November1942Location:Guadalcanal,

SolomonIslandsResult:UnitedStatesstrategicvictoryBelligerents:UnitedStatesEmpireofJapanMaincommandersandleaders:WilliamHalsey,Jr(小威廉·海尔赛—美);AlexanderArcherVandegrift(亚历山大·阿切尔·范德格里夫特—美);WillisA.Lee(威利斯·李—美);Isoroku

Yamamoto(山本五十六—日)Strength:American(60,000groundforces);Japan(36,200groundforces)Casualtiesandlosses:American(7100peoplewerekilled;Fourwerecaptured;Lossof29warshipsand615Aircraft);Japan(31,000peoplewerekilled;1000captured;Lossof38warshipsand683-880Aircraft)SmokerisesfromtwoJapaneseaircraftshotdownoffGuadalcanalon12November1942.Photographedfrom

USS

PresidentAdams;shipat

right

isUSS

Betelgeuse.ApproximateroutesofJapaneseforceunderAbe(redline)andU.S.forceunderCallaghan(blackline)astheyheadtowardseachotherearlyon13Novemberin

IronbottomSound

betweenSavoIsland,CapeEsperance,and

LungaPoint

onGuadalcanal.ThegreenareanearLungaPointonGuadalcanalmarksthelocationofHendersonField.U.S.aircraftattackedJapaneseU.S.NavypatroltocrossingtheriverThekilledJapanesesoldiersU.S.aircraftcarrierwasburnedNormandylandings

Date:6June1944Location:Normandy,FranceResult:DecisiveAlliedvictoryTerritorial:FiveAlliedbeachheadestablished

Changes:

inNormandyBelligerents:UnitedKingdom;UnitedStates;Canada;Poland;Norway;Australia;NewZealand;Netherlands;BelgiumGermanyMaincommandersandleaders:DwightDavidEisenhower(德怀特·大卫·艾森豪威尔—美);ArthurTedder（亚瑟·泰德—英);GerdvonRundstedt(格特·冯·伦德施泰特—德)Strength:Allied(156,000);Germany(10,000)Casualtiesandlosses:Allied(Atleast~12,000overallcasualties);Germany(Estimatedbetween4,000and9,000casualties)U.S.Armytroopswadeashoreon

Omaha

Beach

onthemorningof6June1944,(plannedforthemorningof5June,butdelayedonedayduetobadweather).D-dayassaultroutesintoNormandy

Largelandingcraft

convoycrossesthe

EnglishChannel

on6June1944

PersonnelofRoyalCanadianNavyBeachCommando"W"landingonMikeBeach,

Junosector

oftheNormandybeachhead.6June1944SurvivorsofasunkentrooptransportareassistedashoreonOmahaBeachLandingcraftapproachthebeachassmokeontheshoreemanatesfromGermanpositionsBattleofBerlin

Date:16April

–2May1945Location:Berlin,GermanyResult:DecisiveSovietvictory(①SuicideofHitlerandotherhigh-rankingNaziofficials;②UnconditionalsurrenderofthecityBerlingarrisonon2May.GermanforcesstillfightingthebattleoutsideBerlincapitulatedon8/9May(followingtheunconditionalsurrenderofallGermanforces)

Belligerents:SovietUnion;PolandGermanyMaincommandersandleaders:Zhukov(朱可夫—苏联);Chuikov(崔可夫—苏联);WilhelmKeitel(凯特尔—德国);HelmuthOttoLudwigWeidling(黑尔姆特·奥托·路德维希·魏德林—德国)

Strength:SovietUnion(2.5million)

Germany(1.0million)Casualtiesandlosses:SovietUnion(330,000)Germany(480,000)Afterthebattle,SovietsoldiershoisttheSovietflagonthebalconyofthe

HotelAdlon

inBerlinSovietartillerybombardingGermanpositionsduringthebattleforSeelowHeightsSoviet

Katyusha

multiplerocketlaunchersfireinBerlin,April1945.ThisexampleisaBM-13N,132